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How AI can enhance our memory, work and social lives
-
0:01 - 0:05I'm here to offer you
a new way to think about my field, -
0:05 - 0:07artificial intelligence.
-
0:07 - 0:09I think the purpose of AI
-
0:09 - 0:12is to empower humans
with machine intelligence. -
0:13 - 0:16And as machines get smarter,
-
0:16 - 0:17we get smarter.
-
0:18 - 0:20I call this "humanistic AI" --
-
0:20 - 0:24artificial intelligence
designed to meet human needs -
0:24 - 0:27by collaborating and augmenting people.
-
0:28 - 0:30Now, today I'm happy to see
-
0:30 - 0:32that the idea of an intelligent assistant
-
0:32 - 0:34is mainstream.
-
0:34 - 0:39It's the well-accepted metaphor
for the interface between humans and AI. -
0:40 - 0:42And the one I helped create
is called Siri. -
0:43 - 0:44You know Siri.
-
0:44 - 0:47Siri is the thing that knows your intent
-
0:47 - 0:49and helps you do it for you,
-
0:49 - 0:50helps you get things done.
-
0:50 - 0:53But what you might not know
is that we designed Siri -
0:54 - 0:56as humanistic AI,
-
0:56 - 0:59to augment people
with a conversational interface -
0:59 - 1:02that made it possible for them
to use mobile computing, -
1:02 - 1:06regardless of who they were
and their abilities. -
1:07 - 1:08Now for most of us,
-
1:08 - 1:11the impact of this technology
-
1:11 - 1:14is to make things
a little bit easier to use. -
1:14 - 1:16But for my friend Daniel,
-
1:17 - 1:21the impact of the AI
in these systems is a life changer. -
1:21 - 1:26You see, Daniel is a really social guy,
-
1:26 - 1:28and he's blind and quadriplegic,
-
1:29 - 1:32which makes it hard to use those devices
that we all take for granted. -
1:32 - 1:35The last time I was at his house,
his brother said, -
1:35 - 1:37"Hang on a second, Daniel's not ready.
-
1:37 - 1:39He's on the phone with a woman
he met online." -
1:40 - 1:42I'm like, "That's cool, how'd he do it?"
-
1:42 - 1:46Well, Daniel uses Siri
to manage his own social life -- -
1:47 - 1:49his email, text and phone --
-
1:49 - 1:51without depending on his caregivers.
-
1:53 - 1:54This is kind of interesting, right?
-
1:54 - 1:56The irony here is great.
-
1:56 - 1:58Here's the man whose relationship with AI
-
1:59 - 2:02helps him have relationships
with genuine human beings. -
2:03 - 2:06And this is humanistic AI.
-
2:07 - 2:10Another example with
life-changing consequences -
2:10 - 2:11is diagnosing cancer.
-
2:13 - 2:15When a doctor suspects cancer,
-
2:15 - 2:18they take a sample
and send it to a pathologist, -
2:18 - 2:20who looks at it under a microscope.
-
2:20 - 2:23Now, pathologists look at
hundreds of slides -
2:23 - 2:25and millions of cells every day.
-
2:26 - 2:27So to support this task,
-
2:27 - 2:30some researchers made an AI classifier.
-
2:32 - 2:36Now, the classifier says,
"Is this cancer or is this not cancer?" -
2:36 - 2:37looking at the pictures.
-
2:38 - 2:40The classifier was pretty good,
-
2:41 - 2:43but not as good as the person,
-
2:44 - 2:46who got it right most of the time.
-
2:46 - 2:53But when they combine the ability
of the machine and the human together, -
2:53 - 2:56accuracy went to 99.5 percent.
-
2:57 - 3:02Adding that AI to a partnership
eliminated 85 percent of the errors -
3:02 - 3:06that the human pathologist
would have made working alone. -
3:07 - 3:10That's a lot of cancer
that would have otherwise gone untreated. -
3:11 - 3:13Now, for the curious, it turns out
-
3:13 - 3:17that the human was better
at rejecting false positives, -
3:17 - 3:20and the machine was better
at recognizing those hard-to-spot cases. -
3:20 - 3:23But the lesson here isn't about
which agent is better -
3:23 - 3:25at this image-classification task.
-
3:26 - 3:28Those things are changing every day.
-
3:28 - 3:29The lesson here
-
3:29 - 3:33is that by combining the abilities
of the human and machine, -
3:33 - 3:38it created a partnership
that had superhuman performance. -
3:39 - 3:41And that is humanistic AI.
-
3:43 - 3:45Now let's look at another example
-
3:45 - 3:47with turbocharging performance.
-
3:47 - 3:49This is design.
-
3:49 - 3:51Now, let's say you're an engineer.
-
3:51 - 3:53You want to design a new frame for a drum.
-
3:53 - 3:56You get out your favorite
software tools, CAD tools, -
3:56 - 4:00and you enter the form and the materials
and then you analyze performance. -
4:00 - 4:01That gives you one design.
-
4:02 - 4:06If you give those same tools to an AI,
-
4:06 - 4:09it can generate thousands of designs.
-
4:10 - 4:12This video by Autodesk is amazing.
-
4:12 - 4:13This is real stuff.
-
4:14 - 4:17So this transforms how we do design.
-
4:17 - 4:19The human engineer now
-
4:19 - 4:22says what the design should achieve,
-
4:22 - 4:23and the machine says,
-
4:23 - 4:25"Here's the possibilities."
-
4:26 - 4:29Now in her job, the engineer's job
-
4:29 - 4:32is to pick the one that best meets
the goals of the design, -
4:32 - 4:35which she knows as a human
better than anyone else, -
4:35 - 4:37using human judgment and expertise.
-
4:37 - 4:39In this case, the winning form
-
4:39 - 4:42looks kind of like something
nature would have designed, -
4:42 - 4:44minus a few million years of evolution
-
4:44 - 4:46and all that unnecessary fur.
-
4:48 - 4:53Now let's see where this idea
of humanistic AI might lead us -
4:53 - 4:56if we follow it into
the speculative beyond. -
4:56 - 4:59What's a kind of augmentation
that we would all like to have? -
5:00 - 5:02Well, how about cognitive enhancement?
-
5:04 - 5:05Instead of asking,
-
5:05 - 5:07"How smart can we make our machines?"
-
5:07 - 5:09let's ask
-
5:09 - 5:11"How smart can our machines make us?"
-
5:13 - 5:15I mean, take memory for example.
-
5:16 - 5:18Memory is the foundation
of human intelligence. -
5:20 - 5:23But human memory is famously flawed.
-
5:24 - 5:26We're great at telling stories,
-
5:26 - 5:28but not getting the details right.
-
5:28 - 5:31And our memories -- they decay over time.
-
5:31 - 5:34I mean, like, where did the '60s go,
and can I go there, too? -
5:34 - 5:36(Laughter)
-
5:37 - 5:41But what if you could have a memory
that was as good as computer memory, -
5:42 - 5:45and was about your life?
-
5:46 - 5:49What if you could remember
every person you ever met, -
5:49 - 5:50how to pronounce their name,
-
5:50 - 5:53their family details,
their favorite sports, -
5:53 - 5:55the last conversation you had with them?
-
5:55 - 5:57If you had this memory all your life,
-
5:57 - 6:01you could have the AI look
at all the interactions -
6:01 - 6:02you had with people over time
-
6:02 - 6:06and help you reflect on the long arc
of your relationships. -
6:07 - 6:12What if you could have the AI read
everything you've ever read, -
6:12 - 6:14and listen to every song
you've ever heard? -
6:15 - 6:19From the tiniest clue,
it could help you retrieve -
6:19 - 6:21anything you've ever seen or heard before.
-
6:22 - 6:25Imagine what that would do
for the ability to make new connections -
6:25 - 6:27and form new ideas.
-
6:27 - 6:29And what about our bodies?
-
6:30 - 6:34What if we could remember the consequences
of every food we eat, -
6:34 - 6:36every pill we take,
-
6:36 - 6:38every all-nighter we pull?
-
6:39 - 6:42We could do our own science
on our own data -
6:42 - 6:46about what makes us feel
good and stay healthy. -
6:46 - 6:48And imagine how this could revolutionize
-
6:48 - 6:51the way we manage
allergies and chronic disease. -
6:53 - 6:58I believe that AI will make
personal memory enhancement a reality. -
6:59 - 7:02I can't say when or what
form factors are involved, -
7:03 - 7:05but I think it's inevitable,
-
7:06 - 7:11because the very things
that make AI successful today -- -
7:11 - 7:13the availability of comprehensive data
-
7:13 - 7:17and the ability for machines
to make sense of that data -- -
7:17 - 7:20can be applied to the data of our lives.
-
7:21 - 7:24And those data are here today,
available for all of us, -
7:24 - 7:28because we lead digitally mediated lives,
-
7:29 - 7:31in mobile and online.
-
7:32 - 7:36In my view, a personal memory
is a private memory. -
7:36 - 7:40We get to choose what is and is not
recalled and retained. -
7:41 - 7:44It's absolutely essential
that this be kept very secure. -
7:45 - 7:47Now for most of us,
-
7:47 - 7:50the impact of augmented personal memory
-
7:50 - 7:52will be a more improved mental gain,
-
7:52 - 7:55maybe, hopefully, a bit more social grace.
-
7:57 - 8:01But for the millions who suffer
from Alzheimer's and dementia, -
8:03 - 8:05the difference that augmented
memory could make -
8:05 - 8:08is a difference
between a life of isolation -
8:09 - 8:11and a life of dignity and connection.
-
8:12 - 8:18We are in the middle of a renaissance
in artificial intelligence right now. -
8:19 - 8:21I mean, in just the past few years,
-
8:21 - 8:24we're beginning to see
solutions to AI problems -
8:24 - 8:28that we have struggled
with literally for decades: -
8:29 - 8:32speech understanding, text understanding,
-
8:32 - 8:33image understanding.
-
8:34 - 8:38We have a choice in how we use
this powerful technology. -
8:39 - 8:44We can choose to use AI
to automate and compete with us, -
8:44 - 8:48or we can use AI to augment
and collaborate with us, -
8:48 - 8:51to overcome our cognitive limitations
-
8:51 - 8:54and to help us do what we want to do,
-
8:54 - 8:56only better.
-
8:56 - 9:03And as we discover new ways
to give machines intelligence, -
9:03 - 9:06we can distribute that intelligence
-
9:06 - 9:08to all of the AI assistants in the world,
-
9:08 - 9:12and therefore to every person,
regardless of circumstance. -
9:13 - 9:15And that is why,
-
9:15 - 9:18every time a machine gets smarter,
-
9:19 - 9:20we get smarter.
-
9:21 - 9:25That is an AI worth spreading.
-
9:25 - 9:26Thank you.
-
9:26 - 9:30(Applause)
- Title:
- How AI can enhance our memory, work and social lives
- Speaker:
- Tom Gruber
- Description:
-
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 09:46
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Yasushi Aoki
frame for a drum -> frame for a drone