Egalite for All Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution

I am
Toussaint Loverture.

My name is perhaps known to you.
He was called

the black George Washington the photo of
3 empires in in reached

Napoli Italy the post SPECT other black Republic
is equally disturbing to the Spanish the English

and the Americans he championed
Liberty any Gary D for all

to say Louisville to of and the Haitian Revolution
I'm

this program was made possible by the corporation
for public broadcasting

and by contributions to your PBS stations
from viewers like you

thank you
you

he is always described as the poorest country
in the Western Hemisphere

I'm but during its hiding I sent an angry
it was

the richest place in the Americas the thing
about it does that those

responsible
home rooted you slaves its wealth was based

on human capital I owning that human capital
and

always be personal mister sewn he shines
the main out bending over and

named Sweden my GP and if we told you the
game

yet through was as you know each
disappear therefore you become a 90 min any

respect
do leave like an animal

the diminutive the master had to be absolute
but that absolute missus self made

the master into something other than human
as well 1

that was new for the world the to sent over
to you

is the epitome of humanity you realize your
early on that

the condition he was in with totally insufferable
com to say who it to you recruited

about three to four thousand people train
them

game before the French
reach into Spanish comic for twenty years

they burned the mechanisms of their production
they've burning the plantation feels burning

down houses
there was a wholesale massacre under really

really enormous scale
it's a big match paybacks stool

the Haitian Revolution is probably the most
profound

evolution ever realized by you mean be
the only please wear sleeves

created in the shin but
nobody wants to talk about

in the summer of 1789 when he was still the
doom it come on you've seen looming

it was friends to grab the world's attention
persian mobs rioted against the French King

in against him
desperate poverty chanting slogans for liberty

equality and brotherhood they sparked a revolution
that would feel history books for centuries

to come
the truth about the French Revolution was

that it meant a lot of different
things to a lot of different people

0
one in the streets of Paris the French Revolution

Minton and to the appalling privileges as
well

the new and France's brand new congress
call the National Assembly it meant the ideas

if Europe's most radical thinkers
could be realized the nobody knows exactly

what's gonna come out it
but just the idea of up having rights right

the idea that
all people have rights that those rights are

inherent this is something that
obviously philosopher said written about before

but during the course the French Revolution
was written down in a text on

the Declaration of the Rights of Man
it's a dangerous idea because the society

is based on equality
that's what makes it work because it was not

supposed to work for everybody
it was supposed to work for the minority

0
and its slave holding colonies off the coast

of Florida
Martinique grade nope

in Island noon as the pearl fent least
them today the western half is he team

then it was the French colony a single man
could be

one thing that's fascinating about that time
people think the things we're very

far away
the word on Neots traveled very very fast

we have to remember that the ocean was like
a highway in the 18th century mean

ships were constantly bringing news back and
forth everyone was obsessed with

news
sailors would come off the ship's name first

people they were talk to the
people they would work with as they were unloading

ships
were enslaved people sell their reports were

describing the events that have
been going on in Paris to

to the enslaved that are working alongside
happens

%uh few intended clone your sleeves
shitty democratic ideas too hard with

far too much was at stake sugar grease the
wheels

eighteenth century economy and send a link
was the shooter capital the world things

Liam
this

old
it was easy even for France's political radicals

to ignore the agony that made it all possible
this

believes
on do sugar cane I just like

me miss kunin saw give the
got you you may not even seed been when you

perspire the switch get see deep burns
into one's the app ants or

the fight in windy
thank you you we scratch 074 after the team's

you do will grow refused to work with these
the

it all which you just shoot him at songs
the whole concept of slavery itself is is

it totally savage one
the French the brought it down to a science

slave coming from Africa would not last three
years

the way the system he was organized they had
it down to that kinda

statistics did did very systematic and it
was very successful

themes
slavery into new meaning succeeded to on a

foundation
a bullet list errors of

my sleeve owner steny last see flash
explained it as rational management

sloping ish mints naked fed impressions and
quick

for violent ones vessel and
causes and 50 lashes and ministered in five

minutes
25 lashes if the with administered in a close

to 11 hours
this is far more likely to make an impression

so much girl week
the accounts about the tortures inflicted

in states are are often
horrifying

legs cut off for arms cut-off amputations
for runaways

running high power are pepper and so forth
into the ones

slaves actually hung and left to die but
you can kind of imagine that that's kinda

world in which
essential human life was given so little value

at the structures were kind of
refined to this incredible cool effect %uh

%uh despite the brutal tools have controlled
some blacks managed to escape slavery 0

%uh others had gained freedom to their own
wits

or talents 0 one such man 0
home I was born a slave

but need you give me to sue of the freemen
home

I
too similar to you was a very determined man

he was a premium issues man and in my opinion
he was a genius con

to sound as I think when the most incredible
figures

and I know that in in many ways
he's born on a plantation in sending

he grows up on a plantation that plantation
was owned by a man who was

tolerant for the times
to say I was taught to read invite as a child

it
he eventually occupies that a somewhat privileged

role as you can see that on
plantations as encouragement

and has a kinda relationship with the managers
and ministers

some ways he becomes free in the 1770s
so he somebody who can occupy different roles

in society and I think that's the
key

for understanding to Sat is that he saw possibilities
where other people that

the
%uh he had businesses

had contacts in the US and elsewhere bank
accounts

manages affairs pretty well the man was enlisting
organizational capacity I mean you would have

been a fantastic CEO today
use you

and to say
didn't record his first reactions the revolution

and friends
but his fellow free send lincoln's the white

colonials
in the mixed-race population which transfixed

it
and 1789 there were about forty thousand white

people
and about 30,000 collar people they were course

there
signs and cousins and so on and so forth your

land owners themselves
many of them slave owners themselves many

of them
very effective businessman many of them

involved romantically with the fight master
class

that when everything's it's important to remember
that Haiti

and races it was it simply black and white
instead you had numerous cretaceous have color

the new one historian went so far as to
give a hundred in 10 categories of color

from absolute black to absolute white
and two each combination he gave a name mulatto

squadron mama Luke
and what he was accounted for was the drops

love black blood by
whites hoped for more control over the colonies

governance
but the colonies mixed-race population

hoped for more fundamental changes they had
been born free

but not equal mmm
they had two shoe fees equal respect

for more the white stained 0 when
doin presence of a white called him beast

to Ole whatever title do want to do
ODF it was not easy for them

in that exactly why do i do first one before
the blacks

you're the first one to ask fall
equality

the
the mixed-race population first into making

decided their tunes had come
in 1791 they sent a petition to France's new

government
asking for the rights of citizenship

this is a powerful message to have been taking
place in the society

that was explicitly organized
on any quality

just like dynamite you
the petition asked for civil protections

in In re the island's white population
working-class colonists begin a full-scale

intimidation campaign
the threatened the in murdered mixed-race

president.
in the capital things

but the petition met a different reception
back in Paris

the new creative delegate to the National
Assembly

issued a landmark to create distended
equal rights to the small population mixed-race

people
born have to feed parents more

cool
despite the reforms limited extent the governor

sununu Ming
refuse to obey colonial white

felt profoundly be trade some such as a plan
to his wife's name Adam do free

begin discussing radical thoughts have their
own home

nessuno assembly is committed to destroying
our lives as Master house

so much so that's a session from POS
might be necessary the slave owners

of America I hope will band together
to stop discontent y'all of Liberty modem

sales
the good lord who created the Sun which gives

us like from above
who rouses desi and makes the Thunder roar

watches us Glen Doherty was a sleeve
and who do priest I'll

throw away the image up to god of the whites
who thirsts what tears they listen to the

voice of Liberty
which speaks in the heart servo love us I'll

in August 1791 yes and remains white
in mixed-race population squared off for showdown

Bookman call together slaves from neighbouring
plantations

they'd been kidnapped from different parts
in Africa and Voodoo religion

was there a common culture things
referred to say police pleaded as a set since

you know the usual
see remote DVD lacy super skilled as you'll

see a lot of us under the evil
see not work force do said

would really be that they only would we gt2
food to sigs

iluvu do see not with traditional
of Brooklyn had call them

to an area called walk a mile
first on the agenda was strategy
the

that's a win-win me above what came
is due first haitian conquests the beginning

of new evolution
you

month see das said venial
want left K DC death unit Police Club

that will leave visual admitted because he
said Shinda let know that it

did you file a party sits in the morning pool
left for campus would be stepped on

the
think

do I
patience tradition says this leaves us in

doing planned
that 92 evolved they time their uprising to

start in multiple plantations
in two weeks time in this

for each other to soccer stuff I
they even said that the keel p

your and a drunk dubroff
Inc

young this is
what we call communion

coming on up to keep want to have
for what you have seen them said

the got up the white men cause him to commit
crimes

I've got orders revenge you would direct our
hands

he will 8 us
on the night of August 22nd 1791

their masters Liz this could have
a plasmid

plays his club scale is kept she adds places
clam

311 EB us good
for them to be freed they have to have

the same amount of islands that you exist
upon them

that's way too loose from
fairly brutal still

DC's that a trip defers the
that came out things

the rebel numbers grew from 1000 to 20,000
in order to destroy the system diligence leave

them
within three days the most profitable plantations

in the Americas had been laid waste 100 84
sugar plantations

in a thousand coffee farms on
whites and mixed-race people fled to the capital

city
for mutual protection your from there

they watch firestorms on all the rise since
of

def got I fiery cataclysm oven or miss Kayla
mean that people on ships in armor

suppose we could read their male
by the light on these fires at work yeah 10

15 20 miles away
to give you something idea of what this would

have been like if you're there
the rupture no violence

put to Snellville to your in a difficult position
his own fortunes were tied to the plantation

system
and he'd straddled the white in black world's

for some 15 years
moons to see was no longer

personally if he didn't have demanded and
medium sleeve

he was the owner of two or three presentations
he was not have the same class anymore

ease interest were different
from the interests of two masses

but to since first reaction to the raging
violence was based neither one

money
your race it was personal he went back to

the plantation
where he had been born to protect his former

owners
it's true that to send a vessel did return

to the plantation
and they really deserve instruction and kind

of maintain order there
and there's always there's a question a question

why why would he do that
I think to Sam was somebody who I'm

understood the value of I love I am humanity
in many ways rainy I think you probably had

game that precisely from being on
the

then receiving end of slavery back in the
capital city

as to say helped his former master see the
violence

ceilings whites repealed assault have to assault
they see me grouped in loans

there own offensive
the bloodletting continued tf2 d

week after seoul numbing week fringe Colonist
parkfield blackwell the county is field

with dead bodies which lie unburied the nichols
have left the lights

with stakes didn't even call them into the
compound

and the White Oaks who take no prisoners
evening hosted up on the field well

three months after the revolution started
the voodoo priest Bookman dirty

was killed in battle home white soldiers decapitated
him

in burned his body and view of the rebel camp
home

in the words of one observer the conflict
in San domain

had become in exterminating
you'll

the home
in the autumn of 1791 to C'ville to

could no longer sit on the sidelines despite
a wife and children

despite the chance even if losing his own
freedom

to see didn't hesitate Mon he left
everything he dropped everything any went

to the mound
I'm it was an act

extraordinary risk the island's 500,000 sleeves
outnumbered whites by 12 to one's

but the ultimate prospects for poor few
had experienced in military strategy in the

head
new unifying history or long-term vision

the fact is lot of people didn't really know
what freedom

was supposed to look like nobody had really
even theorized her match in this

before
s

to see on the other hand had a unique window
on the world

he was schooled in African in European cultural
I

did read some of France's most radical thinkers
of to South had certainly rad

attacks by I love the rain I'll which predicted
that outta the colonial slave system with

its
Yelp frightening imbalance with numbers and

horrible suffering an hour that
there would amor de leader

revolutionary leader I believe right now refer
to him as a black Spartacus

%uh descends literate person there's no way
you wouldn't miss this

my as rebel leaders struggled to forge a discipline
fighting forced

to says talents and intellect set him apart
low yeah then

in December 1791 some four months
after the rebellion began black in 20 some

begin to crumble of
the new French government in Paris sit more

than 10,000 military reinforcements
to help the colonists reestablish White Wolf

home supplies were scarce in the mountains
in Winterport famine to the rebel my niece

thousands begin to surrender years to sell
over to your

was not somebody who likes violence really
he was good at if he had to do it

but he preferred two years
I'll negotiation diplomacy Kyle trickery anything

by benefiting where he kill you never know
but he try anything else first

to send a bill to was
AST to write up a settlement or for in exchange

for the freedom of two hundred
sleeve leaders

and better working conditions on the plantations
the proposal offered to send most to the rebels

back to the plantation it was a stark recognition
as eighteenth-century realities

sometimes it's easy to look back at this and
suggest that they were willing to

sell out their followers
while the terms I think its true are are troubling

in some ways
they were also trying to see some change I

think the key here is that it was
really difficult to imagine that your actually

eliminate slavery
new friends commissioners had just arrived

from Paris
to restore order more liberal than the planters

the emerge soon remains whites to accept the
rebels for for

in a call sleeve leaders to the capital a
new comp

for negotiations trust
was minimal some sleep rebels wanted to kill

their white prisoners
but to Silvio to argued against it

he wanted the whites we turn to look at as
a gesture of goodwill

well
so too sad is sent to negotiate with the planters

with the idea that I sense a
settlement can be reached

I'm this settlement is not only for the freedom
sum up the insurgent leaders but also for

some reforms on the plantation
small reforms for reforms that at least in

the letters they describe
their followers really want whether the small

group leaders actually
would have had the power to say to all these

people at a techno care going back
to work now issue chained

I don't know as it happened or why people
were so short-sighted that they

didn't even given the opportunity to try
I'm the White said no this in no

because adept I'm there were 21 wanted revenge
before getting what they have done for three

centuries in the thing to do would
have victims indeed being

so they have to avenge themselves
should be not going to forgive forget ATT

day we fused of course he's taken up arms
against F

but at the same time he's made a lot of concessions
and its struggle against his

own followers
to say look we're going to treat the prisoners

well we're gonna trade with
them

willing to make a deal and to have that refused
by

the planter class I think certainly must have
Hannah are radicalizing effect

to sis support for settlement abruptly ended
in with it the best to the whites would ever

see
by I'll

for
back in France the democratic revolution

had turned to terror France's revolutionary
army

was at war with neighboring countries its
radical leaders sought to purge

themselves
enemies from within executed

houses
Kimberly 1793 dated

the unthinkable the revolutionary government
beheaded taking

events in France for going faster than
than anyone ever intended I mean this is

volcanic upheaval a true class revel is a
turn everything completely

upside down and each
reptile they came out with strike this reserve

center Mac
one of the biggest ripples from France that

washed
in to send a main source was a commissioner

named
lazy PCT so till next blood

he was a French revolutionary with radical
ideas

about life in the colony one
southern axe arrives and send him and having

already
had bad word said about him their people actually

written from from france
to the colonists annexing watch out for this

guy
he's an abolitionist he wants to abolish slavery

good money center banks
mixed-race population

had so far retained its fragile alignment
with the white system to ensure that continued

so tonight's created representational Council
on the island invited mixed-race citizens

to serve
he even brought mixed race team and into the

cool new government
you and a lot of light enters a really really

upset about that and and CNS as
that is a really destructive force

the way planters had cause for worry less
than two years after joining the

rebellion
to send a bill to your head first into the

top the rebel army
I am

to send a good year my name is perhaps known
to you

in 1793 you vote in open letter
to the island disenfranchised I have

undertaken vengeance I want Liberty
inequality to rein in San to me

how work to bring damning to existence
unite yourselves to us producers and fight

with us for the same cause with his letter
he announces to think denounces for small

his commitment to the process to
the project emancipation

and announces his presence as a leader maybe
even the leader

he has green great respect from his followers
and with this proclamation

he's essentially saying
you want freedom and I'm the one is going

to bring you that freedom
so and the person to follow in this regard

but to see it this time was addressing the
wider world

to he was particularly focused
on Spain's the Spanish wanted to a soda colony

away from friends for two reasons
first colony was velly velly prosperous

in spite of the wall and second
that prosperity was used by the French Revolution

to combat beim
in Europe

Spain controlled cinemas neighboring colony
so in juneau 1793 to sister could do.

Spanish garrisons just over the border provided
guns and ammunition to the

sleeve army
and tip the balance their way well

to says forces captured three cities within
eight months

well
I'm

cent wings white planters word desperate
many heated the new order and friends

in a treasonous moved the invited the British
to help put down the sleepy billions

now the Empire's a friend's Spain
end England along with the vast army of former

slaves
were fighting for control the small

Island colony the
then in early 1794

in the colony 0 a multi-racial delegation
from Simulink

had appeared in France's national assembly
0

peed pledge freedom to send a link sleeves
for fighting the army's a pertinent Spain

the emissaries made a compelling argument
movies are the principles and the ideals a

France
and we fully represent them and we want to

wish to continue represent them
on our Island so we've come to present arguments

about why
we are in fact truly committed to those ideas

and principles
and how weeping a-minus these principles on

the French Revolution more
I think it was very powerful for the representatives

to France to hear
essentially that what happened in the carribean

is at the white slave owners
had deserted France they had gone over to

the British they had fought against
the Republic

and the true people the true republicans in
Santa Marg

where these enslave people who just want their
freedom of

the French National Assembly endorse the emancipation
a send a link in sleeves but that was not

all
the delegates freed slaves throughout the

entire
empire to Anders

rejoicing in celebration there's an older
woman

a free woman of color has traditionally gone
to the debates

who for sheds tears in his brought down and
celebrated its are to this moment

and their speeches in Paris celebrations event
throughout france

it's really seen as a kind a triumph for the
French Revolution for the ideals of

the French Revolution
that this worst form of I've hierarchy enslavement

and oppression has been abolished I'm in the
Caribbean

it was are truly unprecedented in a stroke
newly a million black sleeves

had become friends citizens
0 cool

me his
who simply some word that the French Revolutionary

Government had freed
slaves

reach send a link quickly it was one of history's
Creek watersheds

into largely to the extraordinary military
accomplishments

of two scenes army home but the credit did
not rest with to sail alone

he'd civil able commanders working under him
men like just like the saline who shared his

soldier's life experiences
more closely than to civil

this Selena been mistreated in slavery considerably
wept a lot he had tremendous web scars on

his back
%uh that he like to display on occasion he

had
deep reserves have anger and violence but

also very very intelligent man
your for the Saleen into said

you emancipation changed everything
they quickly trim their sails to the new order

just
to say we realize that Spain had a keen

England had a king and friends was talking
about liberty equality

fraternity
all remain equality

so he realized that although
believe or started by fighting the French

different right now could be
the best have a big dick could receive you

so you rejoin the French
home

after three years in opposition
to simply go to was once again loyal friend

citizen
so were his followers

it tipped the balance before long to senator
de Celine in our music sleeves push the Spanish

centre cinema and
the bridges soon followed

word have to say is astonishing string of
victories

against white armies was spreading across
the European world

did he make it
didn't like it at all that there was a black

general
B team white armies didn't like it

slaveholders everywhere were stunned
in worried in the united states for instance

in cuban
didn't want even white frenchmen

to calm because do would tailed a stony
youu morning we're from San domain the word

onset in no matter what Beyonce it would be
known

that there was black we vote we confronted
dangers in order to gain our liberty in New

Moon be able to confront
dead in order to keep the sleeves had once

accepted the chain
because they had not experienced the state

a pure
in slavery but lose these are over the people

of sending grew rather be buried
in the room emailed a country

didn't so for the return of slavery of
to says ringing language should his profound

attachment to democratic ideals
but there was another side to send to

on anybody who
look like they threatened to sack either and

their job dad
or the foreign

to see had already been appointed brigadier
general

and then governor scintillating no black men
head ever written so far in the colonies 0

still to nextel Supermax was
extremely popular because he was too want

to say okay series are bullish
he was very

popular and a black used to call him but national
to max

don't didn't go well with 26 to say
he's very for you so the next as long as a

Mac can serve his purposes
now and nothing personal about it was a drag

because use this you will send him
back

over there let's a simple as that 0
in a series of political maneuvers he isolated

the civil Commissioner
in August he forced into an ex of the island

to send a bill

to a child
again I'm in 1798

from his silent in other fringe general battle
British

interest halfway around the world in Egypt
his name was not fully healed

bonaparte of
will to sign a bill in many ways are for similar

both were a little bit from the margins in
French society they

succeeded through military brilliance near
both incredible

military leaders and they became political
leaders as a result of their

military
experience on

but Napoli was victories would put two cents
at Bristol

just months after conquering Egypt Napoli
all marched into Paris

a coup d'état toppled the revolutionary government
in a polio 22 Greens have power the revolution

is
over he declared hi in the revolution

as an appalling is rising to power in France
to sounds watching closely

about what's going on he knows several things
he knows first about that they're

very powerful
pro-slavery voices in France who are advert

were agitating against him
attacking him and proposing that slavery actually

be recreated in some form
and send a mixed is

to say believes in doing survival in the survival
of freedom itself

depended on his ability to mobilize people
to rebuild the devastated economy

see me into sense mind that meant
learned saying
his black followers

should return to the cane fields
there were some compelling reasons for this
I

mean mainly into says situation
he was really in a bind at that point %ah

in the sense that his hope for peace was restoring
product productivity on the

plantations
recreating the sugar trade in particularly

but
nobody wanted to go back to that kind of work

so he pretty well had 24 stuff
and then the people began to think mean this

is a lot like slavery
me she West Wong

maybe a little too strong with a black since
ive all occasions

but he had to do it you have to do it
to be a leader you got to know who where

to lay back and you have to know when to say
okay guys

go ahead as do it if you don't do it her
whatever the consequences you before

most newly freed slaves didn't see it that
way

they wanted to work for themselves growing
crops for food

rather than export to says luster began to
tarnish

of
Napoli on the other hand was writing honey

he restructured the government and proclaimed
a new constitution for France

far from enshrining documents a patient
it open the door for friends to reinstitute

slavery
in its colonies build

when the best you heard that he really understood
that something was changing

and more ominously understood that he didn't
have any way to influence the

point well
and so what he did in kind of typical to sell

fashion israel responded by saying
okay

send a magazine have its own loss well here
they are I'm in charge here I might

as well read the Constitution of
to say is constitution decreed sleeve we would

never existence in demand again
it was the first in history to prohibit discrimination

based on skin color a milestone that US law
would not guarantee for another 150 years

the Constitution
had troubling elements to get me to send

governor for life with sole authority
to designate his successor and

two sets great hero to me but this is not
a good idea I mean he basically with

that gesture
installed permanent military dictatorship

which is
remained a problem in 84 for two centuries

taken it down when he needed to do with that
I think

not quite sure why did but that was enough
to

to send the phone and over-the-air urged
Napoleon Bonaparte it had enough a revolution

in according to Napoli lemme the US President
thomas jefferson

shared his view the course packed
other black people bleak is equity still being

to the Spanish
the English Andy Americans Jefferson has published

that at the instant the French he has a high
def all measures will be taken to

stop
to sup the fetus up these give the negroes

and we will have nothing to more
to wish for of

to send tried urgently tuition up a li'l
that military logic if nothing else proved

the merit
black ambitions to sign it was writing napoleon

he wanted so much
to be to recognize as saving

this land for France
the his efforts failed

in 1802 to see was stunned
to see the largest French Expeditionary Force

ever assembled entering cent wings Harbor
its mission was simple Napoli all wanted

to turn back the clock my decision
to destroy the authority of the blacks in

central bank is not so much based on
consideration of comments and money

as on the need to block forever the march
of the blacks

in the world to still go to forty invading
French Army for

to be grueling months but the island's black
population

no disenchanted with his leadership or said
lackluster support

on May 6 1802 to Silvio to you
yeah he surrendered at first he was allowed

to retire from the Army
with full honors but a month later

he was called to a meeting with the french
commander

she if I wanted to count all the services
that I have rendered to the

French government I will need several volumes
and steel I would finish it off

19th to say was arrested on charges of conspiracy
of yes the routes and stuff that's very eloquent

say
ice rather suspect it's because of my collar

that you're treating me like
a common criminal although I prefer not to

believe us
and to compensate me for all the service sees

they're rested me I but really in central
Maine

they choke me in drag me like a criminal
we dont any dick a room for concern for my

ring
his doctor recommends do my work the formally

amid nice French officer would have been brought
before a military tribunal so

he comports himself as if he's gonna have
a military trial

to says sons had been educated in France
they had even met nobody'll hoping again that

Napoli all would understand his
thinking

to say peacefully boarded a ship for France
cinemania remained

mostly calm into says week just like the saline
in the other black officers continued Corp

reading
with friends general Victoria Kirk

but then news arrived from the new by Colin
you quick loop

Napoli neal had reinstated sleep three
the clear reported that he had a Salinas pocketing

controlled him and had
mastered his spirit will hi

was extremely right about that
send a link developed id and anger in fear

de Celine quickly broke from friends one more
time

the former sleeves assuming to the field
begins to european armies this ellen is a

no holds bar no compromising leader in
Figure

cool is going to eradicate
anything that stands in the way well with

the people have been mobilizing
towards

that's generally reported that they saw me
killed all the white people

masterful white idk race more no not really
there's one report by survivor he managed

to get out to
escape by masquerading as an american kiss

dazzling the stacking america's
for English just France

one fleeing light Pierce has dogged
paused on a mountaintop to observe the devastation

no less than 10 square leagues have conceived
running that volcanoes the so happy to have

the conflagration was such
has to make the beholder believed that large

and stick things have gunpowder
had previously been laid down

that war becomes the Sri extreme scorched-earth
kind of campaign in which

gasoline and others burn the town's in order
to

basically leave the French with little with
no choice but to depart

the Saleen scorched-earth tactics worked
in 1803 the French army

was finally driven out fifty thousand french
soldiers had died

in Sinnoh main Katie
became the world's first black the public

this is a powerful story
it wasn't just an anti-colonial revolution

but it wasn't also anti-slavery revolution
in that it said your economy and your privilege

which is based on forced labor cannot stand
the last stand

it's a message that translates to in time
independence

is dis quand est feeding
of human I think we all in some ways

have inherited something from this revolution
because it's really the first

place the people insisted
absolutely that human rights were for all

people
it's something that everybody should know

about it to know exactly what I
what

our species not black people but
our species can we are nice but to send a

bill to
never live to see victory by the time he to

attain the goal
he fought so hard to achieve p.m. prison revolutionary

had died in a freezing cell in the mountains
a friends

and overthrowing me movie wilt as he left
for France

you have only cut down the trunk at the Liberty
Tree if the blacks

and send a link it will spring back from the
roots

for the are numerous and deep.
Haiti's victory inspired those

who struggled against
slavery and racism for generations.

But its tree of liberty took root
in a hostile world.

France demanded crippling
indemnity payments.

The U.S. refused recognition
for sixty years. And a line

of authoritarian rulers trampled rights
and worsened race and class divides.

Violence, poverty and environmental
degradation continue to this day.

The Haitian Revolution -
born of high ideals

and devastating sacrifice --
remains an unfinished project.

Egalité for All:
Toussaint Loverture and

the Haitian Revolution is available on DVD
the companion book is also available to order

visit ShopPBS.org or call us at 1-800
PLAY-PBS

This program was made possible
by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting

and by contributions
to your PBS stations

from viewers like you.
Thank you