How I fell in love with quasars, blazars and our incredible universe

Jedidah Isler first fell in love with the night sky as a little girl. Now she’s an astrophysicist who studies supermassive hyperactive black holes. In a charming talk, she takes us trillions of kilometers from Earth to introduce us to objects that can be 1 to 10 billion times the mass of the sun — and which sometimes shoot powerful jet streams of particles in our direction.

My first love was for the night sky.

Love is complicated.

You're looking at a fly-through of the
Hubble Space Telescope Ultra-Deep Field,

one of the most distant images
of our universe ever observed.

Everything you see here is a galaxy,

comprised of billions of stars each.

And the the farthest galaxy is
a trillion, trillion kilometers away.

As an astrophysicist, I have
the awesome privilege of studying

some of the most exotic objects
in our universe.

The objects that have captivated me
from first crush throughout my career

are supermassive,
hyperactive black holes.

Weighing one to 10 billion times
the mass of our own sun,

these galactic black holes
are devouring material,

at a rate of upwards of
1,000 times more

than your "average"
supermassive black hole.

(Laughter)

These two characteristics,

with a few others, make them quasars.

At the same time, the objects I study

are producing some of the most
powerful particle streams

ever observed.

These narrow streams, called jets,

are moving at 99.99 percent
of the speed of light,

and are pointed directly at the Earth.

These jetted, Earth-pointed, hyperactive
and supermassive black holes

are called blazars, or blazing quasars.

What makes blazars so special
is that they're some of the universe's

most efficient particle accelerators,

transporting incredible amounts
of energy throughout a galaxy.

Here, I'm showing an
artist's conception of a blazar.

The dinner plate by which
material falls onto the black hole

is called the accretion disc,

shown here in blue.

Some of that material is slingshotted
around the black hole

and accelerated to insanely high speeds

in the jet, shown here in white.

Although the blazar system is rare,

the process by which nature
pulls in material via a disk,

and then flings some of it out via a jet,
is more common.

We'll eventually zoom out of
the blazar system

to show its approximate relationship
to the larger galactic context.

Beyond the cosmic accounting
of what goes in to what goes out,

one of the hot topics in
blazar astrophysics right now

is where the highest-energy
jet emission comes from.

In this image, I'm interested
in where this white blob forms

and if, as a result, there's any
relationship between the jet

and the accretion disc material.

Clear answers to this question

were almost completely
inaccessible until 2008,

when NASA launched a new telescope
that better detects gamma ray light --

that is, light with energies
a million times higher

than your standard x-ray scan.

I simultaneously compare variations
between the gamma ray light data

and the visible light data from
day to day and year to year,

to better localize these gamma ray blobs.

My research shows that in some instances,

these blobs form much closer
to the black hole

than we initially thought.

As we more confidently localize

where these gamma ray
blobs are forming,

we can better understand how jets
are being accelerated,

and ultimately reveal
the dynamic processes

by which some of the most fascinating
objects in our universe are formed.

This all started as a love story.

And it still is.

This love transformed me from
a curious, stargazing young girl

to a professional astrophysicist,

hot on the heels of celestial discovery.

Who knew that chasing after the universe

would ground me so deeply
to my mission here on Earth.

Then again, when do we ever know
where love's first flutter

will truly take us.

Thank you.

(Applause)