I am Toussaint Loverture.
My name is perhaps known to you. He was called
the black George Washington the photo of 3 empires in in reached
Napoli Italy the post SPECT other black Republic is equally disturbing to the Spanish the English
and the Americans he championed Liberty any Gary D for all
to say Louisville to of and the Haitian Revolution I'm
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thank you you
he is always described as the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere
I'm but during its hiding I sent an angry it was
the richest place in the Americas the thing about it does that those
responsible home rooted you slaves its wealth was based
on human capital I owning that human capital and
always be personal mister sewn he shines the main out bending over and
named Sweden my GP and if we told you the game
yet through was as you know each disappear therefore you become a 90 min any
respect do leave like an animal
the diminutive the master had to be absolute but that absolute missus self made
the master into something other than human as well 1
that was new for the world the to sent over to you
is the epitome of humanity you realize your early on that
the condition he was in with totally insufferable com to say who it to you recruited
about three to four thousand people train them
game before the French reach into Spanish comic for twenty years
they burned the mechanisms of their production they've burning the plantation feels burning
down houses there was a wholesale massacre under really
really enormous scale it's a big match paybacks stool
the Haitian Revolution is probably the most profound
evolution ever realized by you mean be the only please wear sleeves
created in the shin but nobody wants to talk about
in the summer of 1789 when he was still the doom it come on you've seen looming
it was friends to grab the world's attention persian mobs rioted against the French King
in against him desperate poverty chanting slogans for liberty
equality and brotherhood they sparked a revolution that would feel history books for centuries
to come the truth about the French Revolution was
that it meant a lot of different things to a lot of different people
0 one in the streets of Paris the French Revolution
Minton and to the appalling privileges as well
the new and France's brand new congress call the National Assembly it meant the ideas
if Europe's most radical thinkers could be realized the nobody knows exactly
what's gonna come out it but just the idea of up having rights right
the idea that all people have rights that those rights are
inherent this is something that obviously philosopher said written about before
but during the course the French Revolution was written down in a text on
the Declaration of the Rights of Man it's a dangerous idea because the society
is based on equality that's what makes it work because it was not
supposed to work for everybody it was supposed to work for the minority
0 and its slave holding colonies off the coast
of Florida Martinique grade nope
in Island noon as the pearl fent least them today the western half is he team
then it was the French colony a single man could be
one thing that's fascinating about that time people think the things we're very
far away the word on Neots traveled very very fast
we have to remember that the ocean was like a highway in the 18th century mean
ships were constantly bringing news back and forth everyone was obsessed with
news sailors would come off the ship's name first
people they were talk to the people they would work with as they were unloading
ships were enslaved people sell their reports were
describing the events that have been going on in Paris to
to the enslaved that are working alongside happens
%uh few intended clone your sleeves shitty democratic ideas too hard with
far too much was at stake sugar grease the wheels
eighteenth century economy and send a link was the shooter capital the world things
Liam this
old it was easy even for France's political radicals
to ignore the agony that made it all possible this
believes on do sugar cane I just like
me miss kunin saw give the got you you may not even seed been when you
perspire the switch get see deep burns into one's the app ants or
the fight in windy thank you you we scratch 074 after the team's
you do will grow refused to work with these the
it all which you just shoot him at songs the whole concept of slavery itself is is
it totally savage one the French the brought it down to a science
slave coming from Africa would not last three years
the way the system he was organized they had it down to that kinda
statistics did did very systematic and it was very successful
themes slavery into new meaning succeeded to on a
foundation a bullet list errors of
my sleeve owner steny last see flash explained it as rational management
sloping ish mints naked fed impressions and quick
for violent ones vessel and causes and 50 lashes and ministered in five
minutes 25 lashes if the with administered in a close
to 11 hours this is far more likely to make an impression
so much girl week the accounts about the tortures inflicted
in states are are often horrifying
legs cut off for arms cut-off amputations for runaways
running high power are pepper and so forth into the ones
slaves actually hung and left to die but you can kind of imagine that that's kinda
world in which essential human life was given so little value
at the structures were kind of refined to this incredible cool effect %uh
%uh despite the brutal tools have controlled some blacks managed to escape slavery 0
%uh others had gained freedom to their own wits
or talents 0 one such man 0 home I was born a slave
but need you give me to sue of the freemen home
I too similar to you was a very determined man
he was a premium issues man and in my opinion he was a genius con
to sound as I think when the most incredible figures
and I know that in in many ways he's born on a plantation in sending
he grows up on a plantation that plantation was owned by a man who was
tolerant for the times to say I was taught to read invite as a child
it he eventually occupies that a somewhat privileged
role as you can see that on plantations as encouragement
and has a kinda relationship with the managers and ministers
some ways he becomes free in the 1770s so he somebody who can occupy different roles
in society and I think that's the key
for understanding to Sat is that he saw possibilities where other people that
the %uh he had businesses
had contacts in the US and elsewhere bank accounts
manages affairs pretty well the man was enlisting organizational capacity I mean you would have
been a fantastic CEO today use you
and to say didn't record his first reactions the revolution
and friends but his fellow free send lincoln's the white
colonials in the mixed-race population which transfixed
it and 1789 there were about forty thousand white
people and about 30,000 collar people they were course
there signs and cousins and so on and so forth your
land owners themselves many of them slave owners themselves many
of them very effective businessman many of them
involved romantically with the fight master class
that when everything's it's important to remember that Haiti
and races it was it simply black and white instead you had numerous cretaceous have color
the new one historian went so far as to give a hundred in 10 categories of color
from absolute black to absolute white and two each combination he gave a name mulatto
squadron mama Luke and what he was accounted for was the drops
love black blood by whites hoped for more control over the colonies
governance but the colonies mixed-race population
hoped for more fundamental changes they had been born free
but not equal mmm they had two shoe fees equal respect
for more the white stained 0 when doin presence of a white called him beast
to Ole whatever title do want to do ODF it was not easy for them
in that exactly why do i do first one before the blacks
you're the first one to ask fall equality
the the mixed-race population first into making
decided their tunes had come in 1791 they sent a petition to France's new
government asking for the rights of citizenship
this is a powerful message to have been taking place in the society
that was explicitly organized on any quality
just like dynamite you the petition asked for civil protections
in In re the island's white population working-class colonists begin a full-scale
intimidation campaign the threatened the in murdered mixed-race
president. in the capital things
but the petition met a different reception back in Paris
the new creative delegate to the National Assembly
issued a landmark to create distended equal rights to the small population mixed-race
people born have to feed parents more
cool despite the reforms limited extent the governor
sununu Ming refuse to obey colonial white
felt profoundly be trade some such as a plan to his wife's name Adam do free
begin discussing radical thoughts have their own home
nessuno assembly is committed to destroying our lives as Master house
so much so that's a session from POS might be necessary the slave owners
of America I hope will band together to stop discontent y'all of Liberty modem
sales the good lord who created the Sun which gives
us like from above who rouses desi and makes the Thunder roar
watches us Glen Doherty was a sleeve and who do priest I'll
throw away the image up to god of the whites who thirsts what tears they listen to the
voice of Liberty which speaks in the heart servo love us I'll
in August 1791 yes and remains white in mixed-race population squared off for showdown
Bookman call together slaves from neighbouring plantations
they'd been kidnapped from different parts in Africa and Voodoo religion
was there a common culture things referred to say police pleaded as a set since
you know the usual see remote DVD lacy super skilled as you'll
see a lot of us under the evil see not work force do said
would really be that they only would we gt2 food to sigs
iluvu do see not with traditional of Brooklyn had call them
to an area called walk a mile first on the agenda was strategy the
that's a win-win me above what came is due first haitian conquests the beginning
of new evolution you
month see das said venial want left K DC death unit Police Club
that will leave visual admitted because he said Shinda let know that it
did you file a party sits in the morning pool left for campus would be stepped on
the think
do I patience tradition says this leaves us in
doing planned that 92 evolved they time their uprising to
start in multiple plantations in two weeks time in this
for each other to soccer stuff I they even said that the keel p
your and a drunk dubroff Inc
young this is what we call communion
coming on up to keep want to have for what you have seen them said
the got up the white men cause him to commit crimes
I've got orders revenge you would direct our hands
he will 8 us on the night of August 22nd 1791
their masters Liz this could have a plasmid
plays his club scale is kept she adds places clam
311 EB us good for them to be freed they have to have
the same amount of islands that you exist upon them
that's way too loose from fairly brutal still
DC's that a trip defers the that came out things
the rebel numbers grew from 1000 to 20,000 in order to destroy the system diligence leave
them within three days the most profitable plantations
in the Americas had been laid waste 100 84 sugar plantations
in a thousand coffee farms on whites and mixed-race people fled to the capital
city for mutual protection your from there
they watch firestorms on all the rise since of
def got I fiery cataclysm oven or miss Kayla mean that people on ships in armor
suppose we could read their male by the light on these fires at work yeah 10
15 20 miles away to give you something idea of what this would
have been like if you're there the rupture no violence
put to Snellville to your in a difficult position his own fortunes were tied to the plantation
system and he'd straddled the white in black world's
for some 15 years moons to see was no longer
personally if he didn't have demanded and medium sleeve
he was the owner of two or three presentations he was not have the same class anymore
ease interest were different from the interests of two masses
but to since first reaction to the raging violence was based neither one
money your race it was personal he went back to
the plantation where he had been born to protect his former
owners it's true that to send a vessel did return
to the plantation and they really deserve instruction and kind
of maintain order there and there's always there's a question a question
why why would he do that I think to Sam was somebody who I'm
understood the value of I love I am humanity in many ways rainy I think you probably had
game that precisely from being on the
then receiving end of slavery back in the capital city
as to say helped his former master see the violence
ceilings whites repealed assault have to assault they see me grouped in loans
there own offensive the bloodletting continued tf2 d
week after seoul numbing week fringe Colonist parkfield blackwell the county is field
with dead bodies which lie unburied the nichols have left the lights
with stakes didn't even call them into the compound
and the White Oaks who take no prisoners evening hosted up on the field well
three months after the revolution started the voodoo priest Bookman dirty
was killed in battle home white soldiers decapitated him
in burned his body and view of the rebel camp home
in the words of one observer the conflict in San domain
had become in exterminating you'll
the home in the autumn of 1791 to C'ville to
could no longer sit on the sidelines despite a wife and children
despite the chance even if losing his own freedom
to see didn't hesitate Mon he left everything he dropped everything any went
to the mound I'm it was an act
extraordinary risk the island's 500,000 sleeves outnumbered whites by 12 to one's
but the ultimate prospects for poor few had experienced in military strategy in the
head new unifying history or long-term vision
the fact is lot of people didn't really know what freedom
was supposed to look like nobody had really even theorized her match in this
before s
to see on the other hand had a unique window on the world
he was schooled in African in European cultural I
did read some of France's most radical thinkers of to South had certainly rad
attacks by I love the rain I'll which predicted that outta the colonial slave system with
its Yelp frightening imbalance with numbers and
horrible suffering an hour that there would amor de leader
revolutionary leader I believe right now refer to him as a black Spartacus
%uh descends literate person there's no way you wouldn't miss this
my as rebel leaders struggled to forge a discipline fighting forced
to says talents and intellect set him apart low yeah then
in December 1791 some four months after the rebellion began black in 20 some
begin to crumble of the new French government in Paris sit more
than 10,000 military reinforcements to help the colonists reestablish White Wolf
home supplies were scarce in the mountains in Winterport famine to the rebel my niece
thousands begin to surrender years to sell over to your
was not somebody who likes violence really he was good at if he had to do it
but he preferred two years I'll negotiation diplomacy Kyle trickery anything
by benefiting where he kill you never know but he try anything else first
to send a bill to was AST to write up a settlement or for in exchange
for the freedom of two hundred sleeve leaders
and better working conditions on the plantations the proposal offered to send most to the rebels
back to the plantation it was a stark recognition as eighteenth-century realities
sometimes it's easy to look back at this and suggest that they were willing to
sell out their followers while the terms I think its true are are troubling
in some ways they were also trying to see some change I
think the key here is that it was really difficult to imagine that your actually
eliminate slavery new friends commissioners had just arrived
from Paris to restore order more liberal than the planters
the emerge soon remains whites to accept the rebels for for
in a call sleeve leaders to the capital a new comp
for negotiations trust was minimal some sleep rebels wanted to kill
their white prisoners but to Silvio to argued against it
he wanted the whites we turn to look at as a gesture of goodwill
well so too sad is sent to negotiate with the planters
with the idea that I sense a settlement can be reached
I'm this settlement is not only for the freedom sum up the insurgent leaders but also for
some reforms on the plantation small reforms for reforms that at least in
the letters they describe their followers really want whether the small
group leaders actually would have had the power to say to all these
people at a techno care going back to work now issue chained
I don't know as it happened or why people were so short-sighted that they
didn't even given the opportunity to try I'm the White said no this in no
because adept I'm there were 21 wanted revenge before getting what they have done for three
centuries in the thing to do would have victims indeed being
so they have to avenge themselves should be not going to forgive forget ATT
day we fused of course he's taken up arms against F
but at the same time he's made a lot of concessions and its struggle against his
own followers to say look we're going to treat the prisoners
well we're gonna trade with them
willing to make a deal and to have that refused by
the planter class I think certainly must have Hannah are radicalizing effect
to sis support for settlement abruptly ended in with it the best to the whites would ever
see by I'll
for back in France the democratic revolution
had turned to terror France's revolutionary army
was at war with neighboring countries its radical leaders sought to purge
themselves enemies from within executed
houses Kimberly 1793 dated
the unthinkable the revolutionary government beheaded taking
events in France for going faster than than anyone ever intended I mean this is
volcanic upheaval a true class revel is a turn everything completely
upside down and each reptile they came out with strike this reserve
center Mac one of the biggest ripples from France that
washed in to send a main source was a commissioner
named lazy PCT so till next blood
he was a French revolutionary with radical ideas
about life in the colony one southern axe arrives and send him and having
already had bad word said about him their people actually
written from from france to the colonists annexing watch out for this
guy he's an abolitionist he wants to abolish slavery
good money center banks mixed-race population
had so far retained its fragile alignment with the white system to ensure that continued
so tonight's created representational Council on the island invited mixed-race citizens
to serve he even brought mixed race team and into the
cool new government you and a lot of light enters a really really
upset about that and and CNS as that is a really destructive force
the way planters had cause for worry less than two years after joining the
rebellion to send a bill to your head first into the
top the rebel army I am
to send a good year my name is perhaps known to you
in 1793 you vote in open letter to the island disenfranchised I have
undertaken vengeance I want Liberty inequality to rein in San to me
how work to bring damning to existence unite yourselves to us producers and fight
with us for the same cause with his letter he announces to think denounces for small
his commitment to the process to the project emancipation
and announces his presence as a leader maybe even the leader
he has green great respect from his followers and with this proclamation
he's essentially saying you want freedom and I'm the one is going
to bring you that freedom so and the person to follow in this regard
but to see it this time was addressing the wider world
to he was particularly focused on Spain's the Spanish wanted to a soda colony
away from friends for two reasons first colony was velly velly prosperous
in spite of the wall and second that prosperity was used by the French Revolution
to combat beim in Europe
Spain controlled cinemas neighboring colony so in juneau 1793 to sister could do.
Spanish garrisons just over the border provided guns and ammunition to the
sleeve army and tip the balance their way well
to says forces captured three cities within eight months
well I'm
cent wings white planters word desperate many heated the new order and friends
in a treasonous moved the invited the British to help put down the sleepy billions
now the Empire's a friend's Spain end England along with the vast army of former
slaves were fighting for control the small
Island colony the then in early 1794
in the colony 0 a multi-racial delegation from Simulink
had appeared in France's national assembly 0
peed pledge freedom to send a link sleeves for fighting the army's a pertinent Spain
the emissaries made a compelling argument movies are the principles and the ideals a
France and we fully represent them and we want to
wish to continue represent them on our Island so we've come to present arguments
about why we are in fact truly committed to those ideas
and principles and how weeping a-minus these principles on
the French Revolution more I think it was very powerful for the representatives
to France to hear essentially that what happened in the carribean
is at the white slave owners had deserted France they had gone over to
the British they had fought against the Republic
and the true people the true republicans in Santa Marg
where these enslave people who just want their freedom of
the French National Assembly endorse the emancipation a send a link in sleeves but that was not
all the delegates freed slaves throughout the
entire empire to Anders
rejoicing in celebration there's an older woman
a free woman of color has traditionally gone to the debates
who for sheds tears in his brought down and celebrated its are to this moment
and their speeches in Paris celebrations event throughout france
it's really seen as a kind a triumph for the French Revolution for the ideals of
the French Revolution that this worst form of I've hierarchy enslavement
and oppression has been abolished I'm in the Caribbean
it was are truly unprecedented in a stroke newly a million black sleeves
had become friends citizens 0 cool
me his who simply some word that the French Revolutionary
Government had freed slaves
reach send a link quickly it was one of history's Creek watersheds
into largely to the extraordinary military accomplishments
of two scenes army home but the credit did not rest with to sail alone
he'd civil able commanders working under him men like just like the saline who shared his
soldier's life experiences more closely than to civil
this Selena been mistreated in slavery considerably wept a lot he had tremendous web scars on
his back %uh that he like to display on occasion he
had deep reserves have anger and violence but
also very very intelligent man your for the Saleen into said
you emancipation changed everything they quickly trim their sails to the new order
just to say we realize that Spain had a keen
England had a king and friends was talking about liberty equality
fraternity all remain equality
so he realized that although believe or started by fighting the French
different right now could be the best have a big dick could receive you
so you rejoin the French home
after three years in opposition to simply go to was once again loyal friend
citizen so were his followers
it tipped the balance before long to senator de Celine in our music sleeves push the Spanish
centre cinema and the bridges soon followed
word have to say is astonishing string of victories
against white armies was spreading across the European world
did he make it didn't like it at all that there was a black
general B team white armies didn't like it
slaveholders everywhere were stunned in worried in the united states for instance
in cuban didn't want even white frenchmen
to calm because do would tailed a stony youu morning we're from San domain the word
onset in no matter what Beyonce it would be known
that there was black we vote we confronted dangers in order to gain our liberty in New
Moon be able to confront dead in order to keep the sleeves had once
accepted the chain because they had not experienced the state
a pure in slavery but lose these are over the people
of sending grew rather be buried in the room emailed a country
didn't so for the return of slavery of to says ringing language should his profound
attachment to democratic ideals but there was another side to send to
on anybody who look like they threatened to sack either and
their job dad or the foreign
to see had already been appointed brigadier general
and then governor scintillating no black men head ever written so far in the colonies 0
still to nextel Supermax was extremely popular because he was too want
to say okay series are bullish he was very
popular and a black used to call him but national to max
don't didn't go well with 26 to say he's very for you so the next as long as a
Mac can serve his purposes now and nothing personal about it was a drag
because use this you will send him back
over there let's a simple as that 0 in a series of political maneuvers he isolated
the civil Commissioner in August he forced into an ex of the island
to send a bill
to a child again I'm in 1798
from his silent in other fringe general battle British
interest halfway around the world in Egypt his name was not fully healed
bonaparte of will to sign a bill in many ways are for similar
both were a little bit from the margins in French society they
succeeded through military brilliance near both incredible
military leaders and they became political leaders as a result of their
military experience on
but Napoli was victories would put two cents at Bristol
just months after conquering Egypt Napoli all marched into Paris
a coup d'état toppled the revolutionary government in a polio 22 Greens have power the revolution
is over he declared hi in the revolution
as an appalling is rising to power in France to sounds watching closely
about what's going on he knows several things he knows first about that they're
very powerful pro-slavery voices in France who are advert
were agitating against him attacking him and proposing that slavery actually
be recreated in some form and send a mixed is
to say believes in doing survival in the survival of freedom itself
depended on his ability to mobilize people to rebuild the devastated economy
see me into sense mind that meant learned saying his black followers
should return to the cane fields there were some compelling reasons for this I
mean mainly into says situation he was really in a bind at that point %ah
in the sense that his hope for peace was restoring product productivity on the
plantations recreating the sugar trade in particularly
but nobody wanted to go back to that kind of work
so he pretty well had 24 stuff and then the people began to think mean this
is a lot like slavery me she West Wong
maybe a little too strong with a black since ive all occasions
but he had to do it you have to do it to be a leader you got to know who where
to lay back and you have to know when to say okay guys
go ahead as do it if you don't do it her whatever the consequences you before
most newly freed slaves didn't see it that way
they wanted to work for themselves growing crops for food
rather than export to says luster began to tarnish
of Napoli on the other hand was writing honey
he restructured the government and proclaimed a new constitution for France
far from enshrining documents a patient it open the door for friends to reinstitute
slavery in its colonies build
when the best you heard that he really understood that something was changing
and more ominously understood that he didn't have any way to influence the
point well and so what he did in kind of typical to sell
fashion israel responded by saying okay
send a magazine have its own loss well here they are I'm in charge here I might
as well read the Constitution of to say is constitution decreed sleeve we would
never existence in demand again it was the first in history to prohibit discrimination
based on skin color a milestone that US law would not guarantee for another 150 years
the Constitution had troubling elements to get me to send
governor for life with sole authority to designate his successor and
two sets great hero to me but this is not a good idea I mean he basically with
that gesture installed permanent military dictatorship
which is remained a problem in 84 for two centuries
taken it down when he needed to do with that I think
not quite sure why did but that was enough to
to send the phone and over-the-air urged Napoleon Bonaparte it had enough a revolution
in according to Napoli lemme the US President thomas jefferson
shared his view the course packed other black people bleak is equity still being
to the Spanish the English Andy Americans Jefferson has published
that at the instant the French he has a high def all measures will be taken to
stop to sup the fetus up these give the negroes
and we will have nothing to more to wish for of
to send tried urgently tuition up a li'l that military logic if nothing else proved
the merit black ambitions to sign it was writing napoleon
he wanted so much to be to recognize as saving
this land for France the his efforts failed
in 1802 to see was stunned to see the largest French Expeditionary Force
ever assembled entering cent wings Harbor its mission was simple Napoli all wanted
to turn back the clock my decision to destroy the authority of the blacks in
central bank is not so much based on consideration of comments and money
as on the need to block forever the march of the blacks
in the world to still go to forty invading French Army for
to be grueling months but the island's black population
no disenchanted with his leadership or said lackluster support
on May 6 1802 to Silvio to you yeah he surrendered at first he was allowed
to retire from the Army with full honors but a month later
he was called to a meeting with the french commander
she if I wanted to count all the services that I have rendered to the
French government I will need several volumes and steel I would finish it off
19th to say was arrested on charges of conspiracy of yes the routes and stuff that's very eloquent
say ice rather suspect it's because of my collar
that you're treating me like a common criminal although I prefer not to
believe us and to compensate me for all the service sees
they're rested me I but really in central Maine
they choke me in drag me like a criminal we dont any dick a room for concern for my
ring his doctor recommends do my work the formally
amid nice French officer would have been brought before a military tribunal so
he comports himself as if he's gonna have a military trial
to says sons had been educated in France they had even met nobody'll hoping again that
Napoli all would understand his thinking
to say peacefully boarded a ship for France cinemania remained
mostly calm into says week just like the saline in the other black officers continued Corp
reading with friends general Victoria Kirk
but then news arrived from the new by Colin you quick loop
Napoli neal had reinstated sleep three the clear reported that he had a Salinas pocketing
controlled him and had mastered his spirit will hi
was extremely right about that send a link developed id and anger in fear
de Celine quickly broke from friends one more time
the former sleeves assuming to the field begins to european armies this ellen is a
no holds bar no compromising leader in Figure
cool is going to eradicate anything that stands in the way well with
the people have been mobilizing towards
that's generally reported that they saw me killed all the white people
masterful white idk race more no not really there's one report by survivor he managed
to get out to escape by masquerading as an american kiss
dazzling the stacking america's for English just France
one fleeing light Pierce has dogged paused on a mountaintop to observe the devastation
no less than 10 square leagues have conceived running that volcanoes the so happy to have
the conflagration was such has to make the beholder believed that large
and stick things have gunpowder had previously been laid down
that war becomes the Sri extreme scorched-earth kind of campaign in which
gasoline and others burn the town's in order to
basically leave the French with little with no choice but to depart
the Saleen scorched-earth tactics worked in 1803 the French army
was finally driven out fifty thousand french soldiers had died
in Sinnoh main Katie became the world's first black the public
this is a powerful story it wasn't just an anti-colonial revolution
but it wasn't also anti-slavery revolution in that it said your economy and your privilege
which is based on forced labor cannot stand the last stand
it's a message that translates to in time independence
is dis quand est feeding of human I think we all in some ways
have inherited something from this revolution because it's really the first
place the people insisted absolutely that human rights were for all
people it's something that everybody should know
about it to know exactly what I what
our species not black people but our species can we are nice but to send a
bill to never live to see victory by the time he to
attain the goal he fought so hard to achieve p.m. prison revolutionary
had died in a freezing cell in the mountains a friends
and overthrowing me movie wilt as he left for France
you have only cut down the trunk at the Liberty Tree if the blacks
and send a link it will spring back from the roots
for the are numerous and deep. Haiti's victory inspired those
who struggled against slavery and racism for generations.
But its tree of liberty took root in a hostile world.
France demanded crippling indemnity payments.
The U.S. refused recognition for sixty years. And a line
of authoritarian rulers trampled rights and worsened race and class divides.
Violence, poverty and environmental degradation continue to this day.
The Haitian Revolution - born of high ideals
and devastating sacrifice -- remains an unfinished project.
Egalité for All: Toussaint Loverture and
the Haitian Revolution is available on DVD the companion book is also available to order
visit ShopPBS.org or call us at 1-800 PLAY-PBS
This program was made possible by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting
and by contributions to your PBS stations
from viewers like you. Thank you