What is evil?

Forget about "good as gold".
Today it's going to get evil.

But who or what is evil at all?

The devil?

The Illuminati?

The mother-in-law?

Usually evil stands for
morally wrong decisions,

a basic power influencing
the history of the world

and which is the opponent of good.

Meaning: where there is light,
there is also shadow.

Obviously! God against the devil,
the West against the terrorists,

Aspirin against a headache ...

however, back to
the individual human being.

But who defines
what is “morally wrong”?

Depending on one's ethic position,
definitons differ significantly.

According to Bible critic
Benedict de Spinoza, evil is everything

that blocks the self-assertion
of every individual.

So, it's a force from outside,

that prevents us humans
from developing freely.

For Kant, evil is an essential
part of human nature,

since humans are not only
equipped with reason,

but also with "empirical",
entirely worldly needs.

The inclination to the "dark side"-

has thus always been a part of us?

His fellow Enlightenment thinker
Rousseau sees things differently.

For him, humans are born good.

Only living in the community is what
poisons us, makes us evil.

So, are we actually born evil,
or is it society that makes us evil?

Nietzsche threw all of this overboard,

declared "good" to be "bad"

and "evil" simply to be
a construct of Christian "slave morality.”

Leibniz thoroughly examined evil.

He separated it into three categories.

That’s the malem physicum:

Pain, loss, loneliness, poverty...

things you wouldn’t even
wish on your worst enemy.

Then Leibniz described
the malum metaphysicum:

small imperfections, breaking points
built in by divine hand

According to Leibniz,
man himself can be evil in only one way -

through the malum morale, the moral evil.

The sin which you commit,
when you turn away from God.

In the 20th century,
existential philosopher Karl Jaspers

also separated evil within man
into three categories

Firstly: Urges of any kind

Secondly: The lack of the will to do good

And thirdly: The will to do evil

That is indeed interesting!

Haven’t we always been
more fascinated by Darth Vader

than by Luke Skywalker
wrapped in boring Eco-linen?!

Regardless of your religious or
ideological point of view -

"pure" evil: killing, stealing, lying

is what is bad for
the individual and society.

Yet it seems
that we need evil.

Good and evil are
in a dualistic relationship

One cannot exist without the other.

Otherwise, Ozzy Osborne
would just be a doddering father

and every Hollywood film
would begin with the happy-end

and plod along without antagonists

We need evil as an antithesis.

In order to find our way in the
ethnical world.