Poison on our plate | Ramanjaneyulu GV | TEDxHyderabad
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0:08 - 0:10We are what we eat,
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0:10 - 0:13but how many of us know
what we are actually eating? -
0:13 - 0:15How many of us know
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0:15 - 0:18what food does to the environment
before it comes to our plate. -
0:18 - 0:20How many of you know
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0:20 - 0:23what food does to the farmer
who is producing that food? -
0:23 - 0:25Do you know? Have you ever thought?
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0:26 - 0:29How many of you think,
when you are eating food, -
0:29 - 0:31about the farmer who has produced it
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0:31 - 0:34or the fate of the farmer
who has produced it? -
0:34 - 0:36These are some of the questions
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0:36 - 0:40which grappled me
when I was studying agriculture. -
0:41 - 0:44While doing my PhD in agriculture,
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0:44 - 0:46I had a choice.
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0:47 - 0:51Like every young boy in the 90s,
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0:51 - 0:55I was also crazy about getting
into Indian Civil Service. -
0:55 - 0:57I was reading about the Indian economy.
-
0:58 - 1:00I really understood
about the Indian economy -
1:00 - 1:01by reading for an exam.
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1:01 - 1:04Finally, by the time
I got into the services, -
1:04 - 1:07I was selected for Indian Revenue Service.
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1:07 - 1:11But I also had a choice of joining
as an Agricultural Research Scientist. -
1:12 - 1:13It was a tough choice.
-
1:14 - 1:17I made my choice to join
as an Agricultural Research Scientist. -
1:17 - 1:19I thought, I should continue
working with farmers. -
1:20 - 1:22(Applause)
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1:22 - 1:26But that didn't last long,
I'll come to that. -
1:28 - 1:31Before I come to that,
let's understand: what is our food? -
1:32 - 1:34What are we eating? How safe is our food?
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1:34 - 1:37All of you saw this news, some time back.
-
1:37 - 1:42Pesticides residues
in soft drinks and bottled water. -
1:43 - 1:44But forgotten the next day.
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1:44 - 1:46Have you ever thought
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1:46 - 1:51how pesticides residues got
into this bottled water or soft drinks? -
1:53 - 1:56If bottled water and soft drinks
had pesticide residues, -
1:56 - 1:59the water you used to make tea or coffee
also must be having. -
1:59 - 2:01But we never worry about it.
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2:01 - 2:04The news is short,
the next day we forget about it. -
2:04 - 2:08At least this must be in your memory:
noodles having heavy metals. -
2:08 - 2:10How many of you thought,
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2:10 - 2:13how did these heavy metals
reach the noodles? -
2:13 - 2:15If lead has to be added to the noodles,
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2:15 - 2:18probably lead is more costly
than the noodles. -
2:18 - 2:21Nobody will add it, but it came.
How did it come? -
2:21 - 2:25If ingredients used
to make noodles had the lead, -
2:26 - 2:29then the 'aata' which you used
to make your 'chapati' -
2:30 - 2:32also must be having.
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2:33 - 2:36Or the 'samosa' which you're eating
also must be having, right? -
2:37 - 2:39But we don't connect the dots.
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2:39 - 2:43Same story when we hear
about pesticide residues in vegetables. -
2:43 - 2:48You all get horrified,
but forget it in the evening. -
2:48 - 2:52We all think, if we buy food
at a good place, -
2:52 - 2:55or eat it in a good hotel, it's safe.
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2:55 - 2:57Food is only as safe as it is grown.
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2:57 - 3:00End of pipe solutions don't work.
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3:02 - 3:04The pesticides which are
used in agriculture, -
3:05 - 3:09less than 1% actually kills the insects,
99% gets into the water, -
3:11 - 3:14gets into the air,
and comes back into your food. -
3:14 - 3:16We look at it very casually.
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3:16 - 3:19Everything happening around us,
we look at it very casually. -
3:19 - 3:21I'll give you an example.
-
3:21 - 3:24While having the lunch,
I saw people painting there. -
3:24 - 3:27What is that? Spray paint.
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3:27 - 3:28Where does it go?
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3:29 - 3:33Part of it goes onto the board,
part of it into the air. -
3:33 - 3:36You were all eating there.
It comes there. -
3:36 - 3:39We are all educated,
we feel we can make connections. -
3:39 - 3:41We never make them.
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3:41 - 3:44We expect that the farmer
will make those connections -
3:44 - 3:47and produce safe food for all of us.
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3:47 - 3:49I think that's there is a disconnect
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3:49 - 3:55between what we observe,
what we know, and how we act. -
3:55 - 3:58It is a serious problem.
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3:58 - 4:00It's not only about the pesticides.
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4:00 - 4:03Do you know the eggs
that you buy in the market, -
4:04 - 4:05what kind of eggs are you buying?
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4:05 - 4:07They are haploid eggs.
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4:07 - 4:11Haploid means they are produced
without male and female meeting together. -
4:12 - 4:16That's why if you hatch the eggs,
they won't make chickens. -
4:17 - 4:21But how they are produced?
They are produced by using estrogens. -
4:21 - 4:23And what happens to those estrogens?
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4:24 - 4:26When you eat those eggs
they'll come back to you. -
4:26 - 4:30That's one reason today
the puberty in girls has advanced. -
4:31 - 4:35The gynecological problems
in women have increased. -
4:35 - 4:37The breast development
in men has increased. -
4:38 - 4:40Last year's India Today's survey shows
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4:41 - 4:44that the largest number
of plastic surgeries done in India -
4:44 - 4:46are to remove breasts in men.
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4:46 - 4:51You got into the situation where fruit,
which is supposed to be healthy, -
4:53 - 4:54is creating all these problems.
-
4:55 - 5:00It's not just the pesticides,
or antibiotics, or growth hormones -
5:00 - 5:03which are used in production,
but also how they are processed. -
5:03 - 5:08You might have heard, last week,
10 days, doing rounds in all the media: -
5:09 - 5:10artificially ripened fruits.
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5:11 - 5:13But why are fruits ripened artificially?
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5:13 - 5:17If all of you want
to eat fruits off-season: -
5:17 - 5:19how do they do it?
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5:20 - 5:22If you want mangoes in May,
how do you get mangoes? -
5:23 - 5:27You have to cut unripened ones,
ripen it artificially, and sell it. -
5:29 - 5:33Bananas which look uniformed yellow.
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5:35 - 5:38What are they?
They are all carbon ripened. -
5:39 - 5:42The apples, the shiny apples
which you see. -
5:42 - 5:45What are they?
When were they produced? -
5:45 - 5:47Where were they produced?
Do you know? -
5:48 - 5:51California apples,
you get apples from California. -
5:51 - 5:54Can you keep it fresh?
They are coated with wax. -
5:55 - 5:59Go back to your home,
take an apple from your fridge. -
5:59 - 6:01Just scratch it. You'll see the wax.
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6:02 - 6:03We are eating all that.
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6:03 - 6:05The watermelons which are red in color,
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6:07 - 6:09they are injected with injections, color.
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6:10 - 6:12They are injected with growth hormones.
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6:13 - 6:14The milk which is sold,
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6:14 - 6:17we have seen in news
of the last several years, -
6:17 - 6:20the reports say,
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6:20 - 6:23"The milk is contaminated
with synthetic milk." -
6:23 - 6:29If you want to have milk
at 40 rupees a liter, -
6:29 - 6:30that's what you get.
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6:30 - 6:32We want food cheaper,
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6:34 - 6:37and there is competition
between the companies. -
6:38 - 6:40They pay low prices to the farmers.
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6:40 - 6:43They also contaminate it
and then get away with that. -
6:43 - 6:46All brands of milk sold in Hyderabad,
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6:46 - 6:49is prone to have been
contaminated with synthetic milk. -
6:49 - 6:50GM foods.
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6:51 - 6:54How many of you know about this?
How many of you have heard about this? -
6:54 - 6:56Bt Brinjal.
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6:56 - 6:59I'll tell you simply what Bt Brinjal is.
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6:59 - 7:02When pesticide is sprayed from outside,
it damages the environment. -
7:02 - 7:07Like I said, 99% goes into the environment
only 1% kills the insect. -
7:07 - 7:11So, scientists thought, "Why not
producing pesticide in the plant itself?" -
7:11 - 7:13So the plant produces insecticides,
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7:13 - 7:16so that whichever insect
eats the plant will die. -
7:16 - 7:18But what happens to us?
Who eats that? -
7:18 - 7:22So, there are several bio safety questions
in front of us which were never addressed. -
7:23 - 7:29What you see here, yellow, white,
golden rice, which is going to come soon. -
7:29 - 7:31Do you know why it was done?
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7:31 - 7:36They say, vitamin A deficiency
is a serious problem, -
7:36 - 7:38so we will produce vitamin A in the plant.
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7:38 - 7:43If you eat that rice, you can have
as much as vitamin A as possible, -
7:44 - 7:47but do you know vitamin A
is a fat soluble vitamin? -
7:47 - 7:51It's not just enough to have vitamin A,
but you also need to have enough fat, -
7:51 - 7:55but if you have enough fat in your food
you don't need golden rice. -
7:55 - 8:00In 2005, we came across
a farmer in Guntur, -
8:00 - 8:02who was cultivating Bt Bhendi.
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8:02 - 8:04We were shocked.
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8:04 - 8:05I said, "How did you get it?"
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8:05 - 8:07He said, "The company gave me the seeds."
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8:07 - 8:10We went to the company,
and they said, "We are doing a trial." -
8:10 - 8:11We went to the government.
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8:11 - 8:14The government said,
"Yeah, that's their seed." -
8:14 - 8:16They said, "You are not permitted."
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8:17 - 8:19It was taken off in 2005.
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8:20 - 8:242013, similarly we came across cotton,
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8:24 - 8:26herbicide-tolerant cotton which is grown.
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8:27 - 8:29No permissions.
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8:29 - 8:32In 2009, when Bt brinjal was permitted,
there was a public discussion. -
8:32 - 8:36It was the only time
there was a public discussion, -
8:36 - 8:39to introduce whether we need
a food or not, and it was banned. -
8:39 - 8:43Sometimes, some wise politicians
take better decisions. -
8:43 - 8:48But otherwise we would have
been flooded with GM foods. -
8:48 - 8:50Today there is case
pending in the supreme court, -
8:50 - 8:53there is an expert committee
appointed by the supreme court -
8:53 - 8:56which said, "We don't need this
for next the 10 years. Let's wait." -
8:56 - 9:00There's a parliamentary standing committee
which also said, "We don't need it." -
9:00 - 9:05But you don't know how they are
going to come into your plate. -
9:05 - 9:10Food is not only useful energy,
but also good for your health. -
9:10 - 9:13It can treat many of the diseases.
Food is a medicine. -
9:13 - 9:17It can act as preventive medicine,
and can also act as a curative medicine. -
9:17 - 9:22I know many people who are working on
treating autism with good food. -
9:23 - 9:24Many problems which you are seeing
-
9:24 - 9:30- obesity, diabetes, blood pressure -
all are because of the food which you eat. -
9:30 - 9:32You need to make a right choice
about your food. -
9:32 - 9:34Second: what food does to the environment.
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9:35 - 9:37Let's look at the ecological footprints.
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9:37 - 9:39How many of you have seen rice fields?
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9:39 - 9:40Almost all, right?
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9:40 - 9:43What comes to your mind
when we think of rice fields? -
9:43 - 9:45Full of water.
-
9:45 - 9:49How much water does it take
to produce an acre of rice? -
9:51 - 9:536 million liters.
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9:54 - 9:576 million liters per acre of rice.
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9:58 - 10:02Which is equal to 100 families
annual consumption. -
10:02 - 10:07One family of five members
eats about a kilogram of rice a day. -
10:07 - 10:12Which is equivalent to
a tanker of water: 180 showers. -
10:12 - 10:14All of us want to eat rice.
-
10:14 - 10:19You need more and more water
for the production of rice. -
10:19 - 10:21Let's make a making calculation:
-
10:21 - 10:26how much one meal of rice in Hyderabad
costs to the environment? -
10:27 - 10:29It's probably as big as a whole dam.
-
10:29 - 10:33We need to worry
about the ecological footprints. -
10:33 - 10:36It's not just about the water,
about pesticides, about growth hormone. -
10:36 - 10:38Everything.
-
10:38 - 10:41What agriculture leaves
before it comes to your plate? -
10:42 - 10:44And not just that.
What does it do to the farmers? -
10:44 - 10:48The more and more pesticides
you spray, insects get resistant. -
10:48 - 10:49They don't work.
-
10:50 - 10:52First time you spray,
second time you spray, -
10:52 - 10:54third time you spray,
fourth time you drink it. -
10:54 - 10:56That's what we have seen
all along, farmer suicides. -
10:56 - 11:00The fall out of such things
is increasing cost of cultivation, -
11:01 - 11:03but the prices are not increasing.
-
11:03 - 11:05Production costs for one kilogram of rice,
-
11:05 - 11:082,100 rupees
as per government calculations, -
11:08 - 11:11but today the price is
on 1,400 rupees for farmers. -
11:11 - 11:15Today a ton of sugarcane is 2,000 rupees.
-
11:15 - 11:17A ton of firewood is 4,000 rupees.
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11:18 - 11:20How can farmers live?
-
11:20 - 11:22The policies are also lopsided.
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11:24 - 11:28Today, the average income
of 83% of the farmers in this country -
11:28 - 11:31is only 5,000 rupees.
-
11:33 - 11:35So farmers have lost
their economic independence. -
11:35 - 11:38Not just economic independence,
but physical independence as well. -
11:38 - 11:41These are photographs which we have taken
-
11:41 - 11:43of farmers standing
in queue for fertilizers. -
11:43 - 11:45Standing in queue for seeds.
-
11:45 - 11:46Seeds which they can produce.
-
11:47 - 11:50Fertilizer which they can make
by composting, -
11:50 - 11:51but they are not subsidized.
-
11:51 - 11:54If you buy it in a market,
they are subsidized. -
11:54 - 11:56Lopsided policies from government.
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11:57 - 11:59All these lead to farmer suicides.
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11:59 - 12:04In last 20 years, 300,000 farmers
have committed suicide. -
12:04 - 12:05Every day about 48.
-
12:06 - 12:10What is the point about just discussing
the dark side of the picture? -
12:10 - 12:13How much and what can we do
to change the situation. -
12:13 - 12:17Some of us working in agriculture
at various institutions came together, -
12:17 - 12:21and we started an organization
called Center for Sustainable Agriculture, -
12:21 - 12:22in 2004.
-
12:22 - 12:26We started working with farmers,
telling them how they can move away -
12:26 - 12:29from the high external input
base agriculture -
12:29 - 12:32to low external input based agriculture.
-
12:32 - 12:34It was not easy,
-
12:34 - 12:37but what we found is across the country
there were wonderful experiences. -
12:37 - 12:41But all those experiences
were taught in ideological frameworks. -
12:41 - 12:43They don't talk to each other.
-
12:43 - 12:44There are good things and bad things,
-
12:44 - 12:47if they would discuss with each other
it would have been good, -
12:47 - 12:49but they never talk to each other.
-
12:49 - 12:51Mainstream institutions
never worried about them. -
12:51 - 12:54So we brought all the practices together,
-
12:54 - 12:57evolved what we called
sustainable agricultural practices. -
12:58 - 13:00The first success came in Kulukulla.
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13:01 - 13:04Kulukulla is village in Kamang district
which became completely pesticide free. -
13:04 - 13:08The village, which was spending
about 6 million per annum, -
13:08 - 13:10they completely stopped using pesticides.
-
13:10 - 13:11(Applause)
-
13:13 - 13:18The Agriculture minister came
and said, "Wonderful. What do you want?" -
13:19 - 13:24The farmers said, "Make
Andhra Pradesh pesticide free." -
13:25 - 13:28He was amazed. He said,
"Certainly I'll do. But what do you want?" -
13:28 - 13:32I said, "We are happy with what we have.
Just change all agricultural practices." -
13:32 - 13:37He brought all the scientists
of the department of agriculture together -
13:37 - 13:38to see and then make a change.
-
13:38 - 13:42They said, "Sir, this is one village.
We can't do it. It is not possible." -
13:42 - 13:43Then came Enabavi.
-
13:43 - 13:46This is about 80 kilometers from here,
completely organic village. -
13:47 - 13:48The last three years,
-
13:48 - 13:51more than 10,000 people
have visited the village -
13:51 - 13:53to know how they are doing farming.
-
13:53 - 13:56But this also has not changed
anything under government. -
13:56 - 13:58But consumers have changed.
-
13:58 - 14:00Many people have started
understanding what is good for them. -
14:00 - 14:04This is an advertisement
which is The Hindu uses for itself. -
14:04 - 14:06This is a village called Dorli.
-
14:06 - 14:09Dorli is in Vardha.
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14:09 - 14:12After Telangana, you hear
lots of suicides from Vardha. -
14:12 - 14:14In 2005, the village was put up for sale,
-
14:14 - 14:16farmers decided we can't do farming.
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14:16 - 14:18They put up village for sale.
-
14:18 - 14:22We went there in 2006 and said,
"Can we start working together?" -
14:22 - 14:25Today all of them have repaid their loans,
-
14:25 - 14:27all of them are back to farming.
-
14:27 - 14:28(Applause)
-
14:28 - 14:31It's possible. It's possible.
-
14:31 - 14:33All examples are in front of us.
-
14:33 - 14:34We also started working
-
14:34 - 14:37with the woman self-help groups
in Andhra Pradesh. -
14:37 - 14:39These are cover stories
of "Down To Earth" magazine, -
14:39 - 14:41which tracked the whole change.
-
14:41 - 14:44We started with 225 acres in 2005.
-
14:44 - 14:49Today its 3.5 million acres
in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana together, -
14:49 - 14:50pesticide free.
-
14:50 - 14:52(Applause)
-
14:52 - 14:5550% of use of pesticide
in the state has come down. -
14:57 - 15:01We were third in the country
in terms of per acre pesticide used, -
15:01 - 15:03today we are 20th in the country.
-
15:03 - 15:03(Applause)
-
15:03 - 15:07This was part of a show
on Satyamev Jayate, -
15:07 - 15:08some of you may have seen it.
-
15:08 - 15:10In this show we had
an interesting discussion. -
15:10 - 15:14The other side was the largest
pesticide seller in this country. -
15:14 - 15:17Towards the end Amir Khan asked me
a question, "I am fully convinced -
15:17 - 15:20with what you're saying
and what you're doing. -
15:20 - 15:21It is possible to do it India.
-
15:21 - 15:24But how do I convince
this man who is sitting here?" -
15:24 - 15:25I said, "Ask his brother,
-
15:25 - 15:28His brother is the largest
organic exporter in this country." -
15:28 - 15:29(Applause)
-
15:32 - 15:34And he said, "Yes."
-
15:34 - 15:37That shows that people see it as business.
-
15:37 - 15:41If pesticide sells, they sell pesticides,
if organic sells, they sell organic. -
15:42 - 15:45You buy pesticides
or other organic pesticides -
15:46 - 15:49or certificate from us saying
you haven't used any of these things. -
15:49 - 15:51Farmers are made into consumers.
-
15:52 - 15:53But what are our consumers doing?
-
15:53 - 15:55Then what we did is
-
15:55 - 15:57we brought some consumers
in Hyderabad together -
15:57 - 16:00to form a consumer cooperative
called Sahaja Aharam. -
16:00 - 16:04We also brought all farmers together
to form farmers cooperative, -
16:04 - 16:06so that they can market directly.
-
16:06 - 16:08Today we have 20 farmer cooperatives
-
16:08 - 16:12who produce organically
and directly sell in the market. -
16:12 - 16:15While many of you worry
about organic food prices, -
16:15 - 16:20the organic Sahaja Aharam prices
are 20% lower than the market prices, -
16:20 - 16:24and 75% of what the consumer pays
goes to the farmers. -
16:25 - 16:28In the regular market it is
just 20% which goes to the farmer. -
16:28 - 16:31(Applause)
-
16:32 - 16:34What do I see from here?
-
16:34 - 16:35I see a ray of hope.
-
16:35 - 16:37It's possible.
-
16:37 - 16:39If all of us can join hands together,
we can make a change. -
16:40 - 16:43But it's a long way to go
in terms of Government Policies. -
16:43 - 16:46Still there is a serious crisis
in agriculture. -
16:46 - 16:48Yesterday, you may have seen
about farmer's suicide. -
16:48 - 16:51Today, this morning's newspaper,
you may have seen. -
16:51 - 16:52Numbers of farmers are dying.
-
16:52 - 16:54It's a responsibility of all of us.
-
16:54 - 16:56Business as usual is not an option.
-
16:56 - 17:01We need to change as consumers,
we need change as farmers. -
17:01 - 17:05We all need to come together
to pressurize government -
17:05 - 17:06to make a change.
-
17:06 - 17:09Otherwise, the future is very, very bleak.
-
17:09 - 17:11Thank you.
-
17:11 - 17:12(Applause)
- Title:
- Poison on our plate | Ramanjaneyulu GV | TEDxHyderabad
- Description:
-
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community.
Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx
Is our food safe? A red alert question that Ramanjaneyulu, puts out to all of us. Hear him talk about the quality of food we are eating. Listen to the reasons we need to adapt to organic farming as a results of excessive use of chemical pesticides and to the horrifying facts and statistics, surrounding them. He alerts us to the damage we are doing to our ecological footprints. In his heart wrenching talk, Ramanjaneyulu, highlights the plight of farmers, the reasons they commit suicide and the many reasons that farmers and farming should not die.
"We are what we eat and plants give us what we feed." Ramanjaneyulu is waging a war against the use of pesticides in agricultural activities, and has challenged the traditional methods of farming. Apart from running the Centre for Sustainable Agriculture as the Executive Director, he also runs a small outlet, Sahaja Ahaaram, which stocks pest-free products from farmers. After leaving his full-time government job, Ramanjaneyulu dedicated himself to the benefit of farmers and his campaign, "India for Safe Food".
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 17:17
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Denise RQ edited English subtitles for Poison on our Plate | Ramanjaneyulu GV | TEDxHyderabad | |
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Denise RQ edited English subtitles for Poison on our Plate | Ramanjaneyulu GV | TEDxHyderabad |
Denise RQ
This talk has been updated on the 5th.06 with a new transcript by TED translators team: https://amara.org/es/videos/diffing/5530096/3231557/
I haven't got an email about these changes/edits, even if I follow the task.It's not the first time either.
I'd like to point out that the new transcript is totally out of sync. Can you please fix accordingly?
Many thanks,