Are we born to run? | Christopher McDougall | TEDxPennQuarter
-
0:07 - 0:09I'm going to talk about
reinventing running. -
0:09 - 0:12You know, it's basically just
right, left, right, left, yeah? -
0:12 - 0:14I mean, we've been doing it
for two million years, -
0:14 - 0:18so it's kind of arrogant to assume
that I've got something to say -
0:18 - 0:21that hasn't been said and performed
better a long time ago. -
0:21 - 0:23But the cool thing about running,
as I've discovered, -
0:24 - 0:27is that something bizarre happens
in this activity all the time. -
0:27 - 0:31Case in point: A couple months ago,
if you saw the New York City Marathon, -
0:31 - 0:34I guarantee you, you saw something
that no one has ever seen before. -
0:35 - 0:39An Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu
turns up at the starting line. -
0:40 - 0:41She's 37 years old.
-
0:41 - 0:44She hasn't won a marathon
of any kind in eight years, -
0:44 - 0:45and a few months previously,
-
0:46 - 0:47she had almost died in childbirth.
-
0:48 - 0:51Derartu Tulu was ready to hang it up
and retire from the sport, -
0:51 - 0:53but she decided she'd go for broke
-
0:53 - 0:57and try for one last big payday
in the marquee event, -
0:57 - 0:58the New York City Marathon.
-
0:58 - 1:02Except -- bad news for Derartu Tulu --
some other people had the same idea, -
1:02 - 1:04including the Olympic gold medalist,
-
1:04 - 1:07and Paula Radcliffe, who is a monster,
-
1:07 - 1:11the fastest woman marathoner
in history by far. -
1:11 - 1:13Only 10 minutes
off the men's world record, -
1:13 - 1:16Paula Radcliffe is essentially unbeatable.
-
1:17 - 1:18That's her competition.
-
1:18 - 1:21The gun goes off, and -- I mean,
she's not even an underdog; -
1:21 - 1:23she's, like, under the underdogs.
-
1:23 - 1:25But the under-underdog hangs tough,
-
1:25 - 1:28and 22 miles into a 26-mile race,
-
1:28 - 1:31there is Derartu Tulu,
up there with the lead pack. -
1:32 - 1:34Now, this is when something
really bizarre happens. -
1:34 - 1:38Paula Radcliffe, the one person
who is sure to snatch the big paycheck -
1:38 - 1:41from Derartu Tulu's under-underdog hands,
-
1:41 - 1:43suddenly grabs her leg
and starts to fall back. -
1:44 - 1:46So we all know what to do
in this situation, right? -
1:46 - 1:49You give her a quick crack
in the teeth with your elbow -
1:49 - 1:50and blaze for the finish line.
-
1:50 - 1:53Derartu Tulu ruins the script.
-
1:53 - 1:54Instead of taking off,
-
1:54 - 1:56she falls back and she grabs
Paula Radcliffe, -
1:56 - 1:59and says, "Come on.
Come with us. You can do it." -
1:59 - 2:01So Paula Radcliffe,
unfortunately, does it. -
2:01 - 2:03She catches up with the lead pack
-
2:03 - 2:05and is pushing toward the finish line.
-
2:05 - 2:06But then she falls back again.
-
2:06 - 2:09The second time, Derartu Tulu
grabs her and tries to pull her. -
2:09 - 2:12And Paula Radcliffe, at that point,
says, "I'm done. Go." -
2:13 - 2:15So that's a fantastic story,
and we all know how it ends. -
2:15 - 2:17She loses the check,
-
2:17 - 2:20but she goes home with something
bigger and more important. -
2:20 - 2:22Except Derartu Tulu
ruins the script again. -
2:22 - 2:26Instead of losing, she blazes
past the lead pack and wins. -
2:26 - 2:27Wins the New York City Marathon,
-
2:27 - 2:29goes home with a big fat check.
-
2:30 - 2:31It's a heartwarming story,
-
2:31 - 2:33but if you drill a little bit deeper,
-
2:33 - 2:37you've got to sort of wonder
about what exactly was going on there. -
2:37 - 2:39When you have two outliers
in one organism, -
2:39 - 2:40it's not a coincidence.
-
2:40 - 2:44When you have someone who is more
competitive and more compassionate -
2:44 - 2:47than anybody else in the race,
again, it's not a coincidence. -
2:47 - 2:49You show me a creature
with webbed feet and gills; -
2:49 - 2:51somehow water's involved.
-
2:51 - 2:54Someone with that kind of heart,
there's some kind of connection there. -
2:54 - 2:57And the answer to it,
I think, can be found -
2:57 - 2:59down in the Copper Canyons of Mexico,
-
3:00 - 3:03where there's a reclusive tribe,
called the Tarahumara Indians. -
3:03 - 3:07Now, the Tarahumara
are remarkable for three things. -
3:07 - 3:08Number one is:
-
3:08 - 3:13they have been living essentially
unchanged for the past 400 years. -
3:13 - 3:16When the conquistadors arrived
in North America you had two choices: -
3:16 - 3:19you either fight back and engage
or you could take off. -
3:19 - 3:21The Mayans and Aztecs engaged,
-
3:21 - 3:23which is why there are very few
Mayans and Aztecs. -
3:23 - 3:25The Tarahumara had a different strategy.
-
3:25 - 3:27They took off and hid
-
3:27 - 3:32in this labyrinthine, networking,
spider-webbing system of canyons -
3:32 - 3:34called the Copper Canyons.
-
3:34 - 3:37And there they've remained
since the 1600s, -
3:37 - 3:40essentially the same way
they've always been. -
3:41 - 3:44The second thing remarkable
about the Tarahumara is: -
3:44 - 3:47deep into old age -- 70 to 80 years old --
-
3:47 - 3:49these guys aren't running marathons;
-
3:49 - 3:51they're running mega-marathons.
-
3:51 - 3:52They're not doing 26 miles,
-
3:52 - 3:55they're doing 100, 150 miles at a time,
-
3:55 - 3:58and apparently without injury,
without problems. -
3:58 - 4:01The last thing that's remarkable
about the Tarahumara is: -
4:01 - 4:03all the things we're going
to be talking about today, -
4:03 - 4:06all the things we're trying to use
all of our technology -
4:06 - 4:08and brain power to solve --
-
4:08 - 4:10things like heart disease
and cholesterol and cancer; -
4:10 - 4:14crime, warfare and violence;
clinical depression -- all this stuff -- -
4:14 - 4:16the Tarahumara don't know
what you're talking about. -
4:16 - 4:20They are free from all
of these modern ailments. -
4:21 - 4:22So what's the connection?
-
4:22 - 4:24Again, we're talking about outliers;
-
4:24 - 4:26there's got to be some kind
of cause and effect. -
4:26 - 4:30Well, there are teams of scientists
at Harvard and the University of Utah -
4:30 - 4:33that are bending their brains
and trying to figure out -
4:33 - 4:35what the Tarahumara have known forever.
-
4:35 - 4:37They're trying to solve
those same kinds of mysteries. -
4:37 - 4:41And once again, a mystery
wrapped inside of a mystery -- -
4:41 - 4:44perhaps the key to Derartu Tulu
and the Tarahumara -
4:44 - 4:47is wrapped in three other
mysteries, which go like this: -
4:47 - 4:50Three things -- if you have the answer,
come up and take the microphone, -
4:50 - 4:52because nobody else knows the answer.
-
4:52 - 4:55If you know it, you're smarter
than anybody on planet Earth. -
4:55 - 4:56Mystery number one is this:
-
4:56 - 4:59Two million years ago,
the human brain exploded in size. -
4:59 - 5:01Australopithecus
had a tiny little pea brain. -
5:01 - 5:04Suddenly humans show up,
Homo erectus, big old melon head. -
5:04 - 5:06To have a brain of that size,
-
5:06 - 5:09you need to have a source
of condensed caloric energy. -
5:09 - 5:12In other words, early humans
are eating dead animals -- -
5:12 - 5:13no argument, that's a fact.
-
5:14 - 5:15The only problem is,
-
5:15 - 5:19the first edged weapons only appeared
about 200,000 years ago. -
5:19 - 5:22So somehow, for nearly two million years,
-
5:22 - 5:24we are killing animals
without any weapons. -
5:24 - 5:26Now, we're not using our strength,
-
5:26 - 5:28because we are the biggest
sissies in the jungle. -
5:28 - 5:31Every other animal
is stronger than we are, -
5:31 - 5:34they have fangs, they have claws,
they have nimbleness, they have speed. -
5:34 - 5:35We think Usain Bolt is fast.
-
5:35 - 5:38Usain Bolt can get
his ass kicked by a squirrel. -
5:38 - 5:39We're not fast.
-
5:39 - 5:40That would be an Olympic event:
-
5:40 - 5:43turn a squirrel loose,
whoever catches it gets a gold medal. -
5:43 - 5:44(Laughter)
-
5:44 - 5:47So no weapons, no speed,
no strength, no fangs, no claws. -
5:47 - 5:50How were we killing these animals?
Mystery number one. -
5:50 - 5:51Mystery number two:
-
5:51 - 5:54Women have been in the Olympics
for quite some time now, -
5:54 - 5:57but one thing that's remarkable
about all women sprinters: -
5:57 - 5:59they all suck; they're terrible.
-
5:59 - 6:03There's not a fast woman on the planet
and there never has been. -
6:03 - 6:06The fastest woman
to ever run a mile did it in 4:15. -
6:06 - 6:08I could throw a rock
and hit a high-school boy -
6:08 - 6:09who can run faster than 4:15.
-
6:09 - 6:12For some reason,
you guys are just really slow. -
6:12 - 6:13But --
-
6:13 - 6:14(Laughter)
-
6:14 - 6:17But, you get to the marathon
we were just talking about -- -
6:17 - 6:19you've only been allowed to run
the marathon for 20 years, -
6:19 - 6:22because prior to the 1980s,
medical science said -
6:22 - 6:25if a woman tried to run 26 miles --
does anyone know what would happen -
6:25 - 6:27if you tried to run 26 miles?
-
6:27 - 6:29Why you were banned
from the marathon before the 1980s? -
6:29 - 6:31Audience Member: Her uterus would be torn.
-
6:31 - 6:34Christopher McDougall:
Her uterus would be torn, yes. -
6:34 - 6:35Torn reproductive organs.
-
6:35 - 6:37The uterus would literally
fall out of the body. -
6:37 - 6:38(Laughter)
-
6:39 - 6:40Now, I've been to a lot of marathons,
-
6:40 - 6:42and I've yet to see any ...
-
6:42 - 6:45(Laughter)
-
6:45 - 6:46So it's only been 20 years
-
6:46 - 6:49that women have been allowed
to run the marathon. -
6:49 - 6:53In that very short learning curve,
you've gone from broken organs -
6:53 - 6:57up to the fact that you're only 10 minutes
off the male world record. -
6:57 - 6:59Then you go beyond 26 miles,
into the distance -
6:59 - 7:02that medical science also told us
would be fatal to humans -- -
7:02 - 7:04remember Pheidippides died
when he ran 26 miles -- -
7:04 - 7:08you get to 50 and 100 miles,
and suddenly, it's a different game. -
7:08 - 7:11You take a runner like Ann Trason
or Nikki Kimball or Jenn Shelton, -
7:11 - 7:14put them in a race of 50 or 100 miles
against anybody in the world, -
7:14 - 7:16and it's a coin toss who's going to win.
-
7:16 - 7:18I'll give you an example.
-
7:18 - 7:20A couple years ago,
Emily Baer signed up for a race -
7:20 - 7:22called the Hardrock 100,
-
7:22 - 7:24which tells you all you need
to know about the race. -
7:25 - 7:27They give you 48 hours
to finish this race. -
7:27 - 7:28Well, Emily Baer -- 500 runners --
-
7:29 - 7:31she finishes in eighth place,
in the top 10, -
7:31 - 7:33even though she stopped
at all the aid stations -
7:33 - 7:35to breastfeed her baby during the race.
-
7:35 - 7:36(Laughter)
-
7:36 - 7:38And yet, she beat 492 other people.
-
7:38 - 7:39The last mystery:
-
7:40 - 7:42Why is it that women get stronger
as distances get longer? -
7:42 - 7:44The third mystery is this:
-
7:44 - 7:47At the University of Utah,
they started tracking finishing times -
7:47 - 7:49for people running the marathon.
-
7:49 - 7:53What they found is that if you start
running the marathon at age 19, -
7:53 - 7:55you'll get progressively
faster, year by year, -
7:55 - 7:57until you reach your peak at age 27.
-
7:57 - 8:01And then after that,
you succumb to the rigors of time. -
8:01 - 8:03And you'll get slower and slower,
-
8:03 - 8:06until eventually you're back to running
the same speed you were at age 19. -
8:06 - 8:08So about seven, eight years
to reach your peak, -
8:08 - 8:11and then gradually you fall off your peak,
-
8:11 - 8:13until you go back to the starting point.
-
8:13 - 8:16You'd think it might take eight years
to go back to the same speed, -
8:16 - 8:19maybe 10 years -- no, it's 45 years.
-
8:19 - 8:2164-year-old men and women
-
8:21 - 8:24are running as fast
as they were at age 19. -
8:24 - 8:27Now, I defy you to come
up with any other physical activity -- -
8:27 - 8:30and please don't say golf --
something that's actually hard -- -
8:30 - 8:31(Laughter)
-
8:31 - 8:36where geriatrics are performing
as well as they did as teenagers. -
8:36 - 8:37So you have these three mysteries.
-
8:38 - 8:42Is there one piece in the puzzle
which might wrap all these things up? -
8:42 - 8:45You've got to be careful anytime
someone looks back in prehistory -
8:45 - 8:48and tries to give you
a global answer because, -
8:48 - 8:50it being prehistory, you can say
whatever the hell you want -
8:50 - 8:52and get away with it.
-
8:52 - 8:53But I'll submit this to you:
-
8:53 - 8:56If you put one piece in the middle
of this jigsaw puzzle, -
8:56 - 8:58suddenly it all starts
to form a coherent picture. -
8:58 - 9:00If you're wondering
why the Tarahumara don't fight -
9:01 - 9:02and don't die of heart disease,
-
9:02 - 9:05why a poor Ethiopian
woman named Derartu Tulu -
9:05 - 9:08can be the most compassionate
and yet the most competitive, -
9:08 - 9:12and why we somehow were able
to find food without weapons, -
9:12 - 9:14perhaps it's because humans,
-
9:14 - 9:17as much as we like to think of ourselves
as masters of the universe, -
9:17 - 9:20actually evolved as nothing more
than a pack of hunting dogs. -
9:21 - 9:24Maybe we evolved as a hunting pack animal.
-
9:24 - 9:27Because the one advantage
we have in the wilderness -- -
9:27 - 9:29again, it's not our fangs,
our claws or our speed -- -
9:30 - 9:32the only thing we do really well is sweat.
-
9:32 - 9:35We're really good
at being sweaty and smelly. -
9:35 - 9:38Better than any other mammal
on Earth, we can sweat really well. -
9:38 - 9:42But the advantage of that little bit
of social discomfort -
9:42 - 9:47is the fact that, when it comes to running
under hot heat for long distances, -
9:47 - 9:49we're superb -- the best on the planet.
-
9:49 - 9:51You take a horse on a hot day,
-
9:51 - 9:54and after about five or six miles,
that horse has a choice: -
9:54 - 9:57it's either going to breathe
or it's going to cool off. -
9:57 - 9:58But it ain't doing both. We can.
-
9:59 - 10:02So what if we evolved
as hunting pack animals? -
10:02 - 10:06What if the only natural advantage
we had in the world -
10:06 - 10:08was the fact that we could
get together as a group, -
10:08 - 10:11go out there on that African savanna,
pick out an antelope, -
10:11 - 10:13go out as a pack,
and run that thing to death? -
10:14 - 10:16That's all we could do.
-
10:16 - 10:18We could run really far on a hot day.
-
10:18 - 10:21Well, if that's true, a couple
other things had to be true as well. -
10:21 - 10:24The key to being part
of a hunting pack is the word "pack." -
10:24 - 10:26If you go out by yourself
and try to chase an antelope, -
10:26 - 10:29I guarantee there will be two cadavers
out in the savanna. -
10:29 - 10:31You need a pack to pull together.
-
10:31 - 10:33You need to have
those 64- and 65-year-olds -
10:33 - 10:35who have been doing this for a long time
-
10:35 - 10:38to understand which antelope
you're trying to catch. -
10:38 - 10:40The herd explodes
and it gathers back again. -
10:40 - 10:42Those expert trackers
have to be part of the pack. -
10:42 - 10:44They can't be 10 miles behind.
-
10:44 - 10:46You need the women
and the adolescents there, -
10:46 - 10:49because the two times in your life
you most benefit from animal protein -
10:49 - 10:52is when you're a nursing mother
and a developing adolescent. -
10:52 - 10:55It makes no sense to have
the antelope over there, dead, -
10:55 - 10:57and the people who want
to eat it 50 miles away. -
10:57 - 10:59They need to be part of the pack.
-
10:59 - 11:02You need those 27-year-old studs
at the peak of their powers -
11:02 - 11:03ready to drop the kill,
-
11:03 - 11:06and you need those teenagers
who are learning the whole thing involved. -
11:06 - 11:07The pack stays together.
-
11:07 - 11:11Another thing that has to be true:
this pack cannot be materialistic. -
11:11 - 11:14You can't be hauling all your crap around,
trying to chase the antelope. -
11:14 - 11:16You can't be a pissed-off pack.
-
11:16 - 11:19You can't be bearing grudges, like,
"I'm not chasing that guy's antelope. -
11:19 - 11:22He pissed me off.
Let him go chase his own antelope." -
11:22 - 11:24The pack has got to be able
to swallow its ego, -
11:25 - 11:26be cooperative, and pull together.
-
11:27 - 11:30What you end up with, in other words,
-
11:30 - 11:34is a culture remarkably similar
to the Tarahumara, -
11:34 - 11:37a tribe that has remained
unchanged since the Stone Age. -
11:38 - 11:39It's a really compelling argument
-
11:39 - 11:43that maybe the Tarahumara are doing
exactly what all of us had done -
11:43 - 11:44for two million years,
-
11:44 - 11:47that it's us in modern times
who have sort of gone off the path. -
11:47 - 11:51You know, we look at running
as this kind of alien, foreign thing, -
11:51 - 11:54this punishment you've got to do
because you ate pizza the night before. -
11:54 - 11:56But maybe it's something different.
-
11:56 - 11:59Maybe we're the ones who have taken
this natural advantage we had -
11:59 - 12:00and we spoiled it.
-
12:01 - 12:03How do we spoil it?
Well, how do we spoil anything? -
12:03 - 12:05We try to cash in on it. Right?
-
12:05 - 12:08We try to can it and package it
and make it "better" -
12:08 - 12:09and then sell it to people.
-
12:09 - 12:12And then what happened was,
we started creating -
12:12 - 12:15these fancy cushioned things
which can make running "better," -
12:15 - 12:17called running shoes.
-
12:17 - 12:20The reason I get personally
pissed-off about running shoes -
12:20 - 12:23is because I bought a million of them
and I kept getting hurt. -
12:23 - 12:25And I think if anybody in here runs --
-
12:25 - 12:26I just had a conversation with Carol.
-
12:26 - 12:30We talked for two minutes backstage,
and she talked about plantar fasciitis. -
12:30 - 12:33You talk to a runner,
I guarantee within 30 seconds, -
12:33 - 12:34the conversation turns to injury.
-
12:34 - 12:38So if humans evolved as runners,
if that's our one natural advantage, -
12:38 - 12:39then why are we so bad at it?
-
12:39 - 12:41Why do we keep getting hurt?
-
12:41 - 12:43A curious thing about running
and running injuries -
12:43 - 12:46is that the running injury
is new to our time. -
12:46 - 12:47If you read folklore and mythology,
-
12:48 - 12:50any kind of myths, any kind of tall tales,
-
12:50 - 12:53running is always associated
with freedom and vitality -
12:53 - 12:55and youthfulness and eternal vigor.
-
12:55 - 12:58It's only in our lifetime
that running has become associated -
12:58 - 12:59with fear and pain.
-
12:59 - 13:03Geronimo used to say, "My only friends
are my legs. I only trust my legs." -
13:03 - 13:07That's because an Apache triathlon
used to be you'd run 50 miles -
13:07 - 13:08across the desert,
-
13:08 - 13:11engage in hand-to-hand combat,
steal a bunch of horses, -
13:11 - 13:12and slap leather for home.
-
13:12 - 13:16Geronimo was never saying, "You know
something, my Achilles -- I'm tapering. -
13:16 - 13:17I've got to take this week off."
-
13:17 - 13:20Or, "I need to cross-train.
I didn't do yoga. I'm not ready." -
13:20 - 13:22(Laughter)
-
13:22 - 13:24Humans ran and ran all the time.
-
13:24 - 13:26We are here today.
We have our digital technology. -
13:26 - 13:28All of our science comes from the fact
-
13:28 - 13:32that our ancestors were able to do
something extraordinary every day, -
13:32 - 13:34which was just rely
on their naked feet and legs -
13:34 - 13:36to run long distances.
-
13:36 - 13:38So how do we get back to that again?
-
13:38 - 13:40Well, I would submit
to you the first thing is: -
13:40 - 13:43get rid of all packaging,
all the sales, all the marketing. -
13:43 - 13:45Get rid of all the stinking running shoes.
-
13:45 - 13:47Stop focusing on urban marathons,
-
13:47 - 13:50which, if you do four hours, you suck,
-
13:50 - 13:52and if you do 3:59:59, you're awesome,
-
13:52 - 13:54because you qualified for another race.
-
13:54 - 13:57We need to get back to that sense
of playfulness and joyfulness -
13:57 - 14:00and, I would say, nakedness,
-
14:00 - 14:02that has made the Tarahumara
-
14:02 - 14:04one of the healthiest and serene
cultures in our time. -
14:05 - 14:07So what's the benefit? So what?
-
14:07 - 14:10So you burn off the Häagen-Dazs
from the night before. -
14:10 - 14:12But maybe there's another
benefit there as well. -
14:12 - 14:15Without getting too extreme about this,
-
14:15 - 14:20imagine a world where everybody
could go out the door -
14:20 - 14:22and engage in the kind of exercise
-
14:22 - 14:25that's going to make them
more relaxed, more serene, -
14:25 - 14:26more healthy,
-
14:26 - 14:28burn off stress --
-
14:28 - 14:31where you don't come back into your office
a raging maniac anymore, -
14:31 - 14:33or go home with a lot of stress
on top of you again. -
14:33 - 14:36Maybe there's something
between what we are today -
14:36 - 14:38and what the Tarahumara have always been.
-
14:38 - 14:41I don't say let's go back
to the Copper Canyons -
14:41 - 14:45and live on corn and maize,
which is the Tarahumara's preferred diet, -
14:46 - 14:48but maybe there's somewhere in between.
-
14:48 - 14:49And if we find that thing,
-
14:49 - 14:52maybe there is a big fat
Nobel Prize out there. -
14:52 - 14:57Because if somebody could find a way
to restore that natural ability -
14:57 - 14:59that we all enjoyed
for most of our existence -
14:59 - 15:01up until the 1970s or so,
-
15:01 - 15:06the benefits -- social and physical
and political and mental -- -
15:06 - 15:07could be astounding.
-
15:07 - 15:12What I've been seeing today
is there is a growing subculture -
15:12 - 15:14of barefoot runners,
people who've gotten rid of their shoes. -
15:14 - 15:16And what they have found uniformly is,
-
15:16 - 15:19you get rid of the shoes,
you get rid of the stress, -
15:19 - 15:21you get rid of the injuries
and the ailments. -
15:21 - 15:24And what you find is something
the Tarahumara have known -
15:24 - 15:25for a very long time:
-
15:25 - 15:27that this can be a whole lot of fun.
-
15:29 - 15:31I've experienced it personally myself.
-
15:31 - 15:34I was injured all my life; then
in my early 40s, I got rid of my shoes -
15:34 - 15:37and my running ailments
have gone away, too. -
15:37 - 15:39So hopefully it's something
we can all benefit from. -
15:39 - 15:41I appreciate your listening to this story.
-
15:41 - 15:42Thanks very much.
-
15:43 - 15:45(Applause)
- Title:
- Are we born to run? | Christopher McDougall | TEDxPennQuarter
- Description:
-
REINVENTING Running
Christopher McDougall is a former war correspondent for the Associated Press who reported from Rwanda, Angola and the Congo. A three-time National Magazine Award finalist, he has written for Esquire and The New York Times Magazine. While on an unrelated assignment in Mexico, he happened upon the Tarahumara Indians, a reclusive tribe that preserves the ancient human art of super-long distance running. McDougall described his time among the Tarahumara, and his own transformation from broken-down ex-runner into an ultra-marathoner, in his New York Times bestseller, Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Super Athletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen. He now does his own running among the Amish farms around his home in rural Pennsylvania, usually barefoot.
About TEDx
In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized. (Subject to certain rules and regulations.)
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 15:53
Ivana Korom edited English subtitles for Are we born to run? | Christopher McDougall | TEDxPennQuarter | ||
TED Translators admin edited English subtitles for Are we born to run? | Christopher McDougall | TEDxPennQuarter | ||
TED Translators admin edited English subtitles for Are we born to run? | Christopher McDougall | TEDxPennQuarter | ||
TED Translators admin edited English subtitles for Are we born to run? | Christopher McDougall | TEDxPennQuarter |