Homeopathy, quackery and fraud
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0:01 - 0:03Good morning.
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0:03 - 0:06Happy to see so many fine folks out here
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0:06 - 0:08and so many smiling faces.
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0:09 - 0:11I have a very peculiar
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0:11 - 0:13background, attitude and approach
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0:13 - 0:15to the real world
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0:15 - 0:17because I am a conjurer.
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0:17 - 0:20Now, I prefer that term over magician,
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0:20 - 0:22because if I were a magician, that would mean
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0:22 - 0:24that I use spells and incantations
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0:24 - 0:27and weird gestures
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0:27 - 0:30in order to accomplish real magic.
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0:30 - 0:32No, I don't do that; I'm a conjurer,
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0:32 - 0:35who is someone who pretends to be
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0:35 - 0:38a real magician. (Laughter)
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0:38 - 0:41Now, how do we go about that sort of thing?
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0:41 - 0:43We depend on the fact
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0:43 - 0:45that audiences, such as yourselves,
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0:45 - 0:47will make assumptions.
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0:47 - 0:49For example, when I walked up here
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0:49 - 0:51and I took the microphone from the stand
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0:51 - 0:53and switched it on,
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0:53 - 0:55you assumed this was a microphone, which it is not.
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0:55 - 0:57(Laughter)
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0:57 - 0:59As a matter of fact, this is something
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0:59 - 1:02that about half of you, more than half of you will not be familiar with.
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1:02 - 1:05It's a beard trimmer, you see?
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1:05 - 1:07And it makes a very bad microphone;
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1:07 - 1:09I've tried it many times. (Laughter)
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1:09 - 1:11The other assumption that you made --
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1:11 - 1:13and this little lesson is to show you
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1:13 - 1:15that you will make assumptions.
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1:15 - 1:17Not only that you can, but that you will
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1:17 - 1:19when they are properly suggested to you.
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1:19 - 1:21You believe I'm looking at you.
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1:21 - 1:24Wrong. I'm not looking at you. I can't see you.
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1:24 - 1:27I know you're out there, they told me backstage, it's a full house and such.
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1:27 - 1:29I know you're there because I can hear you,
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1:29 - 1:32but I can't see you because I normally wear glasses.
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1:32 - 1:34These are not glasses, these are empty frames. (Laughter)
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1:34 - 1:36Quite empty frames.
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1:36 - 1:39Now why would a grown man appear before you
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1:39 - 1:41wearing empty frames on his face?
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1:41 - 1:43To fool you, ladies and gentlemen,
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1:43 - 1:46to deceive you, to show that you, too,
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1:46 - 1:48can make assumptions.
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1:48 - 1:50Don't you ever forget that.
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1:50 - 1:52Now, I have to do something -- first of all, switch to real glasses
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1:52 - 1:54so I can actually see you,
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1:54 - 1:57which would probably be a convenience. I don't know.
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1:57 - 1:59I haven't had a good look. Well, it's not that great a convenience.
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1:59 - 2:01(Laughter)
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2:01 - 2:03I have to do something now, which seems
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2:03 - 2:05a little bit strange for a magician.
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2:05 - 2:07But I'm going to take some medication.
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2:07 - 2:09This is a full bottle of
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2:09 - 2:11Calms Forte.
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2:11 - 2:13I'll explain that in just a moment.
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2:13 - 2:15Ignore the instructions,
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2:15 - 2:17that's what the government has to put in there
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2:17 - 2:20to confuse you, I'm sure.
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2:20 - 2:22I will take enough of these. Mm.
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2:23 - 2:25Indeed, the whole container.
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2:32 - 2:35Thirty-two tablets of Calms Forte.
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2:35 - 2:38Now that I've done that -- I'll explain it in a moment --
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2:38 - 2:40I must tell you that
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2:40 - 2:42I am an actor.
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2:42 - 2:45I'm an actor who plays a specific part.
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2:45 - 2:47I play the part of a magician,
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2:47 - 2:50a wizard, if you will, a real wizard.
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2:50 - 2:53If someone were to appear on this stage in front of me
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2:53 - 2:55and actually claim to be
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2:55 - 2:58an ancient prince of Denmark named Hamlet,
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2:58 - 3:00you would be insulted
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3:00 - 3:02and rightly so.
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3:02 - 3:04Why would a man assume that you would believe
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3:04 - 3:06something bizarre like this?
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3:06 - 3:08But there exists out there
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3:08 - 3:11a very large population
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3:11 - 3:13of people who will tell you
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3:13 - 3:15that they have psychic, magical powers
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3:15 - 3:17that they can predict the future,
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3:17 - 3:19that they can make contact with the deceased.
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3:19 - 3:21Oh, they also say
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3:21 - 3:23they will sell you astrology
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3:23 - 3:25or other fortunetelling methods.
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3:25 - 3:27Oh, they gladly sell you that, yes.
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3:27 - 3:29And they also say
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3:29 - 3:31that they can give you perpetual motion machines
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3:31 - 3:33and free energy systems.
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3:33 - 3:35They claim to be psychics,
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3:35 - 3:37or sensitives, whatever they can.
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3:37 - 3:40But the one thing that has made a big comeback
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3:40 - 3:42just recently
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3:42 - 3:44is this business of
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3:44 - 3:46speaking with the dead.
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3:47 - 3:49Now, to my innocent mind,
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3:49 - 3:52dead implies
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3:52 - 3:55incapable of communicating. (Laughter)
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3:55 - 3:57You might agree with me on that.
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3:57 - 4:00But these people, they tend to tell you that
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4:00 - 4:02not only can they communicate with the dead --
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4:02 - 4:04"Hi, there" --
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4:04 - 4:06but they can hear the dead as well,
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4:06 - 4:09and they can relay this information back to the living.
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4:09 - 4:11I wonder if that's true.
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4:11 - 4:13I don't think so, because
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4:13 - 4:15this subculture of people
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4:15 - 4:18use exactly the same gimmicks that we magicians do,
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4:18 - 4:20exactly the same --
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4:20 - 4:23the same physical methods, the same psychological methods --
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4:23 - 4:26and they effectively and profoundly
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4:26 - 4:28deceive millions of people around the earth,
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4:28 - 4:30to their detriment.
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4:30 - 4:32They deceive these people,
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4:32 - 4:34costs them a lot of money,
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4:34 - 4:36cost them a lot of emotional anguish.
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4:36 - 4:38Billions of dollars are spent
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4:38 - 4:41every year, all over the globe,
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4:41 - 4:43on these charlatans.
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4:43 - 4:45Now, I have two questions
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4:45 - 4:47I would like to ask these people
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4:47 - 4:49if I had the opportunity to do so.
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4:49 - 4:52First question: If I want to ask them to call up --
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4:52 - 4:54because they do hear them through the ear.
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4:54 - 4:56They listen to the spirits like this --
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4:56 - 4:59I'm going to ask you to call up the ghost of my grandmother
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4:59 - 5:01because, when she died, she had the family will,
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5:01 - 5:03and she secreted it someplace. We don't know where it is,
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5:03 - 5:06so we ask Granny, "Where is the will, Granny?"
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5:06 - 5:09What does Granny say? She says, "I'm in heaven and it's wonderful.
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5:09 - 5:11I'm here with all my old friends, my deceased friends,
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5:11 - 5:13and my family
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5:13 - 5:16and all the puppy dogs and the kittens that I used to have when I was a little girl.
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5:16 - 5:19And I love you, and I'll always be with you.
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5:19 - 5:21Good bye."
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5:21 - 5:23And she didn't answer the damn question!
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5:23 - 5:25Where is the will?
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5:25 - 5:27Now, she could easily have said,
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5:27 - 5:29"Oh, it's in the library on the second shelf, behind the encyclopedia,"
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5:29 - 5:32but she doesn't say that. No, she doesn't.
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5:32 - 5:35She doesn't bring any useful information to us.
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5:35 - 5:37We paid a lot of money for that information,
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5:37 - 5:39be we didn't get it.
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5:39 - 5:42The second question that I'd like to ask, rather simple:
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5:42 - 5:44Suppose I ask them to contact
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5:44 - 5:47the spirit of my deceased father-in-law, as an example.
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5:47 - 5:49Why do they insist on saying --
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5:49 - 5:51remember, they speak into this ear --
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5:51 - 5:55why do they say, "My name starts with J or M?"
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5:56 - 5:58Is this a hunting game?
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5:58 - 6:00Hunting and fishing? What is it?
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6:00 - 6:03Is it 20 questions? No, it's more like 120 questions.
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6:03 - 6:06But it is a cruel, vicious,
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6:07 - 6:10absolutely conscienceless --
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6:10 - 6:13I'll be all right, keep your seats (Laughter) --
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6:13 - 6:15game that these people play.
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6:15 - 6:18And they take advantage of the innocent, the naive,
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6:18 - 6:21the grieving, the needy people out there.
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6:21 - 6:23Now, this is a process
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6:23 - 6:26that is called cold reading.
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6:27 - 6:29There's one fellow out there,
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6:30 - 6:32Van Praagh is his name, James Van Praagh.
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6:32 - 6:34He's one of the big practitioners of this sort of thing.
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6:34 - 6:37John Edward, Sylvia Browne
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6:37 - 6:40and Rosemary Altea, they are other operators.
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6:40 - 6:43There are hundreds of them all over the earth, but in this country,
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6:43 - 6:45James Van Praagh is very big.
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6:45 - 6:47And what does he do? He likes to tell you
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6:47 - 6:49how the deceased got deceased,
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6:49 - 6:52the people he's talking to through his ear, you see?
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6:52 - 6:55So what he says is, very often, is like this: he says,
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6:55 - 6:58"He tells me, he tells me, before he passed,
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6:59 - 7:01that he had trouble breathing."
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7:01 - 7:03Folks, that's what dying is all about!
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7:03 - 7:05(Laughter)
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7:05 - 7:07You stop breathing, and then you're dead.
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7:07 - 7:09It's that simple.
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7:09 - 7:12And that's the kind of information they're going to bring back to you?
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7:12 - 7:14I don't think so.
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7:14 - 7:16Now, these people will make guesses, they'll say things like,
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7:16 - 7:18"Why am I getting electricity?
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7:18 - 7:21He's saying to me, 'Electricity.'
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7:21 - 7:23Was he an electrician?" "No."
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7:23 - 7:25"Did he ever have an electric razor?" "No."
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7:25 - 7:27It was a game of hunting questions like this.
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7:27 - 7:29This is what they go through.
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7:29 - 7:31Now, folks often ask us
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7:31 - 7:33at the James Randi Educational Foundation,
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7:33 - 7:36they call me, they say, "Why are you so concerned about this, Mr. Randi?
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7:36 - 7:38Isn't it just a lot of fun?"
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7:38 - 7:41No, it is not fun. It is a cruel farce.
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7:41 - 7:44Now, it may bring a certain amount of comfort,
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7:44 - 7:46but that comfort lasts
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7:46 - 7:48only about 20 minutes or so.
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7:48 - 7:50And then the people look in the mirror, and they say,
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7:50 - 7:52I just paid a lot of money for that reading.
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7:52 - 7:55And what did she say to me? 'I love you!'"
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7:55 - 7:57They always say that.
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7:57 - 7:59They don't get any information,
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7:59 - 8:01they don't get any value for what they spend.
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8:01 - 8:03Now, Sylvia Browne is the big operator.
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8:03 - 8:05We call her "The Talons."
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8:05 - 8:07Sylvia Browne -- thank you --
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8:07 - 8:10Sylvia Browne is the big operator
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8:10 - 8:12in this field at this very moment.
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8:12 - 8:15Now, Sylvia Browne -- just to show you --
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8:15 - 8:18she actually gets 700 dollars
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8:18 - 8:21for a 20 minute reading over the telephone,
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8:21 - 8:23she doesn't even go there in person,
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8:23 - 8:25and you have to wait up to two years because
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8:25 - 8:27she's booked ahead that amount of time.
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8:27 - 8:29You pay by credit card or whatever,
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8:29 - 8:31and then she will call you
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8:31 - 8:33sometime in the next two years.
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8:33 - 8:35You can tell it's her. "Hello, this is Sylvia Browne."
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8:35 - 8:37That's her, you can tell right away.
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8:39 - 8:42Now, Montel Williams is an intelligent man.
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8:42 - 8:45We all know who he is on television.
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8:45 - 8:47He's well educated, he's smart,
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8:47 - 8:49he knows what Sylvia Browne is doing
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8:49 - 8:51but he doesn't give a damn.
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8:51 - 8:54He just doesn't care.
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8:55 - 8:58Because, the bottom line is, the sponsors love it,
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8:58 - 9:00and he will expose her
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9:00 - 9:02to television publicity all the time.
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9:02 - 9:05Now, what does Sylvia Browne give you for that 700 dollars?
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9:05 - 9:08She gives you the names of your guardian angels, that's first.
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9:08 - 9:11Now, without that, how could we possibly function? (Laughter)
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9:11 - 9:14She gives you the names of previous lives,
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9:14 - 9:16who you were in previous lives.
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9:16 - 9:18Duh.
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9:18 - 9:20It turns out that the women
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9:20 - 9:22that she gives readings for
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9:22 - 9:25were all Babylonian princesses, or something like that.
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9:25 - 9:27And the men were all Grecian warriors
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9:27 - 9:30fighting with Agamemnon.
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9:30 - 9:32Nothing is ever said about
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9:32 - 9:34a 14 year-old bootblack in the streets of London
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9:34 - 9:36who died of consumption.
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9:36 - 9:39He isn't worth bringing back, obviously.
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9:39 - 9:42And the strange thing -- folks, you may have noticed this too.
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9:42 - 9:45You see these folks on television --
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9:45 - 9:48they never call anybody back from hell. (Laughter)
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9:49 - 9:52Everyone comes back from heaven, but never from hell.
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9:52 - 9:54If they call back any of my friends,
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9:54 - 9:56they're not going to... Well, you see the story.
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9:56 - 9:58(Laughter)
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9:59 - 10:02Now, Sylvia Browne is an exception,
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10:02 - 10:04an exception in one way,
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10:04 - 10:07because the James Randi Educational Foundation, my foundation,
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10:07 - 10:10offers a one million dollar prize in negotiable bonds.
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10:10 - 10:12Very simply won.
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10:12 - 10:14All you have to do is prove any paranormal, occult
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10:14 - 10:16or supernatural event or power of any kind
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10:16 - 10:18under proper observing conditions.
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10:18 - 10:20It's very easy, win the million dollars.
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10:20 - 10:22Sylvia Browne is an exception in that
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10:22 - 10:25she's the only professional psychic
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10:25 - 10:27in the whole world
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10:27 - 10:30that has accepted our challenge.
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10:30 - 10:33She did this on the "Larry King Live" show on CNN
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10:33 - 10:36six and a half years ago.
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10:36 - 10:39And we haven't heard from her since. Strange.
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10:39 - 10:42She said that, first of all, that she didn't know how to contact me.
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10:42 - 10:44Duh.
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10:44 - 10:46A professional psychic who speaks to dead people,
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10:47 - 10:49she can't reach me?
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10:49 - 10:51(Laughter)
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10:51 - 10:53I'm alive, you may have noticed.
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10:53 - 10:55Well, pretty well anyway.
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10:56 - 10:59She couldn't reach me. Now she says she doesn't want to reach me
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10:59 - 11:02because I'm a godless person.
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11:02 - 11:04All the more reason to take the million dollars,
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11:04 - 11:06wouldn't you think, Sylvia?
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11:06 - 11:09Now these people need to be stopped, seriously now.
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11:09 - 11:11They need to be stopped because this is a cruel farce.
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11:11 - 11:14We get people coming to the foundation all the time.
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11:14 - 11:17They're ruined financially and emotionally
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11:17 - 11:19because they've given their money and their faith
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11:19 - 11:21to these people.
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11:21 - 11:23Now, I popped some pills earlier.
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11:23 - 11:25I have to explain that to you.
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11:25 - 11:28Homeopathy, let's find out what that's all about.
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11:28 - 11:30Hmm. You've heard of it.
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11:30 - 11:33It's an alternative form of healing, right?
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11:33 - 11:36Homeopathy actually consists -- and that's what this is.
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11:36 - 11:39This is Calms Forte,
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11:39 - 11:4232 caplets of sleeping pills! I forgot to tell you that.
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11:42 - 11:44I just ingested
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11:44 - 11:47six and a half days worth of sleeping pills.
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11:47 - 11:49(Laughter)
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11:49 - 11:51Six and a half days, that certainly is a fatal dose.
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11:51 - 11:53It says right on the back here,
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11:53 - 11:55"In case of overdose,
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11:55 - 11:57contact your poison control center immediately,"
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11:57 - 11:59and it gives an 800 number.
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11:59 - 12:01Keep your seats -- it's going to be okay.
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12:01 - 12:03I don't really need it
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12:03 - 12:05because I've been doing this stunt
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12:05 - 12:08for audiences all over the world
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12:08 - 12:10for the last eight or 10 years,
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12:10 - 12:13taking fatal doses of homeopathic sleeping pills.
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12:13 - 12:15Why don't they affect me?
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12:15 - 12:17(Laughter)
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12:17 - 12:20(Applause)
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12:20 - 12:22The answer may surprise you.
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12:22 - 12:24What is homeopathy?
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12:24 - 12:26It's taking a medicine that really works
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12:26 - 12:28and diluting it down
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12:28 - 12:30well beyond Avogadro's limit.
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12:30 - 12:32Diluting it down to the point
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12:32 - 12:35where there's none of it left. (Laughter)
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12:35 - 12:37Now folks, this is not
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12:37 - 12:40just a metaphor I'm going to give you now, it's true.
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12:40 - 12:42It's exactly equivalent to taking
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12:42 - 12:46one 325 milligram aspirin tablet,
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12:46 - 12:49throwing it into the middle of Lake Tahoe,
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12:49 - 12:52and then stirring it up, obviously with a very big stick,
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12:52 - 12:54and waiting two years or so
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12:54 - 12:57until the solution is homogeneous.
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12:57 - 12:59Then, when you get a headache,
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12:59 - 13:02you take a sip of this water, and -- voila! -- it is gone.
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13:02 - 13:04(Laughter)
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13:04 - 13:07Now that is true. That is what homeopathy is all about.
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13:07 - 13:10And another claim that they make -- you'll love this one --
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13:10 - 13:13the more dilute the medicine is, they say,
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13:13 - 13:15the more powerful it is.
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13:15 - 13:18Now wait a minute, we heard about a guy in Florida.
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13:18 - 13:20The poor man, he was on homeopathic medicine.
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13:20 - 13:22He died of an overdose.
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13:22 - 13:24He forgot to take his pill.
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13:24 - 13:26(Laughter)
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13:26 - 13:28Work on it. Work on it.
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13:30 - 13:33It's a ridiculous thing. It is absolutely ridiculous.
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13:33 - 13:35I don't know what we're doing,
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13:35 - 13:38believing in all this nonsense over all these years.
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13:38 - 13:40Now, let me tell you,
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13:40 - 13:42The James Randi Educational Foundation
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13:42 - 13:44is waving this very big carrot,
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13:44 - 13:47but I must say, the fact that nobody
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13:47 - 13:49has taken us up on this offer
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13:49 - 13:51doesn't mean that the powers don't exist.
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13:51 - 13:54They might, some place out there.
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13:54 - 13:57Maybe these people are just independently wealthy.
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13:57 - 13:59Well, with Sylvia Browne I would think so.
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13:59 - 14:01You know, 700 dollars for a 20 minute reading
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14:01 - 14:03over the telephone --
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14:03 - 14:05that's more than lawyers make!
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14:06 - 14:08I mean that's a fabulous amount of money.
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14:08 - 14:11These people don't need the million dollars perhaps,
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14:11 - 14:13but wouldn't you think they'd like to take it
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14:13 - 14:15just to make me look silly?
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14:15 - 14:18Just to get rid of this godless person out there
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14:18 - 14:21that Sylvia Browne talks about all the time?
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14:21 - 14:23I think that something needs to be done about this.
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14:23 - 14:26We really would love to have suggestions from you folks
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14:26 - 14:29on how to contact federal, state
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14:29 - 14:31and local authorities
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14:31 - 14:33to get them to do something.
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14:33 - 14:36If you find out -- now I understand.
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14:36 - 14:38We've seen people, even today, speaking to us
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14:38 - 14:40about AIDS epidemics
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14:40 - 14:42and starving kids around the world
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14:42 - 14:45and impure water supplies that people have to suffer with.
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14:45 - 14:47Those are very important,
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14:47 - 14:49critically important to us.
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14:49 - 14:52And we must do something about those problems.
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14:52 - 14:54But at the same time,
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14:54 - 14:56as Arthur C. Clarke said,
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14:56 - 14:58The rotting of the human mind,
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14:58 - 15:00the business of believing in the paranormal and the occult
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15:00 - 15:02and the supernatural --
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15:02 - 15:04all of this total nonsense,
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15:04 - 15:06this medieval thinking --
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15:06 - 15:08I think something should be done about that,
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15:08 - 15:10and it all lies in education.
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15:10 - 15:12Largely, it's the media
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15:12 - 15:14who are to blame for this sort of thing.
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15:14 - 15:16They shamelessly promote
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15:16 - 15:18all kinds of nonsense of this sort
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15:18 - 15:21because it pleases the sponsors.
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15:22 - 15:24It's the bottom line, the dollar line.
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15:24 - 15:26That's what they're looking at.
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15:26 - 15:28We really must do something about this.
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15:28 - 15:30I'm willing to take your suggestions,
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15:30 - 15:32and I'm willing to have you
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15:32 - 15:35tune in to our webpage.
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15:35 - 15:38It's www.randi.org.
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15:38 - 15:40Go in there and look at the archives,
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15:40 - 15:42and you will begin to understand much more
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15:42 - 15:44of what I've been talking about today.
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15:44 - 15:46You will see the records that we have.
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15:46 - 15:48There's nothing like sitting in that library
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15:48 - 15:50and having a family appear there
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15:50 - 15:53and say that Mum gave away all the family fortune.
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15:53 - 15:55She cashed in the CDs,
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15:55 - 15:58she gave away the stocks and the certificates.
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15:58 - 16:00That's really sad to hear,
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16:00 - 16:03and it hasn't helped them one bit,
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16:03 - 16:05hasn't solved any of their problems.
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16:05 - 16:07Yes, there could be a rotting of the American mind,
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16:07 - 16:10and of the minds all the way around the earth,
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16:10 - 16:13if we don't start to think sensibly about these things.
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16:14 - 16:16Now, we've offered this carrot,
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16:16 - 16:18as I say, we've dangled the carrot.
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16:18 - 16:20We're waiting for the psychics to come forth and snap at it.
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16:20 - 16:22Oh, we get lots of them,
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16:22 - 16:24hundreds of them every year come by.
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16:24 - 16:26These are dowsers and people
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16:26 - 16:28who think that they can talk to the dead as well,
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16:28 - 16:30but they're amateurs; they don't know how to evaluate
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16:30 - 16:33their own so-called powers.
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16:33 - 16:35The professionals never come near us,
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16:35 - 16:37except in that case of Sylvia Browne
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16:37 - 16:39that I told you about a moment ago.
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16:40 - 16:43She did accept and then backed away.
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16:43 - 16:46Ladies and gentlemen,
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16:46 - 16:49I'm James Randi,
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16:49 - 16:52and I'm waiting.
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16:52 - 16:54Thank you.
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16:54 - 16:57(Applause)
- Title:
- Homeopathy, quackery and fraud
- Speaker:
- James Randi
- Description:
-
Legendary skeptic James Randi takes a fatal dose of homeopathic sleeping pills onstage, kicking off a searing 18-minute indictment of irrational beliefs. He throws out a challenge to the world's psychics: Prove what you do is real, and I'll give you a million dollars. (No takers yet.)
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 16:59
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