机会成本&权衡
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0:03 - 0:05♪ [音乐] ♪
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0:06 - 0:08一旦掌握了经济思维方式
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0:08 - 0:11你会以截然不同的方式看待这个世界
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0:12 - 0:15两个基本的经济概念随处可见
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0:16 - 0:18机会成本
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0:20 - 0:21以及权衡
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0:25 - 0:27首先我们谈谈机会成本
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0:28 - 0:29在这家热闹的咖啡店里
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0:30 - 0:33每个决定背后都隐藏着机会成本
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0:34 - 0:38就像珍妮,她来这里是与亚当的
第三次约会 -
0:41 - 0:43这是个好决定吗?
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0:43 - 0:44毕竟,经济学就是研究决策的
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0:44 - 0:47[]
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0:47 - 0:50做出正确的决定就是
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0:50 - 0:52要比较该决定的效益与成本
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0:52 - 0:55对于珍妮来说,这次约会的明显成本是
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0:55 - 0:57她来这里而要支付的优步车费
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0:58 - 1:01大杯装印度香料奶茶拿铁加全脂牛奶
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1:02 - 1:03但还缺少什么呢?
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1:03 - 1:05她的机会成本
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1:05 - 1:10机会成本的意思是下一个
最佳替代方案的价值 -
1:10 - 1:13例如,她没有跟亚当第三次约会的话
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1:13 - 1:16珍妮可能正在狂看她最喜欢的电视节目
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1:17 - 1:19她可能是和罗曼第一次约会
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1:19 - 1:21[]
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1:21 - 1:23或者她可能正在和她非常可爱的妹妹
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1:23 - 1:24一起吃早餐
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1:26 - 1:28假设她的下一个最佳替代方案
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1:28 - 1:30是和她妹妹一起吃早餐
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1:30 - 1:33与亚当第三次约会的好处
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1:33 - 1:35是否超过了机会成本?
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1:35 - 1:38以这种方式考虑恋爱关系似乎很奇怪
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1:38 - 1:39这并不意味着
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1:39 - 1:42每一个决定都要精打细算
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1:42 - 1:44[]
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1:44 - 1:47尽管如此,珍妮的时间、注意力和精力
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1:47 - 1:48这些是稀缺的
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1:51 - 1:54如果她根本不考虑其他选择
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1:54 - 1:56她可能正在浪费生命的一部分
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1:59 - 2:03经济学中还有另一个基本相关概念
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2:03 - 2:04权衡
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2:05 - 2:07举个例子
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2:07 - 2:08拿咖啡店天花板上的洒水器来说
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2:09 - 2:12添加洒水器可以使火灾发生时更加安全
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2:12 - 2:15但是安装成本也很高
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2:17 - 2:20如果没有装洒水器,咖啡会便宜多少?
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2:21 - 2:24在资源稀缺的世界里,人们通常必须做出选择
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2:25 - 2:26需要权衡一下
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2:26 - 2:28建筑物越安全成本越高
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2:28 - 2:31但这意味着咖啡可能会更贵
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2:38 - 2:41Hmm, the line is at the door here.
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2:42 - 2:46Perhaps the owner has considered
opening a second location. -
2:48 - 2:50As the building code, however,
becomes more stringent, -
2:50 - 2:53the cost of opening
an additional location goes up. -
2:54 - 2:57It's not just the direct
monetary costs -
2:57 - 3:00of paying for things
like sprinklers, -
3:00 - 3:04it's also the opportunity costs
of the extra time and effort -
3:04 - 3:08to file permits, manage the work,
and schedule inspections. -
3:10 - 3:13A more stringent building code
means a higher cost -
3:13 - 3:15for opening up new businesses.
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3:19 - 3:21And in turn,
that higher cost can mean -
3:21 - 3:24that fewer new businesses
get opened. -
3:30 - 3:33What's the right tradeoff
between making buildings safer... -
3:38 - 3:41and making it easier
to launch new businesses? -
3:45 - 3:47Once you see these tradeoffs,
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3:47 - 3:48you'll find them
everywhere you look: -
3:49 - 3:50healthcare,
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3:55 - 3:56food,
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4:02 - 4:03the environment,
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4:09 - 4:10education.
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4:15 - 4:17One more decision to consider:
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4:17 - 4:18if you're a teacher,
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4:18 - 4:21should you spice up
your economics class -
4:21 - 4:23by checking out our free unit plan
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4:23 - 4:24that uses this video?
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4:25 - 4:28If you're a learner,
should you watch another MRU video? -
4:29 - 4:31Well, YouTube is full
of entertaining videos, -
4:31 - 4:32[cat meows]
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4:32 - 4:35but please, of course,
consider the opportunity costs. -
4:36 - 4:37♪ [music] ♪
- Title:
- 机会成本&权衡
- Description:
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- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- Marginal Revolution University
- Duration:
- 04:38
William Choi edited Chinese, Simplified subtitles for Opportunity Cost and Tradeoffs | ||
William Choi edited Chinese, Simplified subtitles for Opportunity Cost and Tradeoffs | ||
William Choi edited Chinese, Simplified subtitles for Opportunity Cost and Tradeoffs | ||
William Choi edited Chinese, Simplified subtitles for Opportunity Cost and Tradeoffs | ||
William Choi edited Chinese, Simplified subtitles for Opportunity Cost and Tradeoffs |