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Forget about "good as gold".[br]Today it's going to get evil.

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But who or what is evil at all?

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The devil?

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The Illuminati?

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The mother-in-law?

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Usually evil stands for [br]morally wrong decisions,

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a basic power influencing[br]the history of the world

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and which is the opponent of good.

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Meaning: where there is light, [br]there is also shadow.

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Obviously! God against the devil,[br]the West against the terrorists,

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Aspirin against a headache ...

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however, back to [br]the individual human being.

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But who defines [br]what is “morally wrong”?

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Depending on one's ethic position, [br]definitons differ significantly.

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According to Bible critic [br]Benedict de Spinoza, evil is everything

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that blocks the self-assertion [br]of every individual.

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So, it's a force from outside,

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that prevents us humans[br]from developing freely.

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For Kant, evil is an essential[br]part of human nature,

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since humans are not only[br]equipped with reason,

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but also with "empirical",[br]entirely worldly needs.

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The inclination to the "dark side"-

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has thus always been a part of us?

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His fellow Enlightenment thinker[br]Rousseau sees things differently.

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For him, humans are born good.

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Only living in the community is what[br]poisons us, makes us evil.

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So, are we actually born evil,[br]or is it society that makes us evil?

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Nietzsche threw all of this overboard,

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declared "good" to be "bad"

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and "evil" simply to be [br]a construct of Christian "slave morality.”

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Leibniz thoroughly examined evil.

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He separated it into three categories.

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That’s the malem physicum:

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Pain, loss, loneliness, poverty...

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things you wouldn’t even [br]wish on your worst enemy.

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Then Leibniz described [br]the malum metaphysicum:

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small imperfections, breaking points[br]built in by divine hand

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According to Leibniz, [br]man himself can be evil in only one way -

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through the malum morale, the moral evil.

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The sin which you commit, [br]when you turn away from God.

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In the 20th century, [br]existential philosopher Karl Jaspers

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also separated evil within man [br]into three categories

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Firstly: Urges of any kind

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Secondly: The lack of the will to do good

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And thirdly: The will to do evil

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That is indeed interesting!

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Haven’t we always been [br]more fascinated by Darth Vader

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than by Luke Skywalker[br]wrapped in boring Eco-linen?!

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Regardless of your religious or [br]ideological point of view -

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"pure" evil: killing, stealing, lying

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is what is bad for[br]the individual and society.

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Yet it seems[br]that we need evil.

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Good and evil are[br]in a dualistic relationship

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One cannot exist without the other.

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Otherwise, Ozzy Osborne[br]would just be a doddering father

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and every Hollywood film [br]would begin with the happy-end

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and plod along without antagonists

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We need evil as an antithesis.

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In order to find our way in the [br]ethnical world.

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