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Good morning!
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(Applause)
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Good morning, everyone!
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(Audience) Good morning!
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Claudine and I are delighted
to be with you this morning
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to be the first one.
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I left home when I was 13
to go to apprenticeship,
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that was in 1949.
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Actually, home was the restaurant
where my mother was the chef,
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I was already in that business.
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In fact, there was 12 restaurants
through the years in my family
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and 12 of them owned by women,
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I'm the first male to enter
that business in my family.
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I went into apprenticeship from Lyon,
where my mother had her little restaurant
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to Bourg-en-Bresse, where
I was born a few miles away.
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Prior to that, when
we were about 8-9 years old,
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my mother had that little restaurant
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so, my brother and I,
before going to school,
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would walk with my mother to the market,
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the St. Antoine market
along the Saône river,
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and she would walk the market one way,
about 1/2 a mile, and buy on her way back.
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Buying a case of mushrooms
which was getting dark,
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maybe for a third of the price or less.
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We carried, of course,
we didn't have a car at the time.
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She'd get home and start doing
her vegetables, peeling for the day.
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She did not have
a refrigerator at that time.
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She had an ice box, that is
a block of ice into a little cabinet,
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so she'd have chicken of the day, meat,
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fish, usually, whiting or mackerel
or skate -- inexpensive fish,
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and that she has to use it that day.
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And the day after,
we start all over again.
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Everything was organic,
everything was local.
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The word organic did not really exist,
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chemical fertilizers
did not exist either,
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or fungicides, insecticides, pesticides,
all that stuff did not exist,
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so everything was, local and organic.
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I went into apprenticeship,
I was 13 years old and, at that time,
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it was very structured,
well, still is to certain extend,
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you got to be there on time,
you got to be clean,
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you have to be willing,
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it's discipline, it's structure,
that's the way a kitchen can work.
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We learn through a type of osmosis.
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The chef never really explained anything,
he'd just say, "Do that".
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And if you say, "Why?", and
he'd say, "Because I just told you".
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That was about the end
of the apprenticeship.
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Probably, just as good
for someone 13-14 years old.
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So, we worked, repeating, and repeating,
and repeating those techniques ad nauseam,
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we were not allowed
to go to the stove for a year.
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So, during that year,
I plucked a lot of chicken,
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eviscerated a lot of chicken,
scaled fish, chopped parsley,
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all of that type of things,
and then the chef called me --
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My name was [Hugues] at the time,
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then by the time I went to the stove
they called me Jacques, so I got the name.
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He said, "You start tomorrow".
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"I start tomorrow?"
I didn't know how to do it,
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but when I went to the stove,
I knew how to do it.
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It was through that type of osmosis,
things that you show,
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I've got a book called, "La technique",
that I published in 1975
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so, it's 40-year old, and I don't cook
the way I did 40 years ago.
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But the way I did an egg white,
or sharpen a knife, or bone out a chicken,
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to [inaudible]... it is that kind
of permanence, that kind of continuity
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that you'll learn in the kitchen.
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To be first a craftman.
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And very often it's very difficult
to explain in words
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something that you can show --
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It's easier to show --
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than to explain in words --
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You can do that to chocolate as well --
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You'd do that at exactly
the right temperature --
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and we used to --
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put the butter in
a little container and that on top,
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and now you can charge 20 bucks for it --
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(Laughter)
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Put that in water that's cold --
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(Applause)
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Thank you, Titine.
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For me, first you have to be a craftsman.
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You have to be a craftsman, and
it's that repeat, and repeat, and repeat,
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that is very important.
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Just like --
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you spend a 1-2 years
in a studio in art school
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and learn the law of perspective
-- it is perfectly fine,
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and you learn how to mix
yellow and blue to make green,
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what to do with your sand,
with your spatula, with the brush --
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then you can come out and
do one painting after another.
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So that makes you a chef? Not really.
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But you're by then, a good craftsman,
and that's very important.
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You have to first know your trade,
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whether you are a shoemaker,
or a cabinet maker, like my father,
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first, you know your trade.
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So, those things that we boned out
I learned as a child --
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Then, I learned this from --
I don't remember where I learn that but --
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When you learn something
you learn it a certain way
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and after a while, you don't remember
where it comes from,
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and you do it your way, eventually.
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