9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So I want to talk about identity. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's sort of an[br]interesting enough topic to me. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And the reason was, [br]because when I was asked to do this, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'd just read, in one of the papers,[br]I can't remember, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 something from someone at Facebook[br]saying, well, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we need to make everybody[br]use their real names 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and then that's basically[br]all the problems solved. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And that's so wrong, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that's such a fundamentally,[br]reactionary view of identity, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and it's going to get us[br]into all sorts of trouble. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so what I thought I'd do[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is I'd explain four[br]sort of problems about it, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and then I'll suggest a solution, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which hopefully you [br]might find interesting. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So just to frame the problem, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 what does authenticity mean? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's me, that's[br]a camera phone picture of me 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 looking at a painting. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [What's the Problem?[br]Just use "real names"] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [for an "authentic" web] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's a painting that was painted [br]by a very famous forger, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and because I'm not very good [br]at presentations, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I already can't remember the name[br]that I wrote on my card. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And he was incarcerated [br]in, I think, Wakefield Prison 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 for forging masterpieces by,[br]I think, French Impressionists. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And he's so good at it,[br]that when he was in prison, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 everybody in prison,[br]the governor and whatever, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 wants him to paint masterpieces[br]to put on the walls, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because they were so good. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so that's a masterpiece,[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which is a fake of a masterpiece, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and bonded into the canvas is a chip[br]which identifies that as a real fake, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 if you see what I mean.[br][Laughter] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So when we're talking about authenticity, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it's a little more fractal than it appears[br]and that's a good example to show it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I tried to pick four problems [br]that will frame the issue properly. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So the first problem, I thought, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Chip and PIN][br]Chip and PIN, right? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Banking legacies[br]Bringing down the system from within] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Offline solutions[br]do not work online] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Everyone's got [br]a chip and PIN card, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm guessing everyone's got[br]a chip and PIN card, right? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So why is that a good example? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's the example of how [br]legacy thinking about identity 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 subverts the security[br]of a well-constructed system. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That chip and PIN card [br]that's in your pocket 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 has a little chip on it[br]that cost millions of pounds to develop, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is extremely secure, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you can put scanning[br]electron microscopes on it, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you can try and grind it down,[br]blah blah blah. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Those chips have never been broken,[br]whatever you read in the paper. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And for a joke,[br]we take that super-secure chip 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we bond it to a trivially [br]counterfeitable magnetic stripe 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and for very lazy criminals,[br]we still emboss the card. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So if you're a criminal in a hurry, [br]and you need to copy someone's card, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you can just stick a piece of paper on it[br]and rub a pencil over it 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 just to sort of speed things up. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And even more amusingly,[br]and on my debit card too, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we print the name and the SALT code [br]and everything else on the front too. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Why? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There is no earthly reason why your name[br]is printed on a chip and PIN card. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And if you think about it, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it's even more insidious and perverse[br]that it seems at first. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Because the only people that benefit 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 from having the name [br]on the card are criminals. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You know what your name is, right? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Laughter] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And when you go into a shop [br]and buy something, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 they don't care. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's a PIN, he doesn't care [br]what the name is. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The only place where you ever have[br]to write your name on the back 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is in America at the moment. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Whenever I go to America, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and I have to pay with a mag stripe[br]on the back of the card, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I always sign it Carlos Tethers anyway, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 just as a security mechanism, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because I just figure [br]if a transaction ever gets disputed, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and it comes back and [br]it says Dave Birch, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I know it must have been a criminal, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because I would never sign it Dave Birch. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So if you drop your card in the street, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it means a criminal [br]can pick it up and read it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They know the name,[br]from the name they can find the address 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and then they can go off [br]and buy stuff online. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Why do we put the name on the card? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Because we think identity [br]is something to do with names, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and because we're rooted[br]in the idea of the identity card, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which obsesses us.[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And I know it crashed and burned[br]a couple of years ago, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but if you're someone in politics [br]or the home office or whatever, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and you think about identity, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you can only think of identity[br]in terms of cards with names on them. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And that's very subversive[br]in a modern world. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So the second example I thought I'd use 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is chatrooms. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Chatrooms and Children[br]Don't do as I do, do as I say] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Online privacy and offline privacy[br]are different] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm very proud of that picture,[br]that's my son 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 playing in his band with his friends[br]for the first-ever gig, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I believe you call it, where he got paid. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Laughter] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And I love that picture. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I like the picture of him[br]getting into medical school a lot better, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Laughter] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but I like that picture for the moment. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Why do I use that picture? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Because that was very interesting, [br]watching that experience, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 as an old person, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 was a very interesting experience to me. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So him and his friends, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 they get together, they booked a room,[br]like a church hall, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and they got all their friends[br]who had bands, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and they got them together, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and they do it all on Facebook, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and then they sell tickets,[br]and the first band on the - 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I was going to say "menu,"[br]that's probably the wrong word for it, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 isn't it? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The first band on the list of bands[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that appears at some [br]public music performance of some kind 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 gets the sales of the first 20 tickets, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and the next band gets the next 20, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and so on. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They were at the bottom of the menu, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 they were like fifth,[br]I thought they had no chance. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He actually got 20 quid.[br]Fantastic, right? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But my point is, that all worked perfectly 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 except on the web. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So they're sitting on Facebook, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and they're sending these messages[br]and arranging things 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and they don't know who anybody is. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's the big problem [br]we're trying to solve. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If only they were using the real names, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Then you wouldn't be worried [br]about them on the internet. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so when he says to me, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 oh, I want to go to a chatroom[br]to talk about guitars or something, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm like, oh, well,[br]I don't want you to go into a chatroom 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to talk about guitars, because [br]they might not all be your friends, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and some of the people [br]that are in the chatroom 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 might be perverts and teachers[br]and vicars. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Laughter] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I mean, they generally are,[br]when you look in the paper, right? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So I want to know[br]who the people in the chatroom are. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So okay, you can go in the chatroom, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but only if everybody in the chatroom[br]is using their real names, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and they submit full copies[br]of their police report. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But of course, if anybody [br]in the chatroom asked for his real name, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'd say no. [br]You can't give them your real name. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Because what happens[br]if they turn out to be perverts, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and teachers and whatever, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So you have this odd sort of paradox, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 where I'm happy for him[br]to go into this space 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 if I know who everybody else is, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but I don't want anybody else[br]to know who he is. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so you get [br]this sort of logjam around identity 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 where you want full disclosure[br]from everybody else, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but not from yourself. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And there's no progress, we get stuck. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so the chatroom thing [br]doesn't work properly, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and it's a very bad way [br]of thinking about identity. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So on my RSS feed, [br]I saw this thing about - 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I just said something bad [br]about my RSS feed, didn't I? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I should stop saying it like that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Cheerleaders and Clubs[br]Age and attitude] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Let's not panic[br]The power of subgroups] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 For some random reason[br]I can't imagine, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 something about cheerleaders[br]turned up in my inbox. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And I read this story about cheerleaders, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and it's a fascinating story. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This happened a couple of years ago[br]in the U.S. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There were some cheerleaders[br]in a team in a high school 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in the U.S., and they said mean things 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 about their cheerleading coach, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 as I'm sure kids do[br]about all of their teachers 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 all of the time, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and somehow the cheerleading coach[br]found out about this. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 She was very upset. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so she went to one of the girls,[br]and said, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you have to give me[br]your Facebook password. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I read this all the time,[br]even at some universities, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and places of education, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 kids are forced to hand over [br]their Facebook passwords. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So you've got o give them [br]your Facebook password. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so the kids -[br]she was a kid. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What she should have said 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is my lawyer will be calling you[br]first thing in the morning. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's an outrageous imposition 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 on my 4th Amendment right[br]to privacy,[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and you're going to be sued[br]for all the money you've got. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's what she should have said. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But she's a kid,[br]so she hands over the password. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The teacher can't log into Facebook, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because the school [br]has blocked access to Facebook. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So the teacher can't log into Facebook[br]until she gets home. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So the girl tells her friends, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 guess what happened. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So the girls just all logged into Facebook[br]on their phones, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and deleted their profiles. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so when the teacher logged in,[br]there was nothing there. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 My point is, those identities,[br]they don't think about them the same way. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Identity is, especially when [br]you're a teenager, a fluid thing. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You have lots of identities. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And you can have an identity,[br]you don't like it, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because it's subverted in some way,[br]or it's insecure, or it's inappropriate, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you just delete it and get another one. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The idea that you have an identity[br]that's given to you by someone, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the government or whatever, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and you have to stick with that identity[br]and use it in all places, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that's absolutely wrong. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Why would you want to really know[br]who someone was on Facebook, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 unless you wanted to abuse them [br]and harass them in some way? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And it just doesn't work properly. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And my fourth example is[br]there are some cases 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 where you really want to be - 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In case you're wondering, [br]that's me at the G20 protest. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I wasn't actually at the G20 protest,[br]but I had a meeting at a bank, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 on the day of the G20 protest,[br]and I got an email from the bank 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 saying please don't wear a suit,[br]because it'll inflame the protestors. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I look pretty good in a suit, frankly, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so you can see why [br]it would drive them 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 into an anti-capitalist frenzy. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Laughter] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So I thought, well, look. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If I don't want to inflame the protestors, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the obvious thing to do[br]is go dressed as a protestor. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So I went dressed completely in black, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You know, with a black [inaudible],[br]I had black gloves on, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but I've taken them off [br]to sign the visitor's book. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [What, Who, and Whistleblowers[br]Whistleblowers and credentials] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [I must know what you are,[br]not who you are] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm wearing black trousers,[br]black boots, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm dressed completely in black. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I go into the bank at 10 o'clock, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 go, oh hi, I'm Dave Birch, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I've got a 3 o'clock with [inaudible]. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Sure. And they signed me in. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So this nonsense 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 about you've got to have real names[br]on Facebook or whatever, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that gets you that kind of security. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That gets you security theater,[br]where there's no actual security, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but people are sort of playing parts[br]in a play about security. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And as long as[br]everybody learns their lines, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 everyone's happy. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But it's not real security. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Especially because I hate banks[br]more than the G20 protestors do, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because I work for them. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I know that things are actually worse[br]than these guys think. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But suppose I worked [br]next to sombody in a bank 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 who was doing something. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Suppose I was sitting [br]next to a rogue trader, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and I want to report it [br]to the boss of the bank. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So I log on to do [br]a little bit of whistleblowing. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I send a message,[br]this guy's a rogue trader. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That message is meaningless[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 if you don't know [br]that I'm a trader at the bank. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If that message just comes from anybody, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it has zero information value. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There's no point in sending that message. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You have to know. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But if I have to prove who I am, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'll never send that message. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's just like the nurse in the hospital[br]reporting the drunk surgeon. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That message will only happen[br]if I'm anonymous. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So the system has to have ways[br]of providing anonymity there, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 otherwise we don't get [br]where we want to get to. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So four issues.[br]So what are we going to do about it? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Well, what we tend to do about it 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is we think about Orwell space. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We try to make electronic versions 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 of the identity card [br]that we got rid of in 1953. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [The Old Paradigm[br]Can't resolve in Orwell space]\ 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [But Orwell is a paradigm[br]for government and its critics] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So we think if we had a card, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 call it a Facebook login, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which proves who you are, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and I make you carry it all the time, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that solves the problem. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And of course, for all those reasons[br]I just outlined, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it doesn't, and it might actually make[br]some problems worse. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The more times you're forced[br]to use your real identity, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in transactional terms, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the more likely that identity[br]is to get stolen and subverted. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The goal is to stop people[br]from using identity 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in transactions which don't need identity, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which is actually almost all transactions. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Almost all of the transactions you do 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 are not, who are you? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They're, are you allowed [br]to drive the car, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 are you allowed in the building, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 are you over 18, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 etcetera, etcetera. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So my suggestion- I, like James, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 think that there should be [br]a resurgence of interest in R & D. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I think this is a solvable problem. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's something we can do about. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Naturally, in these circumstances, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I turn to Doctor Who. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Because in this, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 as in so many other walks of life, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Doctor Who has already shown [br]us the answer. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So I should say, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 for some of our foreign visitors, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Doctor Who is the greatest [br]living scientist in England, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and a beacon of truth and enlightenment[br]to all of us. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [The New Paradigm[br]Doctor Who and the "psychic paper"] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And this is Doctor Who[br]with his psychic paper. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You're not nerds if you say yes. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Who's seen Doctor Who's psychic paper? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Oh right, you were in the library[br]the whole time studying I guess. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Is that what you're going to tell us? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Doctor Who's psychic paper 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is when you hold up the psychic paper, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the person, in their brain, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 sees the thing that they need to see. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So I want to show you a British passport, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I hold up the psychic paper, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you see a British passport. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I want to get into a party, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I hold up the psychic paper, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I show you a party invitation. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You see what you want to see. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So what I'm saying is we need[br]to make an electronic version of that, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but with one tiny, tiny change, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which is that it'll only show you [br]the British passport 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 if I've actually got one. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It'll only show you the party invitation[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 if I actually have one. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It will only show you that I'm over 18[br]if I actually am over 18. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But nothing else. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So you're the bouncer at the pub,[br]you need to know that I'm over 18, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 instead of showing you my driving license, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which shows you that I know haw to drive, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 what my name is, my address, [br]all these kind of things, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I show you my psychic paper, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and all it tells you is[br]am I over 18 or not. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Right. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Is that just a pipe dream? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Of course not, or else[br]I wouldn't be here talking to you. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So in order to build that[br]and make it work, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm only going to name these things,[br]I'll not go into them, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we need a plan, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [A Plan[br]Let's build a Psychic ID infrastructure] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which is we're going to build this 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 as an infrastructure[br]for everybody to use, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to solve all of these problems. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We're going to make a utility, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the utility has to be universal, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you can use it everywhere, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm just giving you little flashes[br]of the technology 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 as we go along. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Utility: Universal] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [What if identity isn't[br]a particular product or service] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [but a (regulated) utility[br]that works in both "first life"] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [and in "second life"] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's a Japanese ATM, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the fingerprint template[br]is stored inside the mobile phone. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So when you want to draw money out, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you put the mobile phone on the ATM, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and touch your finger, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 your fingerprint goes through [br]to the phone, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the phone says yes, that's whoever, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and the ATM then gives you some money. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So it has to be a utility[br]that can use it, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that you can use everywhere. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Utility: Convenience] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Speed is of the essence,[br]and now we have contactless and NFC] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [we can deliver it to make[br]identity work properly] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [without getting in the way] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It has to be absolutely convenient, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that's me going into the pub. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 All the device on the door of the pub is, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is this person over 18 [br]and not barred from the pub? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so the idea is, [br]you touch your ID card to the door, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and if I am allowed in,[br]it shows my picture, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 if I'm not allowwed in,[br]it shows a red cross. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It doesn't disclose any other information. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It has to have no special gadgets. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Utility: No Special Gadgets!] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That can only mean one thing, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 following on from Ross's statement, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which I agree with completely. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If it means no special gadgets, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it has to run on a mobile phone. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's the only choice we have, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we have to make it work on mobile phones. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There are 6.6 billion[br]mobile phone subscriptions. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 My favorite statistic of all time, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 only 4 billion toothbrushes in the world. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That means something,[br]I don't know what. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I rely on our futurologists to tell me. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It has to be a utility which is extensible. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Utility: Extensibility][br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [People should be able[br]to build new businesses] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [using the identity utility[br]without special permissions or licenses,] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [it should be like broadband or electricity] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So it has to be something 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that anybody could build on. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Anybody should be able [br]to use this infrastructure, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you don't need permissions,[br]licenses, whatever, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 anybody should be able [br]to write some code to do this. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You know what symmetry is, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so you don't need a picture of it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This is how we're going to do it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We're going to do it using phones, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we're going to do it using mobile proximity. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm going to suggest to you 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the technology to implement[br]Doctor Who's psychic paper 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is already here, and if any of you 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 have got one of the new[br]Barclay's debit cards 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 with the contactless interface on it, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you've already got that technology. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If you've ever been up to the big city,[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and used an Oyster card at all, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 does that ring any bells to anybody? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The technology already exists. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The first phones that have [br]the technology built in, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the Google Nexus, the X2,[br]the Samsung Wifi 7.9, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the first phones that have [br]got this technology built into them 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 are already in the shops. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So the idea that the gas man[br]can turn up at my mom's door 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and he can show my mom his phone, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and she can tap it with her phone, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and it will come up with green[br]if he really is from British Gas 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and allowed in, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and it'll come up with red if he isn't,[br]end of story. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We have the technology to do that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And what's more, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 although some of those things [br]sounded a bit counter-intuitive, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 like proving I'm over 18 [br]without proving who I am, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the cryptography to do that not only exists, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it's extremely well-known [br]and well-understood. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Digital signatures, the blinding[br]of public key certificates, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 these technologies have been around[br]for a while, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we've just had no way of packaging them up. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So the technology already exists. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We know it works, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There are a few examples[br]of the technology being used 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in experimental places. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's London Fashion Week, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 where we built a system with O2, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that's for the Wireless Festival[br]in Hyde Park, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you can see the persons 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 walking in with their VIP band, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it's just being checked 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 by the Nokia phone [br]that's reading the band. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm only putting those up to show you 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 these things are prosaic, [br]this stuff works in these environments. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They don't need to be special. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So finally, I know that you can do this, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Because if you saw [br]the episode of Doctor Who, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the Easter special of Doctor Who, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [Life on Mars[br]Dr. Who and the "psychic paper"] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 where he went to Mars in a bus, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I should say again[br]for our foreign students, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that doesn't happen every episode. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This was a very special case. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So in the episode where [br]he goes to Mars in a London bus, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I can't show you the clip, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 due to the outrageous restrictions[br]of Queen Anne-style copyright 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 by the BBC, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but in the episode [br]where he goes to Mars in a London bus, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Doctor Who is clearly shown[br]getting on to the bus 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 with the Oyster card reader 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 using his psychic paper. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Which proves that psychic paper 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 has an MSE interface. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Thank you very much.