LIFE BEYOND II: The Museum of Alien Life (4K)

Soundtrack: https://bit.ly/3lo7cnH Support this project on Patreon: http://patreon.com/melodysheep

What if there was a museum that contained every type of life form in the universe? This experience takes you on a tour through the possible forms alien life might take, from the eerily familiar to the utterly exotic, ranging from the inside of the Earth to the most hostile corners of the universe.

New research is upending our idea of life and where it could be hiding: not just on Earth-like planets, where beings could mimic what our planet has produced, but in far flung places like the hearts of dead stars and the rings of gas giant planets. Nowhere in the universe is off limits.

Only when we know what else is out there will we truly know ourselves. This thought experiment will give us a glimpse into what could be out there, how we might find it, and just how far nature’s imagination might stretch.

Big thanks to Protocol Labs for their continued support of this series: https://protocol.ai.

Concept, visuals, and score by melodysheep, aka John D. Boswell. Narrated by Will Crowley. Additional visuals by Lynn Huberty, Tim Stupak, NASA, and Evolve. Featuring soundbites from Nick Lane, Jonathan Losos, Caleb Scharf, Jack Cohen, and Jill Tarter.

Featuring clips from Lynn Huberty’s amazing film “SHYAMA”: https://bit.ly/3d6xtUF

Thanks especially to:
Lynn Huberty
Juan Benet
Rowdy Jansen
Eddy Adams: http://www.eddyadams.com
Kimi Ushida: http://Eff.org
Gregory Cohen: www.DesignFirebrand.com
Eric Capuano: http://reconinfosec.com
John Maier
Logan
Ali Aljumayd
Caleb Levesque
Eric Malette
Brandon Sanders
Tim Stupak

And to all my supporters on Patreon: Ada Cerna, Adam Orand, Ajish Balakrishnan, Aksel Tjønn, Ali Akın Kurnaz, Andrew Edwards, Andrew Valenti, Antoine C, Antoni Simelio, Augustas Babelis, Bhisham Mahtani, Bradley Gallant, Brant Stokes, Daniel Saltzman, Caleb Levesque, Case K., Cheshire 2e du nom, Chinmay Kumar, Chris Wilken, Christian Oehne, Christina Winikoff, Christopher Heald, Chung Tran, Colin Glover, Corentin Kerisit, Cozza38, Crystal, Dan Alvesved, Danaos Christopoulos, Dave LeCompte, Davee Hallinan, David Lyneham, david p boswell, David Southpaw, denise frey, Derick Yan, Dexter, dixon1829, Don Loristo, Dylan Webb, Eico Neumann, Eyubed Balcha, Ezri Dax, Gaétan Marras, Gary Wei, geekiskhan, Genesplicer, Giulia C., Håkon A. Hjortland, Hans Husurianto, Henry R. Seymour, Heribert Breidsamer, ilkercan Kaya, Iota Katari, is8ac, Jackie Pham, James O'Connor, Jayson Hale, Jean Neyrial, Jessica Turner, Jimpy, JM_Borg, Jordan Swickard, Jose Contreras, Joshua Oram, JousterL, Julian Büttner, Julio Hernández Camero, kaynen brown, Kristin & Alan Cameron, Laine Boswell, Lars Støttrup Nielsen, Laura, Laura Liddington, Layne Burnett, LemonHead, Lennart Klootwijk, Leo Botinelly, Leonard van Vliet, lloll887, Manu Galán García, Maraiu, Marco Cardamone, Mark Christopher, Mark T., Markus Oinonen, Marlin Balzer, Martin Majernik, Matthew Jacoby, Matthew Ullrich, Maxime Marois, Mehdi Bennani, Michael Li, Michelle Wilcox, Mike Norkus, Mind Wave, Mitchel Humpherys, Mohammed Aldaabil, Nathan, Nicholas Martin, Nikita Temryazansky, Nina Atesh, Nina Barton, Ninel, Patrick Keim, Patrick Schouten, Peycho Ivanov, PonWer, Preston Maness, Radu Turcan, Ramsey Elbasheer, Randall Bollig, Raz, RedOptics, Reg Reyes, Richard Sundvall, Richard Williams, Rob Phillips, Robin Kuenkel, Runi Winther Johnsen, Samih Fadli, Sandra, Sandro Heinimann, Scarlet Fortuna, Silas Rech, SilverFolfy, Smoka_Lad, SpartanLegends, Stefan, SunaScorpion, SymeSynth, The Cleaner, The Fellowship of Doge, TheHumungus, Timothé Wegiersky, Timothy E Plum, Trevor Robertson, Verissimus, Vinh Vo, Virgile Coulot, Whitney Champion, William Ronholm, Wise Doane, Wolfgang Bernecker, Yannic, ZAB, Алексей Козловский

Sources coming soon.

Peace and love,

melodysheeep
http://melodysheep.com
twitter: @musicalscience
instagram: @melodysheep_

(Narrator)
To have any hope of finding alien life,

we have to know what to look for.

But where do we begin?

How do we narrow down a
seemingly infinite set of possibilities?

There's one thing we know for sure:

nature will have to play by her own rules.

No matter how strange alien life might be,

it's going to be limited by the same
physical and chemical laws

that we are.

On top of this,

each alien environment will further limit

what kinds of lifeforms can evolve there.

Despite these natural boundaries,

the possibilities are staggering
to imagine.

Trillions of planets,
each a unique cauldron of chemicals

undergoing their own complex evolution.

To guide our thinking,
this museum of alien life

will be divided into two exhibits:

life as we know it,

home to beings
with biochemistries like ours;

and life as we don't know it,

home to beings that challenge our concept

of life itself.

Before we venture
too far into the unknown,

we have to ask ourselves:

what if alien life

is more like us than we think?

If there's one feature that unites us

with the other specimens in this museum,

it's carbon.

(Nick Lane) Carbon is ubiquitous,

it's one of the most common
elements in the universe,

and it's very good at forming
large, stable molecules.

(Narrator)
Carbon has the rare ability to form

four-way bonds
with other elements,

and to bind to itself

in long, stable chains,

enabling the formation of
huge complex molecules.

This versatility makes carbon
the centerpiece

in the molecular machinery of life.

And the same carbon compounds
that we use

have been found far from Earth,

clinging to meteorites,

and floating in far-off clouds

of cosmic dust.

The building blocks of life,

drifting like snow through the universe.

And if alien life has selected
other carbon compounds

for their biochemistry,

they will have plenty to choose from.

Scientists recently identified

over a million possible
alternatives to DNA—

all carbon-based.

If we ever discover
other carbon-based lifeforms,

we would be fundamentally related.

They would be our cosmic brethren.

But would they look anything like us?

If they hail from Earth-like planets,

we could share even more in common

than just our biochemistry.

(Jonathan Losos)
What would life be like on other planets,

if it is evolved?

Would it be like
the world today here on Earth,

or would it be completely different?

There are those who argue that,

from the argument of convergent evolution,

if conditions on other planets
are similar to here,

then we would see very similar life forms.

Animal- and plant-like organisms
that look very familiar.

(Narrator)
On Earth, certain features like

eyesight, echolocation, and flight

have evolved multiple times
independently in different species.

This process of convergent evolution

could extend to alien planets like Earth,

where creatures face similar
environmental pressures.

It's no guarantee,
but there could be

certain universalities of life.

The greatest hits of evolution
on repeat across the universe.

Each feature would be attuned
to its local environment.

Dimly lit planets

would produce
huge eyes to suck in extra light,

like nocturnal mammals.

(Jonathan Losos)
Some people have gone so far as to say

that human-type organisms,

humanoids,

will occur on other planets.

The existence of other

humanlike organisms seems unlikely,

given the long, convoluted
chain of events

that produced us.

But we can't rule it out.

If just one in every
hundred trillion Earth-like planets

produced a humanlike form,

there could still be

thousands of creatures like us out there.

Convergent evolution is also rampant
in plant life,

and C₄ photosynthesis

has arisen independently over 40 times.

Would alien plants look like ours

or something else entirely?

On Earth,
plants appear green

because they absorb the other wavelengths

in the Sun's light spectrum.

But stars come in many colors,

and alien plants would evolve
different pigments

to adapt to their sun's unique spectrum.

Plants feeding off hotter stars

could appear redder,

by absorbing their energy-rich

bluer light.

Around dim red dwarf stars,

vegetation could appear black,

adapted to absorb

all visible wavelengths of light.

Earth itself
may have once appeared purple,

due a pigment called retinal that was

an early precursor to chlorophyll.

Some think that
retinal's molecular simplicity

could make it a more universal pigment.

If so,

we may find that purple

is life's favorite color.

But the color of alien vegetation

is more than just a curiosity—

it's chemical information

that can be seen from lightyears away.

Earth plants leave a signature "bump"

in the light reflected off our planet.

Finding a similar signal
from another world

could point the way to alien vegetation.

Perhaps this will be

our first glimpse at alien life:

a vibrant hue cast by a distant world.

(Caleb Scharf)
What happens when you change

the day length of a planet?

What happens when you change

the tilt of a planet?

What happens when you change

the shape of the orbit?

What happens when you change

the gravity of a planet?

(Narrator)
Planets with long, elliptical orbits

would see drastic seasons.

There could be worlds

that appear dead for thousands of years,

then suddenly spring to life.

Most of the rocky planets
discovered so far

have been massive "super-Earths".

How would life evolve on these worlds?

In the seas,

gravity may not matter much at all.

(Unnamed)
A high-gravity planet

isn't high-gravity all over.

If you're in the sea
and that's where all life starts,

there's very nearly no gravity

'cause you're much the same density
as the stuff around you.

It's when the animals come out on land,

that they feel the gravity.

High g-forces would necessitate

large bones and muscle mass

in complex life on land.

They would also demand

a more robust circulatory system.

And plant life could be stunted

by the energy cost of carrying nutrients

under stronger gravity.

Low-gravity planets

would more easily
lose their atmospheres to space,

and lack a magnetic field

to protect from cosmic rays.

But smaller worlds could be home

to secret oases:

huge cave systems that provide hideouts

for life.

The smallest possible habitable planets

are estimated at 2.5%

Earth's mass.

If surface life does evolve
on these worlds,

it could be a sight to behold.

Plant life could grow to towering heights,

able to carry nutrients higher
in lesser gravity.

And without the need

for bulky skeletons and muscle mass,

animals could have body types

that boggle the mind.

Here on Earth,

it took three billion years for evolution

to produce complex plant and animal life.

Simpler organisms are hardier,

more adaptable,

and more widespread.

The largest collection

in the museum of alien life

would likely be the "Hall of Microbes".

Yet finding even the tiniest alien microbe

would be a profound discovery.

And bite-sized life

could leave a big footprint.

Like stromatolites on Earth,

layers of microbes could build up

into huge rock mounds over time,

leaving behind eerie structures.

And in big enough numbers,

some alien bacteria could leave

a distinct biosignature

by exhaling gases that wouldn't
coexist naturally,

like oxygen and methane.

(Shawn Domagal-Goldman)
There's ways to make

oxygen without life,
there's ways to make

methane without life,

but to have them in the atmosphere together

is almost impossible unless you've got

biology making those gases at the surface.

And it would have an imprint

on the planet's spectrum of colors.

(Narrator)
Next-generation space telescopes

could find a signal like this,

on a world not far from home.

(Chris Crowe)
The closest Sun-like star

with an Earth-like exoplanet
in the habitable zone

is probably only 20 light years away,

and can be seen with the naked eye.

Most brown dwarfs are too hot

to support life as we know it.

But some are just cold enough.

All the prime elements for life

have been detected
inside their atmospheres.

And within these clouds,

some layers would provide
ideal temperatures and pressures

for habitability.

There could be photosynthetic plankton
in these skies,

kept aloft by churning upwinds.

And with enough force,
these upwinds could even support

larger, more complex life.

Predators.

This raises a crucial question:

what if we've been looking in
all the wrong places?

What if nature has other ideas?

Most of the universe
is too cold or too hot

for liquid water

and the biochemistry that supports
life as we know it.

But in case our biases are misleading,

we have to cast a wide net—

to search for life outside
the habitable zone,

in places that seem wildly hostile to us.

Exotic environments

will demand exotic biochemistries,

and while no element can match
carbon's versatility,

one contender is a frontrunner.

At first glance,

silicon seem similar to carbon.

It forms the same four-way bonds

and is also abundant in the universe.

But a closer look reveals that

these two elements are false twins.

Silicon bonds are weaker,

and less prone to forming
large, complex molecules.

Despite this,

they can withstand a wider range
of temperatures,

opening up intriguing possibilities.

(Carl Sagan)
Life based on the silicon atom,

instead of carbon,

would be more resistant to the
extreme cold,

providing a whole new range

of weird forms.

(Narrator)
But silicon has a problem:

in the presence of oxygen,

it binds into solid rock.

To avoid turning to stone,

silicon beings might be confined

to oxygen-free environments

like Saturn's frigid moon,

Titan.

Its vast lakes of
liquid methane and ethane

could be an ideal medium

for silicon-based life,

or other radical biochemistries.

Without ample sunlight,

beings on worlds like Titan

would likely be chemosynthetic,

deriving their energy
by breaking down rocks.

Such life forms could have
ultra slow metabolisms,

and life cycles

measured in millions of years.

In high temperatures,

typically rigid silicon-oxygen bonds

become more flexible and reactive,

triggering more dynamic chemistry.

This has led to a truly bizarre proposal:

silicon

silicon-based life forms,

that live inside-

that live inside molten

that live inside molten silicate

molten silicate rock.

In theory,

these forms could

even exist,

deep beneath the Earth...

inside magma chambers,

as part of a..

-of a shadow

-of a shadow biosphere.

If so...

then the aliens

then the aliens are right-

..are right under our noses.

Other shadow biospheres-

have been proposed...

forms of life...

living alongside us-

that we don't even-

know are here.

Including tiny RNA-based life,

small enough to go undetected-

by existing instruments.

[Many billion years ago]

Clouds of dust and empty space,

might seem like the last place-

you did expect to find anything living.

Astronomical Plasma

Astronomical Plasma
But when cosmic dust-

Astronomical Plasma
makes contact with plasma,

Astronomical Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳˢᵗᵉˡˡᵃʳ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
makes contact with plasma,

Astronomical Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳˢᵗᵉˡˡᵃʳ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
‏‏‎ ‎

Astronomical Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳˢᵗᵉˡˡᵃʳ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
a type of ionized gas...

Astronomical Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳˢᵗᵉˡˡᵃʳ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
something strange happens.

Astronomical Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳˢᵗᵉˡˡᵃʳ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ

In simulated conditions

...dust particles,

have been seen-

seen spontaneously...

self-organizing-

into helical structures-

that resemble..

that resemble DNA.

These plasma crystals-

even begin to exhibit-

life-like behavior...

replicating,

evolving into more...

stable forms-

and passing on information.

Could these crystals be considered alive?

To some researchers, they meet all the criteria
to qualify as inorganic life forms.

So far, we have only ever seen them in computer simulations.

But some speculate we could find them
among the ice particles in the rings of Uranus.

Space Plasma

Space Plasma
Plasma is the most-

Space Plasma
common state of matter...

Space Plasma
common state of matter...

Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ‏‏‎ ‎
‏‏‎ ‎

Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
in the Universe.

Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ

Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
If complex evolving-

Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
plasma crystals really exist?

Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
‏‏‎ ‎

Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
and if they can be considered life,

Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
‏‏‎ ‎

Space Plasma ⁱⁿᵗᵉʳ⁻ ˢᵒˡᵃʳ ˢʸˢᵗᵉᵐ ⁱᵒⁿⁱᶻᵉᵈ ᵍᵃˢ
they could be its most common form.

Or perhaps life is lurking in the polar opposite environment:
inside the hearts of dead stars.

When massive suns explode,

some collapse into-

ultra dense cores...

P
ultra dense cores...

PS
ultra dense cores...

PSR
‏‏‎ ‎

PSR B
called neutron stars.

PSR B1
called neutron stars.

PSR B15
called neutron stars.

PSR B150
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-5
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
called neutron stars.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
‏‏‎ ‎

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
Hulking masses of atomic nuclei,

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
‏‏‎ ‎

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
crammed together like sardines.

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
Conditions on the surface-

PSR B1509-58
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
are mind-boggling...

PSR B1509-5
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
are mind-boggling...

PSR B1509-
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
are mind-boggling...

PSR B1509
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ
are mind-boggling...

PSR B150
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ

PSR B15
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ

PSR B1
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ

PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿᵈ

PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒⁿ

PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜᵒ

PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉᶜ

PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈᶦˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡᶦᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖᶦⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢᵉ

PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕ˢ

PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷∕

PSR B
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜⁷

PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄ ˜

PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ᠄

PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗᵉ

PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃᵗ

PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳᵃ

PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ ʳ

PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖⁱⁿ

PSR
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖᶦ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢᵖ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ
ˢ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳˢ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃʳ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉᵃ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸᵉ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ʸ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍʰ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱᵍ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡⁱ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰ ˡ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰⁰

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰⁰

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷⁰

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹⁷

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄ ¹

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ᠄

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜᵉ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿᶜ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃⁿ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗᵃ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢᵗ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱˢ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈⁱ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ
ᵈ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃʳ

PS
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢᵃ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡˢ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘˡ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖᵘ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕ ᵖ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ ∕

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃʳ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗᵃ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢᵗ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ ˢ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒⁿ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳᵒ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗʳ

P
ⁿᵉᵘᵗ

P
ⁿᵉᵘ

P
ⁿᵉ

P
ⁿ

P

gravity..

gravity is a

is a hundred

is a hundred billion times...

stronger than Earths.

But beneath..

their iron nuclei-

iron nuclei crust lies,

something strange...

a hot-

a hot dense

a hot dense sea...

of neutrons-

..neutrons and subatomic particles.

Stripped of their electron shells-

these nuclei would obey entirely...

different laws of chemistry,

based not on the electromagnetic force,

but the strong nuclear force...

which binds nuclei together.

In theory...

these particles could link-up to form-

larger macronuclei...

which could then-

combine into even bigger-

super nuclei.

If so...

then this bewildering environment,

would mimic the basic-

conditions for life.

Heavy nucleon molecules,

floating in a complex-

particle ocean.

Some scientists have-

proposed the unimaginable...

exotic life forms...

drifting through the-

strange particle sea,

living evolving...

and dying on incomprehensibly-

fast time scales...

There's probably no chance of ever detecting
such a strange breed of life.

But there may be hope for finding an even more exotic form.

Life is not something-

that has to evolve naturally.

It can be designed.

And once intelligence-

is introduced into the-

evolutionary process,

a Pandora's box is opened.

Free from typical...

biological limitations,

synthetic and machine-based life-

could be the most...

successful of all.

It could thrive...

almost anywhere,

including the vaccum of space,

opening up vast frontiers...

unavailable to biological organisms.

And compared to the glacial pace-

of natural selection,

technical evolution-

allows exponentially...

faster growth,

adaptability and resilience.

By some estimates,

autonomous self-

replicating machines...

could colonize...

an entire galaxy-

in as little...

as a million years.

We can't predict...

how hyper-intelligent life-

would organize itself,

but in theory,

there could be-

convergent evolution at play.

The electrical properties of Silicon-

might make it a universal basis...

for machine intelligence,

a redemption...

for its biological shortcomings.

With all its potential advantages,

With all its potential advantages, machine life may even be a universal endpoint:

With all its potential advantages, machine life may even be a universal endpoint:
the apex of evolutionary process.

As the universe ages,

perhaps machine intelligence...

would come to dominate,

and naturally occurring-

biological life will be viewed...

as a quaint starting point.

Perhaps...

we ourselves...

will lead this transition,

and the great human experiment...

would be merely...

a first link-

in a sprawling,

intergalactic chain of life.

In the end, we are still the only beings we know of
in the museum of alien life.

To truly know ourselves, we will have to know:

To truly know ourselves, we will have to know:
are we the only ones?

Loren Eiseley has said...

that one does not

meet oneself...

until one catches...

the reflection from an eye-

other than human.

One day that eye-

maybe that...

of an intelligent alien.

And the sooner-

we eschew our...

narrow view of evolution,

the sooner-

we can...

truly explore,

our ultimate origins...

and destinations.

We have seen what could be out there.

And we know how we might find it.

There is only one thing left to do.

Go looking.

End Credit In 3...

End Credit In 2...

End Credit In 1...

End Credit In 0.99...

End Credit In 0.98...

End Credit In 0.97...

End Credit In 0.96...

End Credit In 0.95...

End Credit In 0.94...

End Credit In 0.93...

End Credit In 0.92...

End Credit In 0.92...

End Credit In 0.91...

End Credit In 0.90...

End Credit In 0.89...

End Credit In 0.89...

End Credit In 0.88...

End Credit In 0.87...

End Credit In 0.86...

End Credit In 0.85...

End Credit In 0.84...

End Credit In 0.83...

End Credit In 0.82...

End Credit In 0.82...

End Credit In 0.81...

End Credit In 0.80...

End Credit In 0.79...

End Credit In 0.78...

End Credit In 0.77...

End Credit In 0.76...

End Credit In 0.75...

End Credit In 0.74...

End Credit In 0.73...

End Credit In 0.72...

End Credit In 0.71...

End Credit In 0.70...

End Credit In 0.69...

End Credit In 0.68...

End Credit In 0.67...

End Credit In 0.67...

End Credit In 0.66...

End Credit In 0.65...

End Credit In 0.64...

End Credit In 0.64...

End Credit In 0.63...

End Credit In 0.62...

End Credit In 0.61...

End Credit In 0.60...

End Credit In 0.59...

End Credit In 0.58...

End Credit In 0.57...

End Credit In 0.57...

End Credit In 0.56...

End Credit In 0.54...

End Credit In 0.53...

End Credit In 0.52...

End Credit In 0.51...

End Credit In 0.50...

End Credit In 0.49...

End Credit In 0.48...

End Credit In 0.47...

End Credit In 0.46...

End Credit In 0.45...

End Credit In 0.44...

End Credit In 0.43...

End Credit In 0.42...

End Credit In 0.41...

End Credit In 0.41...

End Credit In 0.40...

End Credit In 0.40...

End Credit In 0.39...

End Credit In 0.38...

End Credit In 0.37...

End Credit In 0.36...

End Credit In 0.35...

End Credit In 0.34...

End Credit In 0.33...

End Credit In 0.32...

End Credit In 0.31...

End Credit In 0.31...

End Credit In 0.30...

End Credit In 0.29...

End Credit In 0.28...

End Credit In 0.27...

End Credit In 0.26...

End Credit In 0.25...

End Credit In 0.24...

End Credit In 0.23...

End Credit In 0.22...

End Credit In 0.21...

End Credit In 0.20...

End Credit In 0.19...

End Credit In 0.18...

End Credit In 0.17...

End Credit In 0.16...

End Credit In 0.15...

End Credit In 0.14...

End Credit In 0.13...

End Credit In 0.13...

End Credit In 0.12...

End Credit In 0.11...

End Credit In 0.10...

End Credit In 0.09...

End Credit In 0.08...

End Credit In 0.07...

End Credit In 0.06...

End Credit In 0.05...

End Credit In 0.05...

End Credit In 0.04...

End Credit In 0.03...

End Credit In 0.03...

End Credit In 0.02...

End Credit In 0.01...

𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴ
ᴠ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪ
ᴠʀ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪs
ᴠʀɢ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ
ᴠʀɢᴛ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪ
ᴇ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄ
ᴇʀ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪᴄ
ᴋ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋ
ᴋɪ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋs
ᴋɪʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋsᴏ
ᴋɪʟʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋsᴏᴀ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋsᴏᴀʀ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋsᴏᴀʀᴇ
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋsᴏᴀʀᴇs
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋsᴏᴀʀᴇs3
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋsᴏᴀʀᴇs3
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏᴜ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

ᴄᴀᴘᴛɪᴏɴɪsᴛ :
ᴠʀɢᴛɪᴄs
ᴇʀɪᴄᴋsᴏᴀʀᴇs3
ᴋɪʟʟᴇʀɢʜᴏᴜʟ
𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏

𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ

𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐘 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐎𝐃𝐘𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐄𝐏
Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs

Sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Protocol Labs
ɴᴀʀʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ

Protocol Labs
ɴᴀʀʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Will Crowley

ɴᴀʀʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʙʏ
Will Crowley
ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ, ᴍᴜsɪᴄ, & ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ

Will Crowley
ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ, ᴍᴜsɪᴄ, & ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ
Melodysheep (John D. Boswell)

ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ, ᴍᴜsɪᴄ, & ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ
Melodysheep (John D. Boswell)
ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀᴅᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ

Melodysheep (John D. Boswell)
ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀᴅᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ
Lynn Huberty

ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀᴅᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴠɪsᴜᴀʟs ʙʏ
Lynn Huberty
Tim Stupak

Lynn Huberty
Tim Stupak
NASA

Tim Stupak
NASA
Evolve

NASA
Evolve
sᴏᴜɴᴅʙɪᴛᴇs ꜰʀᴏᴍ

Evolve
sᴏᴜɴᴅʙɪᴛᴇs ꜰʀᴏᴍ
Nick Lane

sᴏᴜɴᴅʙɪᴛᴇs ꜰʀᴏᴍ
Nick Lane
Jonathan Losos

Nick Lane
Jonathan Losos
Caleb Scharf

Jonathan Losos
Caleb Scharf
Jack Cohen

Caleb Scharf
Jack Cohen
Jill Tarter

Jack Cohen
Jill Tarter
sᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟ ᴛʜᴀɴᴋs ᴛᴏ

Jill Tarter
sᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟ ᴛʜᴀɴᴋs ᴛᴏ
Juan Benet

sᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟ ᴛʜᴀɴᴋs ᴛᴏ
Juan Benet
Rowdy Jansen

Juan Benet
Rowdy Jansen
Lynn Huberty

Rowdy Jansen
Lynn Huberty
Tim Stupak

Lynn Huberty
Tim Stupak
Joel Edwards

Tim Stupak
Joel Edwards
Melodysheep Patreon supporters

Joel Edwards
Melodysheep Patreon supporters
sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴛʜɪs ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀᴛ

Melodysheep Patreon supporters
sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴛʜɪs ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀᴛ
patreon.com/melodysheep

sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴛʜɪs ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀᴛ
patreon.com/melodysheep
Melodysheep.com

patreon.com/melodysheep
Melodysheep.com
Twitter: @musicalscience

Melodysheep.com
Twitter: @musicalscience
Instagram: @melodysheep

Twitter: @musicalscience
Instagram: @melodysheep
ᵃⁿ

Instagram: @melodysheep
ᵃⁿ
Amber Mountain Studios

ᵃⁿ
Amber Mountain Studios
ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ

ɴᴇxᴛ ᴏɴ ʟɪꜰᴇ ʙᴇʏᴏɴᴅ:
Making contact with intelligent life
Intergalactic civilizations
Surviving the end of the universe

sᴏᴜɴᴅᴛʀᴀᴄᴋ ᴄᴏᴍɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴀʟʟ ᴍᴀᴊᴏʀ ᴍᴜsɪᴄ ᴘʟᴀᴛꜰᴏʀᴍs

sᴜᴘᴘᴏʀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇxᴛ ᴄʜᴀᴘᴛᴇʀ ᴀᴛ:
patreon.com/melodysheep