[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.34,0:00:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chris Anderson: So, this is an\Ninterview with a difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.95,0:00:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the basis that a picture\Nis worth a thousand words,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.02,0:00:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I did was, I asked Bill and Melinda
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.91,0:00:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dig out from their archive
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.12,0:00:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some images that would help explain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.22,0:00:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of what they've done,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.65,0:00:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do a few things that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.25,0:00:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we're going to start here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.98,0:00:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Melinda, when and where was this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.18,0:00:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who is that handsome man next to you?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.22,0:00:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Melinda Gates: With those big glasses, huh?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.23,0:00:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is in Africa, our very first trip,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.26,0:00:34.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first time either of us had ever been to Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.17,0:00:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the fall of 1993.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.78,0:00:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were already engaged to be married.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.77,0:00:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We married a few months later,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.47,0:00:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this was the trip where we really went to see
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.69,0:00:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the animals and to see the savanna.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.58,0:00:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was incredible. Bill had never taken that much time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.57,0:00:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,off from work.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.98,0:00:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what really touched us, actually, were the people,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.61,0:00:54.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the extreme poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.22,0:00:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started asking ourselves questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.79,0:00:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does it have to be like this?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.60,0:00:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the end of the trip,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.55,0:00:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we went out to Zanzibar,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.65,0:01:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and took some time to walk on the beach,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.13,0:01:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is something we had done a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.50,0:01:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while we were dating.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.82,0:01:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we'd already been talking about during that time
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.79,0:01:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the wealth that had come from Microsoft
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.65,0:01:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be given back to society,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.92,0:01:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was really on that beach walk
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.50,0:01:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we started to talk about, well,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.07,0:01:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what might we do and how might we go about it?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.60,0:01:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So, given that this vacation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.33,0:01:21.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led to the creation of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.53,0:01:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world's biggest private foundation,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.34,0:01:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's pretty expensive as vacations go. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.47,0:01:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: I guess so. We enjoyed it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.94,0:01:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Which of you was the key instigator here,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.84,0:01:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or was it symmetrical?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.79,0:01:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bill Gates: Well, I think we were excited
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.19,0:01:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there'd be a phase of our life
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.65,0:01:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we'd get to work together
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.71,0:01:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and figure out how to give this money back.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.32,0:01:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this stage, we were talking about the poorest,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.47,0:01:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could you have a big impact on them?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.88,0:01:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Were there things that weren't being done?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.80,0:01:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a lot we didn't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.70,0:01:59.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our naïveté is pretty incredible,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.79,0:02:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we look back on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.88,0:02:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we had a certain enthusiasm
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.44,0:02:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that that would be the phase,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.43,0:02:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the post-Microsoft phase
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.16,0:02:10.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be our philanthropy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.39,0:02:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: Which Bill always thought was going to come
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.53,0:02:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after he was 60,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.67,0:02:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he hasn't quite hit 60 yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.33,0:02:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so some things change along the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.52,0:02:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So it started there, but it got accelerated.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.97,0:02:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that was '93, and it was '97, really,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.49,0:02:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before the foundation itself started.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.23,0:02:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MA: Yeah, in '97, we read an article
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.53,0:02:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about diarrheal diseases killing\Nso many kids around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.95,0:02:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we kept saying to ourselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.56,0:02:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well that can't be.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.80,0:02:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the U.S., you just go down to the drug store."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.55,0:02:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we started gathering scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.72,0:02:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and started learning about population,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.18,0:02:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learning about vaccines,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.54,0:02:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learning about what had worked and what had failed,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.93,0:02:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's really when we got going,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.84,0:02:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was in late 1998, 1999.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.22,0:02:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So, you've got a big pot of money
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.97,0:02:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a world full of so many different issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.29,0:02:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How on Earth do you decide what to focus on?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.52,0:03:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Well, we decided that we'd pick two causes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.06,0:03:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever the biggest inequity was globally,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.92,0:03:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there we looked at children dying,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.18,0:03:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children not having enough nutrition to ever develop,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.92,0:03:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and countries that were really stuck,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.42,0:03:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because with that level of death,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.68,0:03:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and parents would have so many kids
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.65,0:03:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they'd get huge population growth,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.16,0:03:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that the kids were so sick
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.29,0:03:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they really couldn't be educated
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.94,0:03:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lift themselves up.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.81,0:03:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that was our global thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.92,0:03:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then in the U.S.,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.64,0:03:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both of us have had amazing educations,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.41,0:03:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we saw that as the way that the U.S.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.46,0:03:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could live up to its promise of equal opportunity
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.47,0:03:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by having a phenomenal education system,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.06,0:03:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the more we learned, the more we realized
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.68,0:03:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not really fulfilling that promise.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.11,0:03:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we picked those two things,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.95,0:03:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everything the foundation does
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.60,0:03:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is focused there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.62,0:03:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So, I asked each of you to pick an image
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.95,0:03:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you like that illustrates your work,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.38,0:03:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Melinda, this is what you picked.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.45,0:04:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's this about?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.92,0:04:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: So I, one of the things I love to do when I travel
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.95,0:04:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to go out to the rural areas and talk to the women,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.06,0:04:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's Bangladesh, India,\Nlots of countries in Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.66,0:04:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I go in as a Western woman without a name.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.07,0:04:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't tell them who I am. Pair of khakis.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.48,0:04:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I kept hearing from women,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.98,0:04:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over and over and over, the more I traveled,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.86,0:04:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I want to be able to use this shot."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.27,0:04:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would be there to talk to them\Nabout childhood vaccines,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.84,0:04:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they would bring the conversation around to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.24,0:04:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But what about the shot I get?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.22,0:04:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is an injection they were\Ngetting called Depo-Provera,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.67,0:04:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a contraceptive.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.65,0:04:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I would come back and\Ntalk to global health experts,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.99,0:04:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'd say, "Oh no, contraceptives
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.54,0:04:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are stocked in in the developing world."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.93,0:04:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you had to dig deeper into the reports,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.92,0:04:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what the team came to me with,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.70,0:04:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is, to have the number one thing
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.84,0:04:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that women tell you in Africa they want to use
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.98,0:04:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stocked out more than 200 days a year
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.60,0:04:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explains why women were saying to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.50,0:04:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I walked 10 kilometers without\Nmy husband knowing it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.05,0:05:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I got to the clinic, and there was nothing there."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.36,0:05:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so condoms were stocked in in Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.17,0:05:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of all the AIDS work that the U.S.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.45,0:05:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and others supported.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.85,0:05:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But women will tell you over and over again,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.52,0:05:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I can't negotiate a condom with my husband.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.13,0:05:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm either suggesting he has AIDS or I have AIDS,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.34,0:05:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I need that tool because then I can space
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.10,0:05:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the births of my children, and I can feed them
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.52,0:05:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have a chance of educating them."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.06,0:05:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Melinda, you're Roman Catholic,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.10,0:05:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you've often been embroiled
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.67,0:05:30.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in controversy over this issue,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.63,0:05:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on the abortion question,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.88,0:05:34.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on both sides, really.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.33,0:05:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you navigate that?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.02,0:05:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: Yeah, so I think that's a really important point,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.13,0:05:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is, we had backed away from contraceptives
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.22,0:05:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a global community.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.38,0:05:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We knew that 210 million women
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.68,0:05:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were saying they wanted access to contraceptives,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.94,0:05:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the contraceptives we have\Nhere in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.58,0:05:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we weren't providing them
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.88,0:05:57.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the political controversy in our country,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.63,0:05:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to me that was just a crime,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.81,0:06:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I kept looking around trying to find the person
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.57,0:06:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would get this back on the global stage,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.92,0:06:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I finally realized I just had to do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.93,0:06:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though I'm Catholic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.60,0:06:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe in contraceptives
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.04,0:06:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like most of the Catholic\Nwomen in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.34,0:06:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who report using contraceptives,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.17,0:06:16.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I shouldn't let that controversy
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.45,0:06:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be the thing that holds us back.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.27,0:06:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We used to have consensus in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.23,0:06:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around contraceptives,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.49,0:06:23.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so we got back to that global consensus,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.97,0:06:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually raised 2.6 billion dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.62,0:06:29.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around exactly this issue for women.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.15,0:06:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.25,0:06:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Bill, this is your graph. What's this about?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.10,0:06:43.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Well, my graph has numbers on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.09,0:06:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.21,0:06:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really like this graph.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.02,0:06:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the number of children
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.00,0:06:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who die before the age of five every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.58,0:06:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what you find is really
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.40,0:06:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a phenomenal success story
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.36,0:06:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is not widely known,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.51,0:07:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are making incredible progress.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.18,0:07:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We go from 20 million
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.56,0:07:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not long after I was born
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.27,0:07:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to now we're down to about six million.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.95,0:07:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a story
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.09,0:07:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,largely of vaccines.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.76,0:07:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Smallpox was killing a couple million kids a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.88,0:07:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was eradicated, so that got down to zero.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.07,0:07:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Measles was killing a couple million a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.91,0:07:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's down to a few hundred thousand.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.61,0:07:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, this is a chart
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.52,0:07:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you want to get that number to continue,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.71,0:07:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's going to be possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.45,0:07:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the science of new vaccines,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.12,0:07:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting the vaccines out to kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.02,0:07:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can actually accelerate the progress.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.74,0:07:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last decade,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.30,0:07:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that number has dropped faster
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.12,0:07:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than ever in history,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.39,0:07:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so I just love the fact that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.12,0:07:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can say, okay, if we can invent new vaccines,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.38,0:07:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can get them out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.89,0:07:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,use the very latest understanding of these things,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.37,0:07:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get the delivery right, that\Nwe can perform a miracle.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.98,0:07:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: I mean, you do the math on this,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.14,0:07:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it works out, I think, literally
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.02,0:07:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to thousands of kids' lives saved every day
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.14,0:08:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to the prior year.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.20,0:08:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not reported.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.04,0:08:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An airliner with 200-plus deaths
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.29,0:08:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a far, far bigger story than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.50,0:08:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does that drive you crazy?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.05,0:08:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Yeah, because it's a silent thing going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.04,0:08:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a kid, one kid at a time.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.71,0:08:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ninety-eight percent of this
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.17,0:08:19.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has nothing to do with natural disasters,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.05,0:08:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet, people's charity,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.53,0:08:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they see a natural disaster, are wonderful.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.05,0:08:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's incredible how people think, okay,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.29,0:08:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could be me, and the money flows.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.06,0:08:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These causes have been a bit invisible.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.47,0:08:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that the Millennium Development Goals
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.68,0:08:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and various things are getting out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.23,0:08:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are seeing some increased generosity,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.07,0:08:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the goal is to get this well below a million,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.34,0:08:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which should be possible in our lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.76,0:08:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Maybe it needed someone
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.94,0:08:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is turned on by numbers and graphs
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.04,0:08:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than just the big, sad face
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.45,0:08:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get engaged.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.11,0:08:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, you've used it in your letter this year,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.83,0:08:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you used basically this argument to say that aid,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.28,0:08:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contrary to the current meme
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.95,0:09:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that aid is kind of worthless and broken,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.04,0:09:01.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that actually it has been effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.99,0:09:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Yeah, well people can take,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.97,0:09:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is some aid that was well-meaning
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.15,0:09:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and didn't go well.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.07,0:09:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's some venture capital investments
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.00,0:09:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were well-meaning and didn't go well.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.90,0:09:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You shouldn't just say, okay, because of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.74,0:09:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we don't have a perfect record,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.86,0:09:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a bad endeavor.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.39,0:09:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You should look at, what was your goal?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.26,0:09:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How are you trying to uplift nutrition
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.87,0:09:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and survival and literacy
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.28,0:09:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so these countries can take care of themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.91,0:09:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and say wow, this is going well,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.91,0:09:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and be smarter.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.19,0:09:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can spend aid smarter.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.03,0:09:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not all a panacea.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.44,0:09:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can do better than venture capital, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.37,0:09:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including big hits like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.16,0:09:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Traditional wisdom is that
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.90,0:09:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's pretty hard for married couples to work together.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.95,0:09:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How have you guys managed it?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.56,0:09:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: Yeah, I've had a lot of women say to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.23,0:09:57.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I really don't think I could work with my husband.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.09,0:09:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That just wouldn't work out."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.24,0:10:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we enjoy it, and we don't --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.83,0:10:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this foundation has been a coming to for both of us
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.32,0:10:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in its continuous learning journey,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.14,0:10:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't travel together as much
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.90,0:10:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the foundation, actually, as we used to
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.83,0:10:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Bill was working at Microsoft.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.29,0:10:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have more trips where\Nwe're traveling separately,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.51,0:10:18.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I always know when I come home,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.65,0:10:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bill's going to be interested in what I learned,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.79,0:10:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's about women or girls
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.53,0:10:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or something new about the vaccine delivery chain,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.22,0:10:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or this person that is a great leader.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.46,0:10:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's going to listen and be really interested.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.92,0:10:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he knows when he comes home,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.52,0:10:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if it's to talk about the speech he did
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.36,0:10:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the data or what he's learned,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.10,0:10:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm really interested,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.34,0:10:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think we have a really\Ncollaborative relationship.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.24,0:10:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we don't every minute together, that's for sure.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.92,0:10:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.09,0:10:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: But now you are, and we're very happy that you are.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.59,0:10:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Melinda, early on, you were basically
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.17,0:10:54.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,largely running the show.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.17,0:10:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Six years ago, I guess,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.38,0:10:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bill came on full time, so moved from Microsoft
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.97,0:10:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and became full time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.08,0:11:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That must have been hard,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.06,0:11:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adjusting to that. No?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.09,0:11:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: Yeah. I think actually,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.15,0:11:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the foundation employees,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.14,0:11:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was way more angst for them
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.68,0:11:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than there was for me about Bill coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.05,0:11:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was actually really excited.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.26,0:11:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, Bill made this decision
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.88,0:11:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even obviously before it got announced in 2006,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.56,0:11:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was really his decision,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.26,0:11:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but again, it was a beach vacation
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.15,0:11:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we were walking on the beach
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.45,0:11:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was starting to think of this idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.71,0:11:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for me, the excitement of Bill
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.33,0:11:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,putting his brain and his heart
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.04,0:11:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against these huge global problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.38,0:11:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these inequities, to me that was exciting.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.71,0:11:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, the foundation employees had angst about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.44,0:11:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.12,0:11:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: That's cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.24,0:11:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: But that went away within three months,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.92,0:11:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once he was there.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.85,0:11:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Including some of the employees.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.51,0:11:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: That's what I said, the employees,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.78,0:11:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it went away for them three\Nmonths after you were there.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.91,0:11:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: No, I'm kidding.\NMG: Oh, you mean, the employees didn't go away.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.23,0:11:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: A few of them did, but —
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.13,0:11:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.96,0:11:56.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So what do you guys argue about?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.90,0:11:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sunday, 11 o'clock,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.56,0:12:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're away from work,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.98,0:12:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what comes up? What's the argument?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.49,0:12:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Because we built this thing
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.14,0:12:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together from the beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.26,0:12:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's this great partnership.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.90,0:12:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had that with Paul Allen
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.76,0:12:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the early days of Microsoft.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.67,0:12:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had it with Steve Ballmer as Microsoft got bigger,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.48,0:12:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now Melinda, and in even stronger,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.48,0:12:21.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equal ways, is the partner,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.37,0:12:23.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we talk a lot about
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.13,0:12:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which things should we give more to,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.26,0:12:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which groups are working well?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.80,0:12:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's got a lot of insight.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.05,0:12:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She'll sit down with the employees a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.70,0:12:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll take the different trips she described.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.82,0:12:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's a lot of collaboration.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.43,0:12:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't think of anything where one of us
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.41,0:12:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had a super strong opinion
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.68,0:12:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about one thing or another?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.52,0:12:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: How about you, Melinda, \Nthough? Can you? (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.32,0:12:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You never know.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.53,0:12:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: Well, here's the thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.06,0:12:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We come at things from different angles,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.80,0:12:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I actually think that's really good.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.73,0:12:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Bill can look at the big data
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.74,0:12:57.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and say, "I want to act based\Non these global statistics."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.75,0:12:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, I come at it from intuition.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.62,0:13:01.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I meet with lots of people on the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.55,0:13:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Bill's taught me to take that
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.53,0:13:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and read up to the global data and see if they match,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.15,0:13:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think what I've taught him
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.24,0:13:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to take that data
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.67,0:13:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and meet with people on the ground to understand,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.28,0:13:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can you actually deliver that vaccine?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.67,0:13:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you get a woman to accept those polio drops
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.87,0:13:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in her child's mouth?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.20,0:13:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the delivery piece
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.76,0:13:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is every bit as important as the science.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.96,0:13:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think it's been more a coming to over time
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.48,0:13:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards each other's point of view,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.78,0:13:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and quite frankly, the work is better because of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.05,0:13:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So, in vaccines and polio and so forth,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.32,0:13:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've had some amazing successes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.12,0:13:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about failure, though?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.35,0:13:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you talk about a failure
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.04,0:13:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe what you've learned from it?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.14,0:13:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Yeah. Fortunately, we can afford a few failures,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.70,0:13:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we've certainly had them.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.84,0:13:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do a lot of drug work or vaccine work
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.22,0:13:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you know you're going to have different failures.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.49,0:13:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, we put out, one that got a lot of publicity
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.72,0:13:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was asking for a better condom.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.02,0:13:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we got hundreds of ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.51,0:13:59.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe a few of those will work out.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.71,0:14:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were very naïve, certainly I was, about a drug
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.09,0:14:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a disease in India, visceral leishmaniasis,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.70,0:14:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I thought, once I got this drug,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.35,0:14:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can just go wipe out the disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.71,0:14:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, turns out it took an injection
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.29,0:14:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every day for 10 days.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.93,0:14:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took three more years to get it than we expected,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.31,0:14:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then there was no way
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.77,0:14:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was going to get out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.14,0:14:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately, we found out
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.36,0:14:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if you go kill the sand flies,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.52,0:14:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you probably can have success there,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.64,0:14:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we spent five years,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.50,0:14:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could say wasted five years,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.88,0:14:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and about 60 million,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.88,0:14:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a path that turned out to have
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.22,0:14:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very modest benefit when we got there.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.39,0:14:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: You're spending, like, a billion dollars a year
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.83,0:14:41.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in education, I think, something like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.77,0:14:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is anything, the story of what's gone right there
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.79,0:14:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is quite a long and complex one.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.25,0:14:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are there any failures that you can talk about?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.17,0:14:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: Well, I would say a huge lesson for us
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.96,0:14:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of the early work is we thought
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.21,0:14:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these small schools were the answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.74,0:14:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and small schools definitely help.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.21,0:15:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They bring down the dropout rate.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.73,0:15:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have less violence and crime in those schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.33,0:15:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the thing that we learned from that work,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.48,0:15:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what turned out to be the fundamental key,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.01,0:15:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a great teacher in front of the classroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.08,0:15:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't have an effective teacher
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.68,0:15:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the front of the classroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.75,0:15:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't care how big or small the building is,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.91,0:15:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're not going to change the trajectory
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.56,0:15:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of whether that student will be ready for college.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.51,0:15:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.11,0:15:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So Melinda, this is you and
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.42,0:15:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your eldest daughter, Jenn.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.97,0:15:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just taken about three weeks ago, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.87,0:15:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,three or four weeks ago. Where was this?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.46,0:15:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: So we went to Tanzania.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.21,0:15:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jenn's been to Tanzania.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.05,0:15:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All our kids have been to Africa quite a bit, actually.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.76,0:15:39.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we did something very different,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.97,0:15:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is, we decided to go spend
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.80,0:15:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two nights and three days with a family.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.22,0:15:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anna and Sanare are the parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.32,0:15:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They invited us to come and stay in their boma.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.35,0:15:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, the goats had been there, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.85,0:15:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living in that particular little hut
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.25,0:15:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on their little compound before we got there.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.92,0:15:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we stayed with their family,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.42,0:15:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we really, really learned
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.35,0:16:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what life is like in rural Tanzania.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.21,0:16:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the difference between just going
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.82,0:16:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and visiting for half a day
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.54,0:16:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or three quarters of a day
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.00,0:16:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,versus staying overnight was profound,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.40,0:16:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so let me just give you one explanation of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.89,0:16:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had six children, and as I talked to Anna
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.02,0:16:15.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the kitchen, we cooked for about five hours
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.79,0:16:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the cooking hut that day,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.44,0:16:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as I talked to her, she had absolutely planned
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.25,0:16:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spaced with her husband
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.72,0:16:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the births of their children.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.16,0:16:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a very loving relationship.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.81,0:16:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was a Maasai warrior and his wife,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.11,0:16:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they had decided to get married,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.02,0:16:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they clearly had respect and love in the relationship.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.36,0:16:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their children, their six children,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.97,0:16:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the two in the middle were twins, 13,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.49,0:16:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a boy, and a girl named Grace.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.74,0:16:39.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we'd go out to chop wood
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.31,0:16:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do all the things that Grace\Nand her mother would do,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.75,0:16:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grace was not a child, she was an adolescent,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.34,0:16:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but she wasn't an adult.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.82,0:16:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was very, very shy.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.57,0:16:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she kept wanting to talk to me and Jenn.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.33,0:16:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We kept trying to engage her, but she was shy.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.16,0:16:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at night, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.77,0:16:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when all the lights went out in rural Tanzania,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.58,0:16:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there was no moon that night,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.08,0:16:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first night, and no stars,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.80,0:17:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Jenn came out of our hut
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.63,0:17:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with her REI little headlamp on,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.45,0:17:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grace went immediately,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.58,0:17:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and got the translator,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.94,0:17:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came straight up to my Jenn and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.03,0:17:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"When you go home,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.26,0:17:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can I have your headlamp
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.44,0:17:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I can study at night?"
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.17,0:17:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Oh, wow.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.25,0:17:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: And her dad had told me
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.73,0:17:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how afraid he was that unlike the son,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.82,0:17:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had passed his secondary exams,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.48,0:17:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of her chores,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.01,0:17:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she'd not done so well
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.45,0:17:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wasn't in the government school yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.26,0:17:27.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "I don't know how I'm\Ngoing to pay for her education.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.79,0:17:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't pay for private school,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.62,0:17:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she may end up on this farm like my wife."
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.20,0:17:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they know the difference
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.32,0:17:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that an education can make
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.35,0:17:37.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a huge, profound way.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.35,0:17:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: I mean, this is another pic
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.77,0:17:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of your other two kids, Rory and Phoebe,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.17,0:17:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with Paul Farmer.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.31,0:17:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bringing up three children
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.92,0:17:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're the world's richest family
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.93,0:17:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seems like a social experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.22,0:17:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without much prior art.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.80,0:17:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How have you managed it?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.33,0:18:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's been your approach?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.54,0:18:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Well, I'd say overall
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.18,0:18:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kids get a great education,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.94,0:18:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you've got to make sure
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.84,0:18:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have a sense of their own ability
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.54,0:18:09.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what they're going to go and do,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.53,0:18:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our philosophy has been
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.90,0:18:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be very clear with them --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.12,0:18:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of the money's going to the foundation --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.67,0:18:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help them find something they're excited about.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.01,0:18:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to strike a balance where they have
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.40,0:18:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the freedom to do anything
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.20,0:18:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not a lot of money showered on them
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.54,0:18:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they could go out and do nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.67,0:18:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so far, they're fairly diligent,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.64,0:18:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,excited to pick their own direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.85,0:18:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: You've obviously guarded their \Nprivacy carefully for obvious reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.42,0:18:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm curious why you've given me permission
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.62,0:18:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show this picture now here at TED.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.24,0:18:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: Well, it's interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.38,0:18:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As they get older, they so know
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.22,0:18:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our family belief is about responsibility,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.23,0:18:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are in an unbelievable situation
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.34,0:18:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to live in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.96,0:18:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have a great education,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.65,0:18:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have a responsibility\Nto give back to the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.70,0:18:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so as they get older
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.75,0:18:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are teaching them --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.77,0:19:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have been to so many\Ncountries around the world —
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.13,0:19:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.26,0:19:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we do want people to know that we believe
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.02,0:19:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what you're doing, Mom and Dad,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.52,0:19:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is okay to show us more.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.48,0:19:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have their permission to show this picture,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.13,0:19:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think Paul Farmer is probably going to put it
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.84,0:19:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eventually in some of his work.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.30,0:19:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they really care deeply
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.90,0:19:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the mission of the foundation, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.33,0:19:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: You've easily got enough money
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.25,0:19:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite your vast contributions to the foundation
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.84,0:19:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make them all billionaires.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.47,0:19:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that your plan for them?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.99,0:19:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Nope. No. They won't have anything like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:29.33,0:19:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They need to have a sense
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.26,0:19:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that their own work is meaningful and important.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.80,0:19:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We read an article long, actually,\Nbefore we got married,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.27,0:19:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where Warren Buffett talked about that,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.92,0:19:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're quite convinced that it wasn't a favor
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.16,0:19:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either to society or to the kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.42,0:19:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Well, speaking of Warren Buffett,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.49,0:19:54.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something really amazing happened in 2006,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:54.15,0:19:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when somehow your only real rival
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.11,0:19:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for richest person in America
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.66,0:20:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly turned around and agreed to give
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.03,0:20:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80 percent of his fortune
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.62,0:20:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to your foundation.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.34,0:20:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How on Earth did that happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.08,0:20:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I guess there's a long version\Nand a short version of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.06,0:20:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got time for the short version.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.44,0:20:13.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: All right. Well, Warren was a close friend,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.19,0:20:17.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was going to have his wife Suzie
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.85,0:20:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give it all away.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.40,0:20:22.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tragically, she passed away before he did,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.85,0:20:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's big on delegation, and
Dialogue: 0,0:20:26.44,0:20:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— (Laughter) —
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.60,0:20:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he said —
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.01,0:20:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Tweet that.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.87,0:20:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: If he's got somebody\Nwho is doing something well,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.03,0:20:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is willing to do it at no charge,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:38.49,0:20:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe that's okay. But we were stunned.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.86,0:20:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: Totally stunned.\NBG: We had never expected it,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.96,0:20:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has been unbelievable.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.52,0:20:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's allowed us to increase our ambition
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.66,0:20:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what the foundation can do quite dramatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.28,0:20:52.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Half the resources we have
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.79,0:20:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come from Warren's mind-blowing generosity.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.67,0:20:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And I think you've pledged that
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.55,0:20:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the time you're done,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.34,0:21:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than, or 95 percent of your wealth,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.22,0:21:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be given to the foundation.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.12,0:21:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.27,0:21:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And since this relationship, it's amazing—
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.02,0:21:10.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.39,0:21:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And recently, you and Warren
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.02,0:21:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been going around trying to persuade
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.90,0:21:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other billionaires and successful people
Dialogue: 0,0:21:16.88,0:21:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pledge to give, what,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.40,0:21:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than half of their assets for philanthropy.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:24.16,0:21:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is that going?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:26.58,0:21:29.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Well, we've got about 120 people
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.75,0:21:32.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have now taken this giving pledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.18,0:21:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The thing that's great is that we get together
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.79,0:21:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yearly and talk about, okay,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:36.90,0:21:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do you hire staff, what do you give to them?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.86,0:21:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're not trying to homogenize it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:40.09,0:21:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, the beauty of philanthropy
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.14,0:21:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is this mind-blowing diversity.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:43.15,0:21:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People give to some things.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.31,0:21:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We look and go, "Wow."
Dialogue: 0,0:21:46.99,0:21:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's great.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.10,0:21:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the role of philanthropy
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.23,0:21:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to pick different approaches,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.71,0:21:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including even in one space, like education.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.70,0:21:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need more experimentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.08,0:21:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's been wonderful, meeting those people,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.98,0:22:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sharing their journey to philanthropy,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.21,0:22:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they involve their kids,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.32,0:22:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they're doing it differently,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.15,0:22:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's been way more successful than we expected.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.86,0:22:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it looks like it'll just keep growing in size
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.55,0:22:12.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the years ahead.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.11,0:22:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: And having people see that other people
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.63,0:22:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are making change with philanthropy,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:17.33,0:22:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, these are people who have
Dialogue: 0,0:22:19.67,0:22:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created their own businesses,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.71,0:22:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put their own ingenuity behind incredible ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.36,0:22:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they put their ideas and their brain
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.58,0:22:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind philanthropy, they can change the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.12,0:22:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they start to see others doing it, and saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.41,0:22:32.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Wow, I want to do that with my own money."
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.45,0:22:34.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To me, that's the piece that's incredible.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.49,0:22:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: It seems to me, it's actually really hard
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.41,0:22:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for some people to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.66,0:22:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even how to remotely spend that much money
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.34,0:22:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on something else.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:43.51,0:22:45.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are probably some billionaires in the room
Dialogue: 0,0:22:45.61,0:22:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and certainly some successful people.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.72,0:22:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm curious, can you make the pitch?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.78,0:22:51.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the pitch?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.01,0:22:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Well, it's the most fulfilling thing
Dialogue: 0,0:22:52.39,0:22:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've ever done,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.87,0:22:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can't take it with you,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.84,0:23:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if it's not good for your kids,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:00.02,0:23:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's get together and brainstorm
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.31,0:23:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what we can be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.00,0:23:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world is a far better place
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.19,0:23:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the philanthropists of the past,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.83,0:23:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the U.S. tradition here, which is the strongest,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:11.86,0:23:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the envy of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:13.21,0:23:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And part of the reason I'm so optimistic
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.13,0:23:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because I do think philanthropy
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.07,0:23:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to grow
Dialogue: 0,0:23:18.69,0:23:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and take some of these things
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.81,0:23:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government's not just good at\Nworking on and discovering
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.71,0:23:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shine some light in the right direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.18,0:23:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: The world's got this terrible inequality,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.12,0:23:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growing inequality problem
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.28,0:23:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that seems structural.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.74,0:23:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It does seem to me that if more of your peers
Dialogue: 0,0:23:34.61,0:23:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took the approach that you two have made,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.98,0:23:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would make a dent
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.57,0:23:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both in that problem and certainly
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.84,0:23:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the perception of that problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.44,0:23:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that a fair comment?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.84,0:23:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Oh yeah. If you take from the most wealthy
Dialogue: 0,0:23:44.50,0:23:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give to the least wealthy, it's good.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.83,0:23:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It tries to balance out, and that's just.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.97,0:23:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MG: But you change systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:51.72,0:23:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the U.S., we're trying to\Nchange the education system
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.34,0:23:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's just for everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:23:56.40,0:23:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it works for all students.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.96,0:23:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That, to me, really changes
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.85,0:24:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the inequality balance.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:01.01,0:24:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: That's the most important.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.59,0:24:06.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.14,0:24:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Well, I really think that most people here
Dialogue: 0,0:24:09.55,0:24:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many millions around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:24:11.30,0:24:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are just in awe of the trajectory
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.85,0:24:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your lives have taken
Dialogue: 0,0:24:15.15,0:24:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the spectacular degree to which
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.88,0:24:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have shaped the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.00,0:24:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you so much for coming to TED
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.34,0:24:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for sharing with us and for all you do.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.80,0:24:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Thank you.\NMG: Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.74,0:24:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.52,0:24:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: Thank you.\NMG: Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.91,0:24:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BG: All right, good job. (Applause)