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Hi. Echo questions, or echoes.
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Let's start this by looking at exactly
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what an echo is.
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Imagine: I'm in Spain, and I'm standing
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in front of a poster that says:
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"Welcome to sunny Spain"
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and it's pouring with rain.
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I'd look at the poster, I'd look at my
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friend and say, "Welcome to sunny Spain."
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Okay, I'm being ironic about what the
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poster says and the weather.
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That is an echo.
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Okay? I could make it more ironic
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by making it a question.
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"Welcome to sunny Spain?"
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Okay, there is more irony.
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Okay, this is another; this is now
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an echo question.
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Now, we can form this in
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various other ways by changing parts
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of the sentence for question words.
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"So I could say, "What to sunny Spain?"
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"Welcome to sunny where?"
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"Welcome to what Spain?"
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Okay, in each of these I'm emphasizing
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the irony of what it's saying
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and the fact that it's raining, okay?
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Umm this is an example of echoes,
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yes it suggests surprise.
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It's questioning the use of those words
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or that specific word.
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Okay? So, irony, surprise.
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Is that really true?
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Can that be real?
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Okay, can they really be using that?
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Now we often use echo questions, as well
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to ask people to repeat
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something they've said.
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I don't know, for example:
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"My friend comes from Jakarta."
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"He comes from where?"
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Okay. "Please repeat where he came from;
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he comes from where?"
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"He comes from where?" Okay.
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"I didn't hear what you said;
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please repeat it."
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I can do the same, as well
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to express surprise.
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"My friend comes from Jakarta."
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"He comes from where?!"
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Okay, but that's stronger
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than the please repeat.
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Please repeat: "He comes from where?"
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Okay, in this example it's easy because
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the echo has a distinct structure.
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It's an affirmative structure.
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Now the problem really starts
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with echo questions when we have
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an echo question that has the same form
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as a real question. So, again,
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"My friend comes from Jakarta."
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I'm in a group of people and I'm asking,
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"Where does he come from?"
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"Where does he come from?"
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That's a real question, okay?
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"Where does he come from?"
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My voice is rising.
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Now, if my friend says,
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"My friend comes from Jakarta."
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I could be- I could say,
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"Where does he come from?"
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"Where does he come from?"
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"I didn't hear you;
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where does he come from?"
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"Could you repeat where?"
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"Could you repeat the where?"
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Okay, umm, I could also
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express surprise or questioning:
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"Where does he come from?"
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"Where does he come from?"
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Okay, notice the questioning
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of where, yeah?
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So that's surprise or
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asking someone to repeat.
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Now that's with object questions.
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We can also have the same problem
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with subject questions.
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Okay, for example:
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"Seaholm comes from Ireland."
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Okay, Seaholm is an Irish name, okay?
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So imagine I'm asking a crowd of people.
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Okay, the question is:
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"Who comes from Ireland?" Okay,
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"Who comes from Ireland?"
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So the group of people, uh,
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"Who comes from Ireland?"
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"Who comes from Ireland?" Okay,
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"Is there anyone here
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who comes from Ireland?"
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Okay, "Seaholm comes from Ireland."
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"I didn't hear you;
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who comes from Ireland?"
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"Who comes from Ireland?"
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I'm questioning: "I didn't hear you;
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could you say that again?"
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"Yeah, Seaholm comes from Ireland."
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"Who comes from Ireland?"
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And then I could express surprise that
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it was Seaholm because I know her,
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but it's unusual.
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"Who comes from Ireland?"
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Okay, here again, the "Who is from there?"
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So, there you go.
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There's no easy solution to this.
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Umm, but remember,
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an echo can echo anything.
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It can echo what somebody
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might be thinking.
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Somebody's standing there
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looking really cool.
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"I'm cool?" you might say,
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and there you are adding irony to it.
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So, thanks for watching.
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If you enjoyed the video,
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give it a rating.
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Please subscribe to my channel
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and any questions,
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feel free to comment.
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"Feel free to what?"
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"Comment." Thanks a lot, bye.