Poison on our plate | Ramanjaneyulu GV | TEDxHyderabad

Is our food safe? A red alert question that Ramanjaneyulu, puts out to all of us. Hear him talk about the quality of food we are eating. Listen to the reasons we need to adapt to organic farming as a results of excessive use of chemical pesticides and horrifying facts and statistics, surrounding them. He alerts us to the damage we are doing to our ecological footprints. In his heart wrenching talk, Ramanjaneyulu, highlights the plight of farmers and the reasons they commit suicide and the many reasons that farmers and farming should not die.

“We are what we eat and plants give us what we feed.” He is waging a war against the use of pesticides in agricultural activities and has challenged the traditional methods of farming. Apart from running the Centre for Sustainable Agriculture as the Executive Director, he also runs a small outlet, Sahaja Ahaaram, which stocks pest-free products from farmers. After leaving his full-time government job, Ramanjaneyulu dedicated himself to the benefit of farmers and his campaign, ‘India for Safe Food’.

This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx

We are what we eat.

But how many of us know
what we are actually eating?

How many of us know

what food does to the environment
before it comes to our plate.

How many of you know

what food does to the farmer
who is producing that food?

Do you know? Have you ever thought?

How many of you think,
when you are eating food,

about the farmer who has produced it

or the fate of the farmer
who has produced it?

These are some of the questions

which grappled me
when I was studying agriculture.

While doing my Ph. D. in agriculture,

I had a choice.

Like every young boy in the 90's,

I was also crazy about getting
into Indian Civil Service.

I really understood
about the Indian economy

by reading for an exam.

Finally, by the time
I got into the services,

I was selected for Indian Revenue Service.

But I also had a choice of joining
as an Agricultural Research Scientist.

It was a tough choice.

I made my choice and joined
as an Agricultural Research Scientist.

I thought, I should continue
working with farmers.

(Applause)

But that didn't last long,
I'll come to that.

Before I come to that,
let's understand: what is our food?

What we are eating? How safe is our food?

All of you saw this news, some time ago.

Pesticides residues
in soft drinks and bottled water.

But forgotten the next day.

Have you ever thought

how pesticides residues got
into this bottled water or soft drinks?

If bottled water and soft drinks
had pesticide residues,

the water you used to make tea or coffee
also must be having.

But we never worry about it.

The news is short,
the next day we forget about it.

At least this must be in your memory:
noodles having heavy metals.

How many of you thought,

how did these heavy metals
reach the noodles?

If lead has to be added to the noodles,

probably lead is more costly
than the noodles.

Nobody will add it, but it came.
How did it come?

If ingredients used
to make noodles had the lead,

then the 'aata' which you used
to make your 'chapati'

also must be having.

Or the 'samosa' which you're eating
also must be having, right?

But we don't connect the dots.

Same is the story when we hear
about pesticide residues in vegetables.

You all get horrified,
but forget it in the evening.

We all think, if we buy food
at a good place,

or eat it in a good hotel, it's safe.

Food is only as safe as it is grown.

End of pipe solutions don't work.

The pesticides which are
used in agriculture,

less than 1% actually kills the insects,
99% gets into the water,

gets into the air,
and comes back into your food.

We look at it very casually.

Everything happening around us,
we look at it very casually.

I'll give you an example.

While having the lunch,
I saw people painting there.

What is that? Spray Paint.

Where does it go?

Part of it goes onto the board,
part of it into the air.

You were all eating there.
It comes there.

We are all educated,
we feel we can make connections.

We never make them.

We expect that the farmer
will make those connections

and produce safe food for all of us.

I think that's there is a disconnect

between what we observe,
what we know, and how we act.

It is a serious problem.

It's not only about the pesticides.

Do you know the eggs
that you buy in the market,

what kind of eggs are you buying?

They are half cloyed eggs.

Half cloyed means they are produced
without male and female meeting together.

That's why if you hatch the eggs,
they won't make chickens.

But how they are produced?
They are produced by using estrogens.

And what happens to those estrogens?

When you eat those eggs
they'll come back to you.

That's one reason today
the puberty in girls has advanced.

Gynecological problems
in women have increased.

Breast development in men has increased.

Last year's India Today's survey shows

that the largest number
of plastic surgeries done in India

are to remove breasts in men.

You got into the situation where fruit,
which is supposed to be healthy,

is creating all these problems.

It's not just the pesticides,
or antibiotics, or growth hormones

which are used in production,
but also how they are processed.

You might have heard, last week,
10 days, doing rounds in all the media:

artificially ripened fruits.

But why are fruits ripened artificially?

If all of you want
to eat fruits in off-season:

how do they do it?

If you want mangoes in May,
how do you get mangoes?

You have to cut unripened one's,
ripen it artificially, and sell it.

Banana's which look uniformed yellow.

What are they?
They are all carbon ripened.

The apples, the shiny apples
which you see:

What are they?
When were they produced?

Where were they produced?
Do you know?

California apples,
you get apples from California.

Can you keep it fresh?
They are coated with wax.

Go back to your home,
take an apple from your fridge.

Just scratch it. You'll see the wax.

We are eating all that.

The watermelons which are red in color,

they are injected with injections, color.

They are injected with growth hormones.

The milk which is sold,

we have seen in news
of the last several years,

the reports say, "The milk
is contaminated with synthetic milk."

If you want to have milk
at 40 rupees a liter, that's what you get.

We want food cheaper,

and there is competition
between the companies.

They pay low prices to the farmers.

They also contaminate it
and then get away with that.

All brands of milk sold in Hyderabad,

is prone to have been
contaminated with synthetic milk.

GM Foods.

How many of you know about this?
How many of you have heard about this?

BT Brinjal. To tell you simply,
what BT Brinjal is?

When pesticide is sprayed from outside,
it damages the environment.

Like I said, 99% goes into the environment
only 1% kills the insect.

So scientist thought, why not
we produce pesticide in the plant itself.

So the plant produces insecticides,

so that whichever insect
eats the plant will die.

But what happens to us?
Who eats that?

So there are several bio safety questions
in front of us which were never addressed.

What you see here, yellow, white,
golden rice, which is going to come soon.

Do you know why it was done?

They say, vitamin A deficiency
is a serious problem,

so we will produce
vitamin A in the plant.

If you eat that rice, you can have
as much as vitamin A as possible,

but do you know vitamin A
is a fat soluble vitamin?

So it's not just enough to have vitamin A,
but you also need to have enough fat,

but if you have enough fat in your food
you don't need golden rice.

In 2005 we came across a farmer in Guntur,

who was cultivating BT Bhendi.

We were shocked.

I said, "How did you get it?"

He said, "The company gave me the seeds."

We went to the company,
and they said, "We are doing a trial."

We went to the government.

The government said,"Yeah, that is seen."

They said, "You are not permitted."

It was taken off in 2005.

2013, similarly we came across a cotton.

Kerbside tolerant cotton which is grown.

No permissions.

In 2009, when BT brinjal was permitted,
there was a public discussion.

but it was the only time
there was a public discussion,

to introduce whether we need
a food or not, and it was banned.

Sometimes, some wise politicians
take better decisions.

But otherwise we would have
been flooded with GM foods.

Today there is case
pending in Supreme Court,

there is an expert committee
appointed by Supreme Court

which said, "We don't need this
for next 10 years. Let's wait."

There is a parliamental standing committee

which was appointed,
it also said, "We don't need."

But you don't know how they are
going to come into your plate.

Food is not only useful energy
but also good for your health.

It can treat many of the diseases.
Food is a medicine.

It can act as preventive medicine,
and can also act as a curative medicine.

I know many people who are working on
treating autism with good food.

Many of the problem which you are seeing

- obesity, diabetes, blood pressure -
all are because of the food which you eat.

You need to make a right choice
about your food.

Second: what food does to the environment.

Let's look at the ecological footprints.

How many of you have seen rice fields?

Almost all, right?

What comes to your mind
when we think of rice fields?

Full of water.

How much water does it take
to produce an acre of rice?

6 million liters.

6 million liters per acre of rice.

Which is equal to 100 families
annual consumption.

One family of five members
eats about a kilogram of rice a day.

Which is equivalent to
a tanker of water: 180 showers.

All of us want to eat rice;

more and more water
you need in production of rice.

Let's make a making calculation:

how much one meal of rice in Hyderabad
costs to the environment?

It's probably as big as, all over a dam.

We need to worry
about the ecological footprints.

It's not just about the water,
about pesticides, about growth hormone.

Everything.

What agriculture leaves
before it comes to you plate?

Not just that.
What it does to farmers?

The more and more pesticides
you spray, insects get resistance.

They don't work.

First time you spray,
second time you spray,

third time you spray,
fifth time you drink it.

That's what we have seen
all along, farmer suicides.

The fall out of such things
is increasing cost of cultivation,

but the prices are not increasing.

Production costs for one kilogram of rice,
Rs. 2.100 as per government calculations.

But today the price
is on 1.400 for farmers.

Today a ton of sugarcane is Rs. 2.000.

A ton of firewood is Rs. 4.000.

How can farmers live?

The policies are also lop sided.

Today. the average income
of 83% of the farmers in this country

is only Rs. 5.000.

So farmers have lost
their economic independence.

Not just economic independence,
physical independence as well.

These are photographs wich we have taken

of farmers standing
in queue for fertilizers.

Standing in queue for seeds.

Seeds which they can produce.

Fertilizer which they
can make by composting,

but they are not subsidized.

If you buy it in a market,
they are subsidized.

Lopsided policies from government.

All these lead to farmer suicides.

In last 20 years 300,000 farmers
have committed suicide.

Every day about 48.

What is the point about just discussing
the dark side of the picture?

How much and what can we do
to change the situation.

Some of us were working in agriculture.

Various institution came together,

and we started an organization
called Center for Sustainable Agriculture,

in 2004.

We started working with farmers,
telling them how they can move away

from the high external input
base agriculture

to low external input based agriculture.

It was not easy,

but what we found is across the country
there were wonderful experiences.

But all those experiences were thought
in ideological frameworks.

They don't talk to each other.

There are good things and bad things,

if they would discuss with each other
it would have been good,

but they never talk to each other.

Mainstream institutions
never worried about them.

So we brought all the practices together,

evolved what we called
sustainable agricultural practices.

The first success came in Kulukulla.

Kulukulla is village in Kamang district
which became completely pesticide free.

The village, which was spending
about 6 million per annum,

they completely stopped using pesticides.

(Applause)

The Agriculture minister came
and said, "Wonderful. What do you want?"

The farmers said, "Make
Andhra Pradesh pesticide free."

He was amazed. He said,
"Certainly I'll do. But what do you want?"

I said,"We are happy with what we have.
Just change all agricultural practices."

He brought all
agriculture university scientists of

department of agriculture together to see
and then make a change.

They said,"Sir, this is one village
we can't do it. It's not possible."

Then came Enabavi this is 80 km from here,
compeltely organic village.

The last three years over 10000 people
have visited the village to know

"How they are doing farming?"

"But this has also not changed anything
under government."

But consumers have changed.

Many people have started understanding
what is good for them.

This is an advertisement
which is The Hindu uses for itself.

This is the village called Dorli.

Dorli is in Vardha. After Telanagana,
you hear lots of suicide from Vardha.

In 2005 the village was put up for sale.
Farmers decided, we can't do farming.

They put up village for sale.

We went there in 2006 and said
"Can we start working together?"

Today all of them have repaid their loans.

All of them are back to farming.

(Applause)

It's possible. It's possible.
It's possible.

All examples are in front of us.

We also side by side worked with
woman self fill groups in Andhra Pradesh.

These are cover stories of "Down To Earth"
magazine which tracked the whole change.

We started with 225 acres in 2005.

Today its 35,00,000 acre in Andhra Pradesh
and Telangana together pesticide free.

(Applause)

50% use of pesticide
in state has come down.

We were 3rd in country
in terms of pesticide used

today we are 20th in the country.

(Applause)

This was part of a show on Satyamev Jayate

some of you might have seen.

In this show we had interesting discussion

On the other side was person
who was largest pesticide seller in country

Towards end Amir Khan asked me a question,

"I am fully convienced with
what you're saying and what you're doing

It is possible to do it India. But how to
convince man who is sitting here?

I said ask his brother, His brother is
largest organic exporter in this country.

(Applause)

And he said, "Yes."

That shows people see it as business.

If they sell pesticide, will sell pesticide
if they sell organic, will sell organic.

You buy pesticides or
our organic pesticides

or certificate from us, saying
"you haven't used any of these things."

Farmers are made into consumers.

But what our consumers are doing?

Then what we did is we brought
some consumers in Hyderabad together

to form a consumer cooperative called
Sahaja Aharam.

We also brought all farmers together
to form farmers cooperative

So that they can market directly.

Today we've 20 farmer cooperatives

who produce organically
and directly sell in the market.

While many of you worry about
organic food prices.

The oraganic Sahaja Aharam prices are
20% lower than the market prices.

And 75% of what consumer pays go to farmer.

In the regular market just 20%
which goes to farmer.

(Applause)

What do I see from here?

I see a ray of hope.

It's possible.

If all of us can join together
we can make a change.

But it's long way to go
in terms of Government Policies.

Still there is serious crisis in agricuture.

Yesterday you might have seen
about farmer's suicide.

Today mornings newspaper,
you might have seen.

Number of farmers are dying.

It's a responsibility of all of us.

Business as usual is not an option.

We need to change as consumers
we need change as farmers

We all need to come together
to pressurize government

to make a change.

Otherwise, the future is very very glee.

Thank you.

(Applause)