A new way to stop identity theft

So I want to talk about identity.

That's sort of an
interesting enough topic to me.

And the reason was,
because when I was asked to do this,

I'd just read, in one of the papers,
I can't remember,

something from someone at Facebook
saying, well,

we need to make everybody
use their real names

and then that's basically
all the problems solved.

And that's so wrong,

that's such a fundamentally,
reactionary view of identity,

and it's going to get us
into all sorts of trouble.

And so what I thought I'd do

is I'd explain four
sort of problems about it,

and then I'll suggest a solution,

which hopefully you
might find interesting.

So just to frame the problem,

what does authenticity mean?

That's me, that's
a camera phone picture of me

looking at a painting.

[What's the Problem?
Just use "real names"]

[for an "authentic" web]

That's a painting that was painted
by a very famous forger,

and because I'm not very good
at presentations,

I already can't remember the name
that I wrote on my card.

And he was incarcerated
in, I think, Wakefield Prison

for forging masterpieces by,
I think, French Impressionists.

And he's so good at it,
that when he was in prison,

everybody in prison,
the governor and whatever,

wants him to paint masterpieces
to put on the walls,

because they were so good.

And so that's a masterpiece,

which is a fake of a masterpiece,

and bonded into the canvas is a chip
which identifies that as a real fake,

if you see what I mean.
[Laughter]

So when we're talking about authenticity,

it's a little more fractal than it appears
and that's a good example to show it.

I tried to pick four problems
that will frame the issue properly.

So the first problem, I thought,

[Chip and PIN]
Chip and PIN, right?

[Banking legacies
Bringing down the system from within]

[Offline solutions
do not work online]

Everyone's got
a chip and PIN card,

I'm guessing everyone's got
a chip and PIN card, right?

So why is that a good example?

That's the example of how
legacy thinking about identity

subverts the security
of a well-constructed system.

That chip and PIN card
that's in your pocket

has a little chip on it
that cost millions of pounds to develop,

is extremely secure,

you can put scanning
electron microscopes on it,

you can try and grind it down,
blah blah blah.

Those chips have never been broken,
whatever you read in the paper.

And for a joke,
we take that super-secure chip

and we bond it to a trivially
counterfeitable magnetic stripe

and for very lazy criminals,
we still emboss the card.

So if you're a criminal in a hurry,
and you need to copy someone's card,

you can just stick a piece of paper on it
and rub a pencil over it

just to sort of speed things up.

And even more amusingly,
and on my debit card too,

we print the name and the SALT code
and everything else on the front too.

Why?

There is no earthly reason why your name
is printed on a chip and PIN card.

And if you think about it,

it's even more insidious and perverse
that it seems at first.

Because the only people that benefit

from having the name
on the card are criminals.

You know what your name is, right?

[Laughter]

And when you go into a shop
and buy something,

they don't care.

It's a PIN, he doesn't care
what the name is.

The only place where you ever have
to write your name on the back

is in America at the moment.

Whenever I go to America,

and I have to pay with a mag stripe
on the back of the card,

I always sign it Carlos Tethers anyway,

just as a security mechanism,

because I just figure
if a transaction ever gets disputed,

and it comes back and
it says Dave Birch,

I know it must have been a criminal,

because I would never sign it Dave Birch.

So if you drop your card in the street,

it means a criminal
can pick it up and read it.

They know the name,
from the name they can find the address

and then they can go off
and buy stuff online.

Why do we put the name on the card?

Because we think identity
is something to do with names,

and because we're rooted
in the idea of the identity card,

which obsesses us.

And I know it crashed and burned
a couple of years ago,

but if you're someone in politics
or the home office or whatever,

and you think about identity,

you can only think of identity
in terms of cards with names on them.

And that's very subversive
in a modern world.

So the second example I thought I'd use

is chatrooms.

[Chatrooms and Children
Don't do as I do, do as I say]

[Online privacy and offline privacy
are different]

I'm very proud of that picture,
that's my son

playing in his band with his friends
for the first-ever gig,

I believe you call it, where he got paid.

[Laughter]

And I love that picture.

I like the picture of him
getting into medical school a lot better,

[Laughter]

but I like that picture for the moment.

Why do I use that picture?

Because that was very interesting,
watching that experience,

as an old person,

was a very interesting experience to me.

So him and his friends,

they get together, they booked a room,
like a church hall,

and they got all their friends
who had bands,

and they got them together,

and they do it all on Facebook,

and then they sell tickets,
and the first band on the -

I was going to say "menu,"
that's probably the wrong word for it,

isn't it?

The first band on the list of bands

that appears at some
public music performance of some kind

gets the sales of the first 20 tickets,

and the next band gets the next 20,

and so on.

They were at the bottom of the menu,

they were like fifth,
I thought they had no chance.

He actually got 20 quid.
Fantastic, right?

But my point is, that all worked perfectly

except on the web.

So they're sitting on Facebook,

and they're sending these messages
and arranging things

and they don't know who anybody is.

That's the big problem
we're trying to solve.

If only they were using the real names,

Then you wouldn't be worried
about them on the internet.

And so when he says to me,

oh, I want to go to a chatroom
to talk about guitars or something,

I'm like, oh, well,
I don't want you to go into a chatroom

to talk about guitars, because
they might not all be your friends,

and some of the people
that are in the chatroom

might be perverts and teachers
and vicars.

[Laughter]

I mean, they generally are,
when you look in the paper, right?

So I want to know
who the people in the chatroom are.

So okay, you can go in the chatroom,

but only if everybody in the chatroom
is using their real names,

and they submit full copies
of their police report.

But of course, if anybody
in the chatroom asked for his real name,

I'd say no.
You can't give them your real name.

Because what happens
if they turn out to be perverts,

and teachers and whatever,

So you have this odd sort of paradox,

where I'm happy for him
to go into this space

if I know who everybody else is,

but I don't want anybody else
to know who he is.

And so you get
this sort of logjam around identity

where you want full disclosure
from everybody else,

but not from yourself.

And there's no progress, we get stuck.

And so the chatroom thing
doesn't work properly,

and it's a very bad way
of thinking about identity.

So on my RSS feed,
I saw this thing about -

I just said something bad
about my RSS feed, didn't I?

I should stop saying it like that.

[Cheerleaders and Clubs
Age and attitude]

[Let's not panic
The power of subgroups]

For some random reason
I can't imagine,

something about cheerleaders
turned up in my inbox.

And I read this story about cheerleaders,

and it's a fascinating story.

This happened a couple of years ago
in the U.S.

There were some cheerleaders
in a team in a high school

in the U.S., and they said mean things

about their cheerleading coach,

as I'm sure kids do
about all of their teachers

all of the time,

and somehow the cheerleading coach
found out about this.

She was very upset.

And so she went to one of the girls,
and said,

you have to give me
your Facebook password.

I read this all the time,
even at some universities,

and places of education,

kids are forced to hand over
their Facebook passwords.

So you've got o give them
your Facebook password.

And so the kids -
she was a kid.

What she should have said

is my lawyer will be calling you
first thing in the morning.

It's an outrageous imposition

on my 4th Amendment right
to privacy,

and you're going to be sued
for all the money you've got.

That's what she should have said.

But she's a kid,
so she hands over the password.

The teacher can't log into Facebook,

because the school
has blocked access to Facebook.

So the teacher can't log into Facebook
until she gets home.

So the girl tells her friends,

guess what happened.

So the girls just all logged into Facebook
on their phones,

and deleted their profiles.

And so when the teacher logged in,
there was nothing there.

My point is, those identities,
they don't think about them the same way.

Identity is, especially when
you're a teenager, a fluid thing.

You have lots of identities.

And you can have an identity,
you don't like it,

because it's subverted in some way,
or it's insecure, or it's inappropriate,

you just delete it and get another one.

The idea that you have an identity
that's given to you by someone,

the government or whatever,

and you have to stick with that identity
and use it in all places,

that's absolutely wrong.

Why would you want to really know
who someone was on Facebook,

unless you wanted to abuse them
and harass them in some way?

And it just doesn't work properly.

And my fourth example is
there are some cases

where you really want to be -

In case you're wondering,
that's me at the G20 protest.

I wasn't actually at the G20 protest,
but I had a meeting at a bank,

on the day of the G20 protest,
and I got an email from the bank

saying please don't wear a suit,
because it'll inflame the protestors.

I look pretty good in a suit, frankly,

so you can see why
it would drive them

into an anti-capitalist frenzy.

[Laughter]

So I thought, well, look.

If I don't want to inflame the protestors,

the obvious thing to do
is go dressed as a protestor.

So I went dressed completely in black,

You know, with a black [inaudible],
I had black gloves on,

but I've taken them off
to sign the visitor's book.

[What, Who, and Whistleblowers
Whistleblowers and credentials]

[I must know what you are,
not who you are]

(Laughter)

I'm wearing black trousers,
black boots,

I'm dressed completely in black.

I go into the bank at 10 o'clock,

go, oh hi, I'm Dave Birch,

I've got a 3 o'clock with [inaudible].

Sure. And they signed me in.

(Laughter)

So this nonsense

about you've got to have real names
on Facebook or whatever,

that gets you that kind of security.

That gets you security theater,
where there's no actual security,

but people are sort of playing parts
in a play about security.

And as long as
everybody learns their lines,

everyone's happy.

But it's not real security.

Especially because I hate banks
more than the G20 protestors do,

because I work for them.

I know that things are actually worse
than these guys think.

(Laughter)

But suppose I worked
next to sombody in a bank

who was doing something.

Suppose I was sitting
next to a rogue trader,

and I want to report it
to the boss of the bank.

So I log on to do
a little bit of whistleblowing.

I send a message,
this guy's a rogue trader.

That message is meaningless

if you don't know
that I'm a trader at the bank.

If that message just comes from anybody,

it has zero information value.

There's no point in sending that message.

You have to know.

But if I have to prove who I am,

I'll never send that message.

It's just like the nurse in the hospital
reporting the drunk surgeon.

That message will only happen
if I'm anonymous.

So the system has to have ways
of providing anonymity there,

otherwise we don't get
where we want to get to.

So four issues.
So what are we going to do about it?

Well, what we tend to do about it

is we think about Orwell space.

We try to make electronic versions

of the identity card
that we got rid of in 1953.

[The Old Paradigm
Can't resolve in Orwell space]\

[But Orwell is a paradigm
for government and its critics]

So we think if we had a card,

call it a Facebook login,

which proves who you are,

and I make you carry it all the time,

that solves the problem.

And of course, for all those reasons
I just outlined,

it doesn't, and it might actually make
some problems worse.

The more times you're forced
to use your real identity,

in transactional terms,

the more likely that identity
is to get stolen and subverted.

The goal is to stop people
from using identity

in transactions which don't need identity,

which is actually almost all transactions.

Almost all of the transactions you do

are not, who are you?

They're, are you allowed
to drive the car,

are you allowed in the building,

are you over 18,

etcetera, etcetera.

So my suggestion- I, like James,

think that there should be
a resurgence of interest in R & D.

I think this is a solvable problem.

It's something we can do about.

Naturally, in these circumstances,

I turn to Doctor Who.

Because in this,

as in so many other walks of life,

Doctor Who has already shown
us the answer.

So I should say,

for some of our foreign visitors,

Doctor Who is the greatest
living scientist in England,

(Laughter)

and a beacon of truth and enlightenment
to all of us.

[The New Paradigm
Doctor Who and the "psychic paper"]

And this is Doctor Who
with his psychic paper.

You're not nerds if you say yes.

Who's seen Doctor Who's psychic paper?

Oh right, you were in the library
the whole time studying I guess.

Is that what you're going to tell us?

Doctor Who's psychic paper

is when you hold up the psychic paper,

the person, in their brain,

sees the thing that they need to see.

So I want to show you a British passport,

I hold up the psychic paper,

you see a British passport.

I want to get into a party,

I hold up the psychic paper,

I show you a party invitation.

You see what you want to see.

So what I'm saying is we need
to make an electronic version of that,

but with one tiny, tiny change,

which is that it'll only show you
the British passport

if I've actually got one.

It'll only show you the party invitation

if I actually have one.

It will only show you that I'm over 18
if I actually am over 18.

But nothing else.

So you're the bouncer at the pub,
you need to know that I'm over 18,

instead of showing you my driving license,

which shows you that I know haw to drive,

what my name is, my address,
all these kind of things,

I show you my psychic paper,

and all it tells you is
am I over 18 or not.

Right.

Is that just a pipe dream?

Of course not, or else
I wouldn't be here talking to you.

So in order to build that
and make it work,

I'm only going to name these things,
I'll not go into them,

we need a plan,

[A Plan
Let's build a Psychic ID infrastructure]

which is we're going to build this

as an infrastructure
for everybody to use,

to solve all of these problems.

We're going to make a utility,

the utility has to be universal,

you can use it everywhere,

I'm just giving you little flashes
of the technology

as we go along.

[Utility: Universal]

[What if identity isn't
a particular product or service]

[but a (regulated) utility
that works in both "first life"]

[and in "second life"]

That's a Japanese ATM,

the fingerprint template
is stored inside the mobile phone.

So when you want to draw money out,

you put the mobile phone on the ATM,

and touch your finger,

your fingerprint goes through
to the phone,

the phone says yes, that's whoever,

and the ATM then gives you some money.

So it has to be a utility
that can use it,

that you can use everywhere.

[Utility: Convenience]

[Speed is of the essence,
and now we have contactless and NFC]

[we can deliver it to make
identity work properly]

[without getting in the way]

It has to be absolutely convenient,

that's me going into the pub.

All the device on the door of the pub is,

is this person over 18
and not barred from the pub?

And so the idea is,
you touch your ID card to the door,

and if I am allowed in,
it shows my picture,

if I'm not allowwed in,
it shows a red cross.

It doesn't disclose any other information.

It has to have no special gadgets.

[Utility: No Special Gadgets!]

That can only mean one thing,

following on from Ross's statement,

which I agree with completely.

If it means no special gadgets,

it has to run on a mobile phone.

That's the only choice we have,

we have to make it work on mobile phones.

There are 6.6 billion
mobile phone subscriptions.

My favorite statistic of all time,

only 4 billion toothbrushes in the world.

That means something,
I don't know what.

(Laughter)

I rely on our futurologists to tell me.

It has to be a utility which is extensible.

[Utility: Extensibility]

[People should be able
to build new businesses]

[using the identity utility
without special permissions or licenses,]

[it should be like broadband or electricity]

So it has to be something

that anybody could build on.

Anybody should be able
to use this infrastructure,

you don't need permissions,
licenses, whatever,

anybody should be able
to write some code to do this.

You know what symmetry is,

so you don't need a picture of it.

This is how we're going to do it.

We're going to do it using phones,

and we're going to do it using mobile proximity.

I'm going to suggest to you

the technology to implement
Doctor Who's psychic paper

is already here, and if any of you

have got one of the new
Barclay's debit cards

with the contactless interface on it,

you've already got that technology.

If you've ever been up to the big city,

and used an Oyster card at all,

does that ring any bells to anybody?

The technology already exists.

The first phones that have
the technology built in,

the Google Nexus, the X2,
the Samsung Wifi 7.9,

the first phones that have
got this technology built into them

are already in the shops.

So the idea that the gas man
can turn up at my mom's door

and he can show my mom his phone,

and she can tap it with her phone,

and it will come up with green
if he really is from British Gas

and allowed in,

and it'll come up with red if he isn't,
end of story.

We have the technology to do that.

And what's more,

although some of those things
sounded a bit counter-intuitive,

like proving I'm over 18
without proving who I am,

the cryptography to do that not only exists,

it's extremely well-known
and well-understood.

Digital signatures, the blinding
of public key certificates,

these technologies have been around
for a while,

we've just had no way of packaging them up.

So the technology already exists.

We know it works,

There are a few examples
of the technology being used

in experimental places.

That's London Fashion Week,

where we built a system with O2,

that's for the Wireless Festival
in Hyde Park,

you can see the persons

walking in with their VIP band,

it's just being checked

by the Nokia phone
that's reading the band.

I'm only putting those up to show you

these things are prosaic,
this stuff works in these environments.

They don't need to be special.

So finally, I know that you can do this,

Because if you saw
the episode of Doctor Who,

the Easter special of Doctor Who,

[Life on Mars
Dr. Who and the "psychic paper"]

where he went to Mars in a bus,

I should say again
for our foreign students,

that doesn't happen every episode.

This was a very special case.

So in the episode where
he goes to Mars in a London bus,

I can't show you the clip,

due to the outrageous restrictions
of Queen Anne-style copyright

by the BBC,

but in the episode
where he goes to Mars in a London bus,

Doctor Who is clearly shown
getting on to the bus

with the Oyster card reader

using his psychic paper.

Which proves that psychic paper

has an MSE interface.

Thank you very much.