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The Science of Being Transgender ft. Gigi Gorgeous

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    There's a lot of misinformation out there
    about what it means to be transgender,
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    but recently, scientists
    have begun to look more closely
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    into the neurology,
    physiology and psychology behind it.
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    So today, we're going to break down
    what science does know
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    in a respectful and educational way.
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    Hey, guys, I'm Gigi Gorgeous
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    and today I'm here with AsapSCIENCE
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    to break down the science of being transgender.
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    Before we get too deep into it,
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    we have to look at your genetic sex or the chromosomes you have.
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    These were determined right at fertilization,
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    when the sperm cell from your father, which carries an X or a Y chromosome,
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    fused with the egg from your mother, which carries an X chromosome.
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    But until six or seven weeks after fertilization,
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    both XY and XX embyos have identical gonads.
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    Around seven weeks, the male sex organs start to develop
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    because of a gene on the Y chromosome called SRY.
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    It causes cells to become more specialized
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    and these cells create testosterone,
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    which in turn triggers the development of structures like the penis and scrotum,
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    while other cells block female development by degerating the female ducts.
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    However, in female development,
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    because there is no Y chromosome with the SRY gene,
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    these ducts stay intact and become the uterus, cervix,
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    upper vagina and the oviduct,
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    with the help of estrogen and chemicals secreted by the early kidney.
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    But it's not always that simple.
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    There are sometimes even rare combinations like XXY,
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    XXX, XXYY, etcetera,
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    and even people with XX chromosomes that develop male genitals and characteristics,
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    due to a piece of the Y chromosome breaking off and switching places to an X chromosome.
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    But sexual differentiation in the brain actually happens much later than gonadal differentiation.
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    And yes, although controversial, male and female brains
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    have structural and functional differences between each other.
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    Studies have found that males generally have a larger cerebrum,
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    cerebellum, and hippocampus,
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    while females have higher-density left frontal lobes
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    and larger volumes in the right frontal lobes.
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    So what exactly do we see when we look at the brain of a transgender person?
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    Several studies have shown that transgender brains
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    are both structurally and functionally more similar to their experienced gender identity
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    than their biological sex.
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    One study found that trans women who, despite being assigned male at birth,
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    had a smaller female-sized structure in the hypothalamus.
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    MRI scans also show the brain structures of trans people
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    to be more similar in thickness to their experienced gender and not their sex.
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    Finally, the pheromone androstadienone
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    causes different hypothalamic responses in male and female brains.
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    And when individuals with gender dysphoria were exposed to it,
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    the hypothalamic response matched their perceived gender rather than their sex.
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    These studies help to highlight how masculinization or feminization of the gonads
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    is not always the same as the brain
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    and that there's a difference between your sex or your anatomy
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    and your gender or how we perceive our own bodies.
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    There also seems to be a genetic component to transgender identity.
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    Looking at family histories, gender identity incongruence seems to run in the family,
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    meaning they may be inherited.
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    The CYP17 gene, which control the body's level of sex hormones,
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    has a changed
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    that is expressed frequently in trans men.
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    Although more research could be done,
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    scientists are currently looking at over three million DNA markers for transgender identity
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    to investigate any genetic link for being trans.
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    Even though scientific studies validate the experience of transgender people,
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    they're still suffering from more depression and anxiety
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    than the general public.
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    The risk of suicide is more prominent in transgender people
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    who have been rejected by their family,
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    discriminated in the workplace or in health care.
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    Suicide risks seem to decrease after gender transitioning,
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    suggesting that gender dysphoria can cause an extreme amount of emotional pain,
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    even to the point of suicide.
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    If you, a family member or a friend is suffering from gender dysphoria,
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    there are a few links in the description for more information.
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    Thank you so much, Gigi, for being part of this video.
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    It means so much, and we're happy that you were here to do this with us.
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    Thank you guys for using your channel, your platform,
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    validating transgender experiences with science,
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    which just brings us closer to equality.
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    Absolutely. If you guys want to check out Gigi's channel, we'll put links in the description or on the screen somewhere.
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    Otherwise, you can subscribe for more science here, every week, and we'll see you next time.
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    Peace!
Title:
The Science of Being Transgender ft. Gigi Gorgeous
Description:

What can science teach us about gender identity and dysphoria?
Thanks so much to Gigi Gorgeous! https://youtu.be/83jGTVHGj1Y
Check out our new PODCAST: http://sidenotepodcast.com

Subscribe for more! http://bit.ly/asapsci

The Trevor Project's 24/7/365 Lifeline at 866-4-U-TREVOR (866-488-7386) or https://www.thetrevorproject.org
The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-TALK (8255)
Trans Lifeline at 877-565-8860

Created by: Mitchell Moffit and Gregory Brown
Written by: Jodre Datu, Greg Brown and Mitch Moffit
Illustrated by: Max Simmons
Edited by: Sel Ghebrehiwot
Narrated by: Mitch Moffit

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Further Reading/References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9967/
http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/xx-male-syndrome-0
https://academic.oup.com/endo/article/142/8/3281/2988779
http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/males-and-females-differ-in-specific-brain-structures
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3896179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4350266/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334362
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4350266/
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/917990-overview#a4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7477289
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22941717
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4037295/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10983252
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17765230
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23398495
https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/AFSP-Williams-Suicide-Report-Final.pdf
https://globalnews.ca/news/3648571/transgender-gene-study/
http://www.apa.org/topics/lgbt/transgender.aspx
http://www.bu.edu/research/articles/lgbt-issues-stem-diversity/
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26511-out-in-the-open-is-science-lgbt-friendly/
https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/01/remembering-the-transgender-scientist-who-changed-our-understanding-of-the-brain/549458/
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-lgbt-biology/born-this-way-researchers-explore-the-science-of-gender-identity-idUSKBN1AJ0F0

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Video Language:
English
Team:
Amplifying Voices
Project:
Gender Diversity
Duration:
04:21

English subtitles

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