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♪ [音乐] ♪

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一旦掌握了经济思维方式

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你会以截然不同的方式看待这个世界

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两个基本的经济概念随处可见

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机会成本

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以及权衡

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首先我们谈谈机会成本

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在这家热闹的咖啡店里

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每个决定背后都隐藏着机会成本

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就像珍妮，她来这里是与亚当的
第三次约会

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这是个好决定吗？

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毕竟，经济学就是研究决策的

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[]

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做出正确的决定就是

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要比较该决定的效益与成本

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对于珍妮来说，这次约会的明显成本是

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她来这里而要支付的优步车费

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大杯装印度香料奶茶拿铁加全脂牛奶

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但还缺少什么呢？

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她的机会成本

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机会成本的意思是下一个
最佳替代方案的价值

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例如，她没有跟亚当第三次约会的话

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珍妮可能正在狂看她最喜欢的电视节目

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她可能是和罗曼第一次约会

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[]

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或者她可能正在和她非常可爱的妹妹

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一起吃早餐

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假设她的下一个最佳替代方案

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是和她妹妹一起吃早餐

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与亚当第三次约会的好处

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是否超过了机会成本？

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以这种方式考虑恋爱关系似乎很奇怪

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这并不意味着

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每一个决定都要精打细算

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[]

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尽管如此，珍妮的时间、注意力和精力

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这些是稀缺的

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如果她根本不考虑其他选择

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她可能正在浪费生命的一部分

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经济学中还有另一个基本相关概念

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权衡

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举个例子

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拿咖啡店天花板上的洒水器来说

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添加洒水器可以使火灾发生时更加安全

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但是安装成本也很高

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如果没有装洒水器，咖啡会便宜多少？

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在资源稀缺的世界里，人们通常必须做出选择

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需要权衡一下

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建筑物越安全成本越高

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但这意味着咖啡可能会更贵

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Hmm, the line is at the door here.

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Perhaps the owner has considered
opening a second location.

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As the building code, however,
becomes more stringent,

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the cost of opening
an additional location goes up.

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It's not just the direct
monetary costs

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of paying for things
like sprinklers,

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it's also the opportunity costs
of the extra time and effort

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to file permits, manage the work,
and schedule inspections.

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A more stringent building code
means a higher cost

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for opening up new businesses.

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And in turn,
that higher cost can mean

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that fewer new businesses
get opened.

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What's the right tradeoff
between making buildings safer...

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and making it easier
to launch new businesses?

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Once you see these tradeoffs,

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you'll find them
everywhere you look:

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healthcare,

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food,

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the environment,

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education.

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One more decision to consider:

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if you're a teacher,

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should you spice up
your economics class

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by checking out our free unit plan

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that uses this video?

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If you're a learner,
should you watch another MRU video?

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Well, YouTube is full
of entertaining videos,

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[cat meows]

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but please, of course,
consider the opportunity costs.

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♪ [music] ♪