Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done
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0:01 - 0:05Chris Anderson: So, this is an
interview with a difference. -
0:05 - 0:09On the basis that a picture
is worth a thousand words, -
0:09 - 0:12what I did was, I asked Bill and Melinda
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0:12 - 0:14to dig out from their archive
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0:14 - 0:16some images that would help explain
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0:16 - 0:18some of what they've done,
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0:18 - 0:20and do a few things that way.
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0:20 - 0:24So, we're going to start here.
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0:24 - 0:26Melinda, when and where was this,
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0:26 - 0:28and who is that handsome man next to you?
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0:28 - 0:30Melinda Gates: With those big glasses, huh?
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0:30 - 0:32This is in Africa, our very first trip,
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0:32 - 0:34the first time either of us had ever been to Africa,
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0:34 - 0:36in the fall of 1993.
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0:36 - 0:38We were already engaged to be married.
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0:38 - 0:39We married a few months later,
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0:39 - 0:42and this was the trip where we really went to see
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0:42 - 0:44the animals and to see the savanna.
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0:44 - 0:46It was incredible. Bill had never taken that much time
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0:46 - 0:47off from work.
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0:47 - 0:52But what really touched us, actually, were the people,
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0:52 - 0:54and the extreme poverty.
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0:54 - 0:56We started asking ourselves questions.
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0:56 - 0:58Does it have to be like this?
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0:58 - 0:59And at the end of the trip,
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0:59 - 1:00we went out to Zanzibar,
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1:00 - 1:01and took some time to walk on the beach,
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1:01 - 1:02which is something we had done a lot
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1:02 - 1:04while we were dating.
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1:04 - 1:07And we'd already been talking about during that time
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1:07 - 1:09that the wealth that had come from Microsoft
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1:09 - 1:10would be given back to society,
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1:10 - 1:11but it was really on that beach walk
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1:11 - 1:13that we started to talk about, well,
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1:13 - 1:17what might we do and how might we go about it?
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1:17 - 1:19CA: So, given that this vacation
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1:19 - 1:22led to the creation of
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1:22 - 1:24the world's biggest private foundation,
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1:24 - 1:27it's pretty expensive as vacations go. (Laughter)
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1:27 - 1:30MG: I guess so. We enjoyed it.
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1:30 - 1:33CA: Which of you was the key instigator here,
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1:33 - 1:36or was it symmetrical?
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1:36 - 1:38Bill Gates: Well, I think we were excited
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1:38 - 1:40that there'd be a phase of our life
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1:40 - 1:42where we'd get to work together
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1:42 - 1:48and figure out how to give this money back.
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1:48 - 1:51At this stage, we were talking about the poorest,
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1:51 - 1:54and could you have a big impact on them?
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1:54 - 1:56Were there things that weren't being done?
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1:56 - 1:58There was a lot we didn't know.
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1:58 - 2:00Our naïveté is pretty incredible,
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2:00 - 2:01when we look back on it.
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2:01 - 2:02But we had a certain enthusiasm
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2:02 - 2:05that that would be the phase,
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2:05 - 2:08the post-Microsoft phase
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2:08 - 2:10would be our philanthropy.
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2:10 - 2:13MG: Which Bill always thought was going to come
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2:13 - 2:14after he was 60,
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2:14 - 2:15so he hasn't quite hit 60 yet,
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2:15 - 2:19so some things change along the way.
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2:19 - 2:21CA: So it started there, but it got accelerated.
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2:21 - 2:23So that was '93, and it was '97, really,
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2:23 - 2:25before the foundation itself started.
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2:25 - 2:28MA: Yeah, in '97, we read an article
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2:28 - 2:31about diarrheal diseases killing
so many kids around the world, -
2:31 - 2:33and we kept saying to ourselves,
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2:33 - 2:34"Well that can't be.
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2:34 - 2:36In the U.S., you just go down to the drug store."
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2:36 - 2:38And so we started gathering scientists
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2:38 - 2:40and started learning about population,
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2:40 - 2:42learning about vaccines,
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2:42 - 2:44learning about what had worked and what had failed,
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2:44 - 2:46and that's really when we got going,
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2:46 - 2:50was in late 1998, 1999.
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2:50 - 2:53CA: So, you've got a big pot of money
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2:53 - 2:55and a world full of so many different issues.
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2:55 - 3:00How on Earth do you decide what to focus on?
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3:00 - 3:02BG: Well, we decided that we'd pick two causes,
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3:02 - 3:05whatever the biggest inequity was globally,
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3:05 - 3:07and there we looked at children dying,
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3:07 - 3:10children not having enough nutrition to ever develop,
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3:10 - 3:11and countries that were really stuck,
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3:11 - 3:14because with that level of death,
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3:14 - 3:16and parents would have so many kids
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3:16 - 3:17that they'd get huge population growth,
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3:17 - 3:20and that the kids were so sick
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3:20 - 3:23that they really couldn't be educated
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3:23 - 3:25and lift themselves up.
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3:25 - 3:26So that was our global thing,
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3:26 - 3:29and then in the U.S.,
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3:29 - 3:31both of us have had amazing educations,
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3:31 - 3:34and we saw that as the way that the U.S.
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3:34 - 3:37could live up to its promise of equal opportunity
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3:37 - 3:40is by having a phenomenal education system,
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3:40 - 3:43and the more we learned, the more we realized
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3:43 - 3:45we're not really fulfilling that promise.
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3:45 - 3:47And so we picked those two things,
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3:47 - 3:49and everything the foundation does
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3:49 - 3:52is focused there.
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3:52 - 3:54CA: So, I asked each of you to pick an image
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3:54 - 3:56that you like that illustrates your work,
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3:56 - 3:59and Melinda, this is what you picked.
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3:59 - 4:01What's this about?
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4:01 - 4:04MG: So I, one of the things I love to do when I travel
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4:04 - 4:07is to go out to the rural areas and talk to the women,
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4:07 - 4:10whether it's Bangladesh, India,
lots of countries in Africa, -
4:10 - 4:12and I go in as a Western woman without a name.
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4:12 - 4:15I don't tell them who I am. Pair of khakis.
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4:15 - 4:17And I kept hearing from women,
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4:17 - 4:20over and over and over, the more I traveled,
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4:20 - 4:22"I want to be able to use this shot."
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4:22 - 4:25I would be there to talk to them
about childhood vaccines, -
4:25 - 4:27and they would bring the conversation around to
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4:27 - 4:29"But what about the shot I get?"
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4:29 - 4:32which is an injection they were
getting called Depo-Provera, -
4:32 - 4:34which is a contraceptive.
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4:34 - 4:36And I would come back and
talk to global health experts, -
4:36 - 4:38and they'd say, "Oh no, contraceptives
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4:38 - 4:40are stocked in in the developing world."
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4:40 - 4:42Well, you had to dig deeper into the reports,
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4:42 - 4:44and this is what the team came to me with,
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4:44 - 4:46which is, to have the number one thing
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4:46 - 4:49that women tell you in Africa they want to use
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4:49 - 4:52stocked out more than 200 days a year
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4:52 - 4:54explains why women were saying to me,
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4:54 - 4:57"I walked 10 kilometers without
my husband knowing it, -
4:57 - 5:00and I got to the clinic, and there was nothing there."
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5:00 - 5:03And so condoms were stocked in in Africa
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5:03 - 5:05because of all the AIDS work that the U.S.
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5:05 - 5:07and others supported.
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5:07 - 5:09But women will tell you over and over again,
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5:09 - 5:11"I can't negotiate a condom with my husband.
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5:11 - 5:15I'm either suggesting he has AIDS or I have AIDS,
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5:15 - 5:18and I need that tool because then I can space
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5:18 - 5:21the births of my children, and I can feed them
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5:21 - 5:23and have a chance of educating them."
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5:23 - 5:25CA: Melinda, you're Roman Catholic,
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5:25 - 5:29and you've often been embroiled
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5:29 - 5:31in controversy over this issue,
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5:31 - 5:33and on the abortion question,
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5:33 - 5:34on both sides, really.
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5:34 - 5:36How do you navigate that?
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5:36 - 5:39MG: Yeah, so I think that's a really important point,
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5:39 - 5:42which is, we had backed away from contraceptives
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5:42 - 5:43as a global community.
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5:43 - 5:47We knew that 210 million women
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5:47 - 5:49were saying they wanted access to contraceptives,
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5:49 - 5:52even the contraceptives we have
here in the United States, -
5:52 - 5:54and we weren't providing them
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5:54 - 5:58because of the political controversy in our country,
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5:58 - 6:00and to me that was just a crime,
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6:00 - 6:03and I kept looking around trying to find the person
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6:03 - 6:05that would get this back on the global stage,
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6:05 - 6:07and I finally realized I just had to do it.
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6:07 - 6:09And even though I'm Catholic,
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6:09 - 6:10I believe in contraceptives
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6:10 - 6:12just like most of the Catholic
women in the United States -
6:12 - 6:14who report using contraceptives,
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6:14 - 6:16and I shouldn't let that controversy
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6:16 - 6:18be the thing that holds us back.
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6:18 - 6:20We used to have consensus in the United States
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6:20 - 6:21around contraceptives,
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6:21 - 6:24and so we got back to that global consensus,
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6:24 - 6:27and actually raised 2.6 billion dollars
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6:27 - 6:29around exactly this issue for women.
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6:29 - 6:35(Applause)
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6:37 - 6:41CA: Bill, this is your graph. What's this about?
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6:41 - 6:43BG: Well, my graph has numbers on it.
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6:43 - 6:45(Laughter)
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6:45 - 6:47I really like this graph.
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6:47 - 6:50This is the number of children
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6:50 - 6:53who die before the age of five every year.
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6:53 - 6:54And what you find is really
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6:54 - 6:56a phenomenal success story
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6:56 - 6:59which is not widely known,
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6:59 - 7:01that we are making incredible progress.
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7:01 - 7:04We go from 20 million
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7:04 - 7:05not long after I was born
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7:05 - 7:09to now we're down to about six million.
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7:09 - 7:11So this is a story
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7:11 - 7:13largely of vaccines.
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7:13 - 7:16Smallpox was killing a couple million kids a year.
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7:16 - 7:18That was eradicated, so that got down to zero.
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7:18 - 7:20Measles was killing a couple million a year.
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7:20 - 7:22That's down to a few hundred thousand.
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7:22 - 7:24Anyway, this is a chart
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7:24 - 7:28where you want to get that number to continue,
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7:28 - 7:29and it's going to be possible,
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7:29 - 7:31using the science of new vaccines,
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7:31 - 7:33getting the vaccines out to kids.
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7:33 - 7:35We can actually accelerate the progress.
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7:35 - 7:36The last decade,
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7:36 - 7:38that number has dropped faster
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7:38 - 7:40than ever in history,
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7:40 - 7:43and so I just love the fact that
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7:43 - 7:45you can say, okay, if we can invent new vaccines,
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7:45 - 7:47we can get them out there,
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7:47 - 7:49use the very latest understanding of these things,
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7:49 - 7:54and get the delivery right, that
we can perform a miracle. -
7:54 - 7:55CA: I mean, you do the math on this,
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7:55 - 7:57and it works out, I think, literally
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7:57 - 7:59to thousands of kids' lives saved every day
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7:59 - 8:01compared to the prior year.
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8:01 - 8:03It's not reported.
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8:03 - 8:06An airliner with 200-plus deaths
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8:06 - 8:08is a far, far bigger story than that.
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8:08 - 8:10Does that drive you crazy?
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8:10 - 8:13BG: Yeah, because it's a silent thing going on.
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8:13 - 8:16It's a kid, one kid at a time.
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8:16 - 8:17Ninety-eight percent of this
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8:17 - 8:19has nothing to do with natural disasters,
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8:19 - 8:21and yet, people's charity,
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8:21 - 8:22when they see a natural disaster, are wonderful.
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8:22 - 8:24It's incredible how people think, okay,
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8:24 - 8:27that could be me, and the money flows.
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8:27 - 8:30These causes have been a bit invisible.
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8:30 - 8:33Now that the Millennium Development Goals
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8:33 - 8:34and various things are getting out there,
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8:34 - 8:37we are seeing some increased generosity,
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8:37 - 8:40so the goal is to get this well below a million,
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8:40 - 8:43which should be possible in our lifetime.
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8:43 - 8:44CA: Maybe it needed someone
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8:44 - 8:46who is turned on by numbers and graphs
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8:46 - 8:48rather than just the big, sad face
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8:48 - 8:50to get engaged.
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8:50 - 8:52I mean, you've used it in your letter this year,
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8:52 - 8:55you used basically this argument to say that aid,
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8:55 - 8:57contrary to the current meme
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8:57 - 9:00that aid is kind of worthless and broken,
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9:00 - 9:02that actually it has been effective.
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9:02 - 9:04BG: Yeah, well people can take,
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9:04 - 9:07there is some aid that was well-meaning
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9:07 - 9:09and didn't go well.
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9:09 - 9:11There's some venture capital investments
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9:11 - 9:14that were well-meaning and didn't go well.
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9:14 - 9:17You shouldn't just say, okay, because of that,
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9:17 - 9:20because we don't have a perfect record,
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9:20 - 9:21this is a bad endeavor.
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9:21 - 9:23You should look at, what was your goal?
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9:23 - 9:26How are you trying to uplift nutrition
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9:26 - 9:29and survival and literacy
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9:29 - 9:31so these countries can take care of themselves,
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9:31 - 9:33and say wow, this is going well,
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9:33 - 9:34and be smarter.
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9:34 - 9:36We can spend aid smarter.
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9:36 - 9:39It is not all a panacea.
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9:39 - 9:42We can do better than venture capital, I think,
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9:42 - 9:45including big hits like this.
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9:45 - 9:48CA: Traditional wisdom is that
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9:48 - 9:52it's pretty hard for married couples to work together.
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9:52 - 9:54How have you guys managed it?
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9:54 - 9:55MG: Yeah, I've had a lot of women say to me,
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9:55 - 9:57"I really don't think I could work with my husband.
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9:57 - 9:59That just wouldn't work out."
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9:59 - 10:03You know, we enjoy it, and we don't --
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10:03 - 10:05this foundation has been a coming to for both of us
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10:05 - 10:08in its continuous learning journey,
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10:08 - 10:11and we don't travel together as much
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10:11 - 10:13for the foundation, actually, as we used to
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10:13 - 10:14when Bill was working at Microsoft.
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10:14 - 10:17We have more trips where
we're traveling separately, -
10:17 - 10:19but I always know when I come home,
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10:19 - 10:21Bill's going to be interested in what I learned,
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10:21 - 10:23whether it's about women or girls
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10:23 - 10:25or something new about the vaccine delivery chain,
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10:25 - 10:27or this person that is a great leader.
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10:27 - 10:30He's going to listen and be really interested.
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10:30 - 10:32And he knows when he comes home,
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10:32 - 10:33even if it's to talk about the speech he did
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10:33 - 10:35or the data or what he's learned,
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10:35 - 10:36I'm really interested,
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10:36 - 10:39and I think we have a really
collaborative relationship. -
10:39 - 10:42But we don't every minute together, that's for sure.
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10:42 - 10:46(Laughter)
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10:46 - 10:49CA: But now you are, and we're very happy that you are.
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10:49 - 10:52Melinda, early on, you were basically
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10:52 - 10:54largely running the show.
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10:54 - 10:55Six years ago, I guess,
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10:55 - 10:58Bill came on full time, so moved from Microsoft
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10:58 - 10:59and became full time.
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10:59 - 11:00That must have been hard,
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11:00 - 11:02adjusting to that. No?
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11:02 - 11:05MG: Yeah. I think actually,
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11:05 - 11:07for the foundation employees,
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11:07 - 11:10there was way more angst for them
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11:10 - 11:11than there was for me about Bill coming.
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11:11 - 11:12I was actually really excited.
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11:12 - 11:14I mean, Bill made this decision
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11:14 - 11:17even obviously before it got announced in 2006,
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11:17 - 11:18and it was really his decision,
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11:18 - 11:20but again, it was a beach vacation
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11:20 - 11:21where we were walking on the beach
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11:21 - 11:24and he was starting to think of this idea.
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11:24 - 11:26And for me, the excitement of Bill
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11:26 - 11:29putting his brain and his heart
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11:29 - 11:31against these huge global problems,
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11:31 - 11:34these inequities, to me that was exciting.
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11:34 - 11:37Yes, the foundation employees had angst about that.
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11:37 - 11:39(Applause)
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11:39 - 11:41CA: That's cool.
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11:41 - 11:43MG: But that went away within three months,
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11:43 - 11:44once he was there.
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11:44 - 11:46BG: Including some of the employees.
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11:46 - 11:47MG: That's what I said, the employees,
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11:47 - 11:49it went away for them three
months after you were there. -
11:49 - 11:51BG: No, I'm kidding.
MG: Oh, you mean, the employees didn't go away. -
11:51 - 11:53BG: A few of them did, but —
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11:53 - 11:55(Laughter)
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11:55 - 11:57CA: So what do you guys argue about?
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11:57 - 12:00Sunday, 11 o'clock,
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12:00 - 12:01you're away from work,
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12:01 - 12:03what comes up? What's the argument?
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12:03 - 12:05BG: Because we built this thing
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12:05 - 12:08together from the beginning,
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12:08 - 12:10it's this great partnership.
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12:10 - 12:12I had that with Paul Allen
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12:12 - 12:14in the early days of Microsoft.
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12:14 - 12:16I had it with Steve Ballmer as Microsoft got bigger,
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12:16 - 12:19and now Melinda, and in even stronger,
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12:19 - 12:21equal ways, is the partner,
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12:21 - 12:23so we talk a lot about
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12:23 - 12:25which things should we give more to,
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12:25 - 12:28which groups are working well?
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12:28 - 12:29She's got a lot of insight.
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12:29 - 12:31She'll sit down with the employees a lot.
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12:31 - 12:33We'll take the different trips she described.
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12:33 - 12:36So there's a lot of collaboration.
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12:36 - 12:38I can't think of anything where one of us
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12:38 - 12:42had a super strong opinion
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12:42 - 12:44about one thing or another?
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12:44 - 12:46CA: How about you, Melinda,
though? Can you? (Laughter) -
12:46 - 12:48You never know.
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12:48 - 12:49MG: Well, here's the thing.
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12:49 - 12:51We come at things from different angles,
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12:51 - 12:53and I actually think that's really good.
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12:53 - 12:55So Bill can look at the big data
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12:55 - 12:58and say, "I want to act based
on these global statistics." -
12:58 - 13:00For me, I come at it from intuition.
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13:00 - 13:02I meet with lots of people on the ground
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13:02 - 13:04and Bill's taught me to take that
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13:04 - 13:06and read up to the global data and see if they match,
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13:06 - 13:07and I think what I've taught him
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13:07 - 13:09is to take that data
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13:09 - 13:10and meet with people on the ground to understand,
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13:10 - 13:13can you actually deliver that vaccine?
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13:13 - 13:16Can you get a woman to accept those polio drops
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13:16 - 13:17in her child's mouth?
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13:17 - 13:19Because the delivery piece
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13:19 - 13:21is every bit as important as the science.
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13:21 - 13:23So I think it's been more a coming to over time
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13:23 - 13:25towards each other's point of view,
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13:25 - 13:28and quite frankly, the work is better because of it.
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13:28 - 13:30CA: So, in vaccines and polio and so forth,
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13:30 - 13:34you've had some amazing successes.
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13:34 - 13:35What about failure, though?
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13:35 - 13:37Can you talk about a failure
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13:37 - 13:39and maybe what you've learned from it?
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13:39 - 13:42BG: Yeah. Fortunately, we can afford a few failures,
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13:42 - 13:44because we've certainly had them.
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13:44 - 13:48We do a lot of drug work or vaccine work
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13:48 - 13:51that you know you're going to have different failures.
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13:51 - 13:54Like, we put out, one that got a lot of publicity
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13:54 - 13:55was asking for a better condom.
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13:55 - 13:57Well, we got hundreds of ideas.
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13:57 - 14:00Maybe a few of those will work out.
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14:00 - 14:03We were very naïve, certainly I was, about a drug
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14:03 - 14:06for a disease in India, visceral leishmaniasis,
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14:06 - 14:07that I thought, once I got this drug,
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14:07 - 14:09we can just go wipe out the disease.
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14:09 - 14:11Well, turns out it took an injection
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14:11 - 14:13every day for 10 days.
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14:13 - 14:15It took three more years to get it than we expected,
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14:15 - 14:17and then there was no way
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14:17 - 14:19it was going to get out there.
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14:19 - 14:20Fortunately, we found out
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14:20 - 14:24that if you go kill the sand flies,
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14:24 - 14:26you probably can have success there,
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14:26 - 14:27but we spent five years,
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14:27 - 14:29you could say wasted five years,
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14:29 - 14:31and about 60 million,
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14:31 - 14:32on a path that turned out to have
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14:32 - 14:36very modest benefit when we got there.
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14:36 - 14:40CA: You're spending, like, a billion dollars a year
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14:40 - 14:42in education, I think, something like that.
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14:42 - 14:46Is anything, the story of what's gone right there
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14:46 - 14:48is quite a long and complex one.
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14:48 - 14:52Are there any failures that you can talk about?
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14:52 - 14:54MG: Well, I would say a huge lesson for us
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14:54 - 14:55out of the early work is we thought
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14:55 - 14:58that these small schools were the answer,
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14:58 - 14:59and small schools definitely help.
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14:59 - 15:01They bring down the dropout rate.
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15:01 - 15:03They have less violence and crime in those schools.
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15:03 - 15:05But the thing that we learned from that work,
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15:05 - 15:08and what turned out to be the fundamental key,
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15:08 - 15:10is a great teacher in front of the classroom.
-
15:10 - 15:12If you don't have an effective teacher
-
15:12 - 15:13in the front of the classroom,
-
15:13 - 15:15I don't care how big or small the building is,
-
15:15 - 15:17you're not going to change the trajectory
-
15:17 - 15:19of whether that student will be ready for college.
-
15:19 - 15:23(Applause)
-
15:23 - 15:25CA: So Melinda, this is you and
-
15:25 - 15:29your eldest daughter, Jenn.
-
15:29 - 15:31And just taken about three weeks ago, I think,
-
15:31 - 15:32three or four weeks ago. Where was this?
-
15:32 - 15:34MG: So we went to Tanzania.
-
15:34 - 15:35Jenn's been to Tanzania.
-
15:35 - 15:38All our kids have been to Africa quite a bit, actually.
-
15:38 - 15:40And we did something very different,
-
15:40 - 15:42which is, we decided to go spend
-
15:42 - 15:44two nights and three days with a family.
-
15:44 - 15:47Anna and Sanare are the parents.
-
15:47 - 15:50They invited us to come and stay in their boma.
-
15:50 - 15:52Actually, the goats had been there, I think,
-
15:52 - 15:53living in that particular little hut
-
15:53 - 15:56on their little compound before we got there.
-
15:56 - 15:57And we stayed with their family,
-
15:57 - 15:59and we really, really learned
-
15:59 - 16:01what life is like in rural Tanzania.
-
16:01 - 16:03And the difference between just going
-
16:03 - 16:05and visiting for half a day
-
16:05 - 16:06or three quarters of a day
-
16:06 - 16:08versus staying overnight was profound,
-
16:08 - 16:12and so let me just give you one explanation of that.
-
16:12 - 16:14They had six children, and as I talked to Anna
-
16:14 - 16:16in the kitchen, we cooked for about five hours
-
16:16 - 16:17in the cooking hut that day,
-
16:17 - 16:19and as I talked to her, she had absolutely planned
-
16:19 - 16:21and spaced with her husband
-
16:21 - 16:22the births of their children.
-
16:22 - 16:24It was a very loving relationship.
-
16:24 - 16:26This was a Maasai warrior and his wife,
-
16:26 - 16:28but they had decided to get married,
-
16:28 - 16:31they clearly had respect and love in the relationship.
-
16:31 - 16:33Their children, their six children,
-
16:33 - 16:35the two in the middle were twins, 13,
-
16:35 - 16:38a boy, and a girl named Grace.
-
16:38 - 16:39And when we'd go out to chop wood
-
16:39 - 16:42and do all the things that Grace
and her mother would do, -
16:42 - 16:44Grace was not a child, she was an adolescent,
-
16:44 - 16:46but she wasn't an adult.
-
16:46 - 16:48She was very, very shy.
-
16:48 - 16:49So she kept wanting to talk to me and Jenn.
-
16:49 - 16:52We kept trying to engage her, but she was shy.
-
16:52 - 16:54And at night, though,
-
16:54 - 16:57when all the lights went out in rural Tanzania,
-
16:57 - 16:58and there was no moon that night,
-
16:58 - 17:00the first night, and no stars,
-
17:00 - 17:02and Jenn came out of our hut
-
17:02 - 17:04with her REI little headlamp on,
-
17:04 - 17:07Grace went immediately,
-
17:07 - 17:08and got the translator,
-
17:08 - 17:10came straight up to my Jenn and said,
-
17:10 - 17:11"When you go home,
-
17:11 - 17:12can I have your headlamp
-
17:12 - 17:14so I can study at night?"
-
17:14 - 17:15CA: Oh, wow.
-
17:15 - 17:17MG: And her dad had told me
-
17:17 - 17:19how afraid he was that unlike the son,
-
17:19 - 17:20who had passed his secondary exams,
-
17:20 - 17:22because of her chores,
-
17:22 - 17:23she'd not done so well
-
17:23 - 17:25and wasn't in the government school yet.
-
17:25 - 17:28He said, "I don't know how I'm
going to pay for her education. -
17:28 - 17:30I can't pay for private school,
-
17:30 - 17:32and she may end up on this farm like my wife."
-
17:32 - 17:33So they know the difference
-
17:33 - 17:34that an education can make
-
17:34 - 17:37in a huge, profound way.
-
17:37 - 17:39CA: I mean, this is another pic
-
17:39 - 17:42of your other two kids, Rory and Phoebe,
-
17:42 - 17:46along with Paul Farmer.
-
17:46 - 17:48Bringing up three children
-
17:48 - 17:51when you're the world's richest family
-
17:51 - 17:53seems like a social experiment
-
17:53 - 17:57without much prior art.
-
17:57 - 17:58How have you managed it?
-
17:58 - 18:01What's been your approach?
-
18:01 - 18:03BG: Well, I'd say overall
-
18:03 - 18:05the kids get a great education,
-
18:05 - 18:06but you've got to make sure
-
18:06 - 18:08they have a sense of their own ability
-
18:08 - 18:10and what they're going to go and do,
-
18:10 - 18:12and our philosophy has been
-
18:12 - 18:13to be very clear with them --
-
18:13 - 18:15most of the money's going to the foundation --
-
18:15 - 18:19and help them find something they're excited about.
-
18:19 - 18:20We want to strike a balance where they have
-
18:20 - 18:22the freedom to do anything
-
18:22 - 18:26but not a lot of money showered on them
-
18:26 - 18:29so they could go out and do nothing.
-
18:29 - 18:32And so far, they're fairly diligent,
-
18:32 - 18:35excited to pick their own direction.
-
18:35 - 18:40CA: You've obviously guarded their
privacy carefully for obvious reasons. -
18:40 - 18:43I'm curious why you've given me permission
-
18:43 - 18:44to show this picture now here at TED.
-
18:44 - 18:45MG: Well, it's interesting.
-
18:45 - 18:47As they get older, they so know
-
18:47 - 18:50that our family belief is about responsibility,
-
18:50 - 18:52that we are in an unbelievable situation
-
18:52 - 18:54just to live in the United States
-
18:54 - 18:56and have a great education,
-
18:56 - 18:58and we have a responsibility
to give back to the world. -
18:58 - 18:59And so as they get older
-
18:59 - 19:00and we are teaching them --
-
19:00 - 19:02they have been to so many
countries around the world — -
19:02 - 19:03they're saying,
-
19:03 - 19:05we do want people to know that we believe
-
19:05 - 19:07in what you're doing, Mom and Dad,
-
19:07 - 19:08and it is okay to show us more.
-
19:08 - 19:11So we have their permission to show this picture,
-
19:11 - 19:13and I think Paul Farmer is probably going to put it
-
19:13 - 19:15eventually in some of his work.
-
19:15 - 19:17But they really care deeply
-
19:17 - 19:19about the mission of the foundation, too.
-
19:19 - 19:21CA: You've easily got enough money
-
19:21 - 19:24despite your vast contributions to the foundation
-
19:24 - 19:25to make them all billionaires.
-
19:25 - 19:27Is that your plan for them?
-
19:27 - 19:29BG: Nope. No. They won't have anything like that.
-
19:29 - 19:31They need to have a sense
-
19:31 - 19:38that their own work is meaningful and important.
-
19:38 - 19:41We read an article long, actually,
before we got married, -
19:41 - 19:44where Warren Buffett talked about that,
-
19:44 - 19:46and we're quite convinced that it wasn't a favor
-
19:46 - 19:49either to society or to the kids.
-
19:49 - 19:51CA: Well, speaking of Warren Buffett,
-
19:51 - 19:54something really amazing happened in 2006,
-
19:54 - 19:57when somehow your only real rival
-
19:57 - 19:59for richest person in America
-
19:59 - 20:00suddenly turned around and agreed to give
-
20:00 - 20:0380 percent of his fortune
-
20:03 - 20:04to your foundation.
-
20:04 - 20:06How on Earth did that happen?
-
20:06 - 20:08I guess there's a long version
and a short version of that. -
20:08 - 20:09We've got time for the short version.
-
20:09 - 20:13BG: All right. Well, Warren was a close friend,
-
20:13 - 20:18and he was going to have his wife Suzie
-
20:18 - 20:19give it all away.
-
20:19 - 20:23Tragically, she passed away before he did,
-
20:23 - 20:26and he's big on delegation, and
-
20:26 - 20:29— (Laughter) —
-
20:29 - 20:30he said —
-
20:30 - 20:31CA: Tweet that.
-
20:31 - 20:34BG: If he's got somebody
who is doing something well, -
20:34 - 20:38and is willing to do it at no charge,
-
20:38 - 20:41maybe that's okay. But we were stunned.
-
20:41 - 20:43MG: Totally stunned.
BG: We had never expected it, -
20:43 - 20:45and it has been unbelievable.
-
20:45 - 20:48It's allowed us to increase our ambition
-
20:48 - 20:51in what the foundation can do quite dramatically.
-
20:51 - 20:53Half the resources we have
-
20:53 - 20:56come from Warren's mind-blowing generosity.
-
20:56 - 20:57CA: And I think you've pledged that
-
20:57 - 20:58by the time you're done,
-
20:58 - 21:00more than, or 95 percent of your wealth,
-
21:00 - 21:02will be given to the foundation.
-
21:02 - 21:03BG: Yes.
-
21:03 - 21:07CA: And since this relationship, it's amazing—
-
21:07 - 21:10(Applause)
-
21:10 - 21:13And recently, you and Warren
-
21:13 - 21:15have been going around trying to persuade
-
21:15 - 21:17other billionaires and successful people
-
21:17 - 21:18to pledge to give, what,
-
21:18 - 21:24more than half of their assets for philanthropy.
-
21:24 - 21:27How is that going?
-
21:27 - 21:30BG: Well, we've got about 120 people
-
21:30 - 21:32who have now taken this giving pledge.
-
21:32 - 21:35The thing that's great is that we get together
-
21:35 - 21:37yearly and talk about, okay,
-
21:37 - 21:39do you hire staff, what do you give to them?
-
21:39 - 21:40We're not trying to homogenize it.
-
21:40 - 21:41I mean, the beauty of philanthropy
-
21:41 - 21:43is this mind-blowing diversity.
-
21:43 - 21:44People give to some things.
-
21:44 - 21:47We look and go, "Wow."
-
21:47 - 21:48But that's great.
-
21:48 - 21:49That's the role of philanthropy
-
21:49 - 21:52is to pick different approaches,
-
21:52 - 21:54including even in one space, like education.
-
21:54 - 21:56We need more experimentation.
-
21:56 - 21:59But it's been wonderful, meeting those people,
-
21:59 - 22:01sharing their journey to philanthropy,
-
22:01 - 22:02how they involve their kids,
-
22:02 - 22:04where they're doing it differently,
-
22:04 - 22:07and it's been way more successful than we expected.
-
22:07 - 22:10Now it looks like it'll just keep growing in size
-
22:10 - 22:12in the years ahead.
-
22:12 - 22:16MG: And having people see that other people
-
22:16 - 22:17are making change with philanthropy,
-
22:17 - 22:20I mean, these are people who have
-
22:20 - 22:21created their own businesses,
-
22:21 - 22:23put their own ingenuity behind incredible ideas.
-
22:23 - 22:26If they put their ideas and their brain
-
22:26 - 22:28behind philanthropy, they can change the world.
-
22:28 - 22:30And they start to see others doing it, and saying,
-
22:30 - 22:32"Wow, I want to do that with my own money."
-
22:32 - 22:34To me, that's the piece that's incredible.
-
22:34 - 22:37CA: It seems to me, it's actually really hard
-
22:37 - 22:39for some people to figure out
-
22:39 - 22:41even how to remotely spend that much money
-
22:41 - 22:44on something else.
-
22:44 - 22:46There are probably some billionaires in the room
-
22:46 - 22:48and certainly some successful people.
-
22:48 - 22:50I'm curious, can you make the pitch?
-
22:50 - 22:51What's the pitch?
-
22:51 - 22:52BG: Well, it's the most fulfilling thing
-
22:52 - 22:54we've ever done,
-
22:54 - 22:57and you can't take it with you,
-
22:57 - 23:00and if it's not good for your kids,
-
23:00 - 23:01let's get together and brainstorm
-
23:01 - 23:04about what we can be done.
-
23:04 - 23:06The world is a far better place
-
23:06 - 23:09because of the philanthropists of the past,
-
23:09 - 23:12and the U.S. tradition here, which is the strongest,
-
23:12 - 23:13is the envy of the world.
-
23:13 - 23:15And part of the reason I'm so optimistic
-
23:15 - 23:17is because I do think philanthropy
-
23:17 - 23:19is going to grow
-
23:19 - 23:20and take some of these things
-
23:20 - 23:23government's not just good at
working on and discovering -
23:23 - 23:26and shine some light in the right direction.
-
23:26 - 23:29CA: The world's got this terrible inequality,
-
23:29 - 23:30growing inequality problem
-
23:30 - 23:32that seems structural.
-
23:32 - 23:35It does seem to me that if more of your peers
-
23:35 - 23:37took the approach that you two have made,
-
23:37 - 23:39it would make a dent
-
23:39 - 23:40both in that problem and certainly
-
23:40 - 23:41in the perception of that problem.
-
23:41 - 23:43Is that a fair comment?
-
23:43 - 23:45BG: Oh yeah. If you take from the most wealthy
-
23:45 - 23:48and give to the least wealthy, it's good.
-
23:48 - 23:50It tries to balance out, and that's just.
-
23:50 - 23:52MG: But you change systems.
-
23:52 - 23:54In the U.S., we're trying to
change the education system -
23:54 - 23:56so it's just for everybody
-
23:56 - 23:58and it works for all students.
-
23:58 - 24:00That, to me, really changes
-
24:00 - 24:01the inequality balance.
-
24:01 - 24:03BG: That's the most important.
-
24:03 - 24:06(Applause)
-
24:06 - 24:10CA: Well, I really think that most people here
-
24:10 - 24:11and many millions around the world
-
24:11 - 24:14are just in awe of the trajectory
-
24:14 - 24:15your lives have taken
-
24:15 - 24:19and the spectacular degree to which
-
24:19 - 24:21you have shaped the future.
-
24:21 - 24:22Thank you so much for coming to TED
-
24:22 - 24:24and for sharing with us and for all you do.
-
24:24 - 24:26BG: Thank you.
MG: Thank you. -
24:26 - 24:29(Applause)
-
24:35 - 24:39BG: Thank you.
MG: Thank you very much. -
24:39 - 24:43BG: All right, good job. (Applause)
- Title:
- Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done
- Speaker:
- Bill and Melinda Gates
- Description:
-
In 1993, Bill and Melinda Gates—then engaged—took a walk on a beach in Zanzibar, and made a bold decision on how they would make sure that their wealth from Microsoft went back into society. In a conversation with Chris Anderson, the couple talks about their work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as about their marriage, their children, their failures and the satisfaction of giving most of their wealth away.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 25:00
Morton Bast approved English subtitles for Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done | ||
Morton Bast accepted English subtitles for Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Why giving away our wealth has been the most satisfying thing we've done |