1 00:00:04,069 --> 00:00:06,160 I am Toussaint Loverture. 2 00:00:06,160 --> 00:00:11,660 My name is perhaps known to you. He was called 3 00:00:11,660 --> 00:00:18,660 the black George Washington the photo of 3 empires in in reached 4 00:00:19,410 --> 00:00:25,640 Napoli Italy the post SPECT other black Republic is equally disturbing to the Spanish the English 5 00:00:25,640 --> 00:00:32,640 and the Americans he championed Liberty any Gary D for all 6 00:00:33,780 --> 00:00:39,039 to say Louisville to of and the Haitian Revolution I'm 7 00:00:39,039 --> 00:00:46,039 this program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting 8 00:00:46,120 --> 00:00:51,520 and by contributions to your PBS stations from viewers like you 9 00:00:51,520 --> 00:00:56,680 thank you you 10 00:00:56,680 --> 00:01:00,989 he is always described as the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere 11 00:01:00,989 --> 00:01:05,670 I'm but during its hiding I sent an angry it was 12 00:01:05,670 --> 00:01:09,880 the richest place in the Americas the thing about it does that those 13 00:01:09,880 --> 00:01:13,780 responsible home rooted you slaves its wealth was based 14 00:01:13,780 --> 00:01:17,470 on human capital I owning that human capital and 15 00:01:17,470 --> 00:01:24,470 always be personal mister sewn he shines the main out bending over and 16 00:01:24,780 --> 00:01:29,490 named Sweden my GP and if we told you the game 17 00:01:29,490 --> 00:01:36,490 yet through was as you know each disappear therefore you become a 90 min any 18 00:01:37,310 --> 00:01:39,770 respect do leave like an animal 19 00:01:39,770 --> 00:01:46,770 the diminutive the master had to be absolute but that absolute missus self made 20 00:01:49,119 --> 00:01:56,119 the master into something other than human as well 1 21 00:01:58,909 --> 00:02:04,119 that was new for the world the to sent over to you 22 00:02:04,119 --> 00:02:08,090 is the epitome of humanity you realize your early on that 23 00:02:08,090 --> 00:02:14,790 the condition he was in with totally insufferable com to say who it to you recruited 24 00:02:14,790 --> 00:02:17,829 about three to four thousand people train them 25 00:02:17,829 --> 00:02:24,769 game before the French reach into Spanish comic for twenty years 26 00:02:24,769 --> 00:02:31,769 they burned the mechanisms of their production they've burning the plantation feels burning 27 00:02:32,199 --> 00:02:38,169 down houses there was a wholesale massacre under really 28 00:02:38,169 --> 00:02:44,350 really enormous scale it's a big match paybacks stool 29 00:02:44,350 --> 00:02:48,139 the Haitian Revolution is probably the most profound 30 00:02:48,139 --> 00:02:55,139 evolution ever realized by you mean be the only please wear sleeves 31 00:02:56,280 --> 00:03:03,280 created in the shin but nobody wants to talk about 32 00:03:24,500 --> 00:03:30,750 in the summer of 1789 when he was still the doom it come on you've seen looming 33 00:03:30,750 --> 00:03:37,750 it was friends to grab the world's attention persian mobs rioted against the French King 34 00:03:38,470 --> 00:03:43,440 in against him desperate poverty chanting slogans for liberty 35 00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:49,609 equality and brotherhood they sparked a revolution that would feel history books for centuries 36 00:03:49,609 --> 00:03:53,720 to come the truth about the French Revolution was 37 00:03:53,720 --> 00:03:56,229 that it meant a lot of different things to a lot of different people 38 00:03:56,229 --> 00:04:03,229 0 one in the streets of Paris the French Revolution 39 00:04:04,509 --> 00:04:09,229 Minton and to the appalling privileges as well 40 00:04:09,229 --> 00:04:14,229 the new and France's brand new congress call the National Assembly it meant the ideas 41 00:04:14,229 --> 00:04:21,190 if Europe's most radical thinkers could be realized the nobody knows exactly 42 00:04:21,190 --> 00:04:25,060 what's gonna come out it but just the idea of up having rights right 43 00:04:25,060 --> 00:04:28,060 the idea that all people have rights that those rights are 44 00:04:28,060 --> 00:04:31,620 inherent this is something that obviously philosopher said written about before 45 00:04:31,620 --> 00:04:34,560 but during the course the French Revolution was written down in a text on 46 00:04:34,560 --> 00:04:41,040 the Declaration of the Rights of Man it's a dangerous idea because the society 47 00:04:41,040 --> 00:04:46,150 is based on equality that's what makes it work because it was not 48 00:04:46,150 --> 00:04:50,720 supposed to work for everybody it was supposed to work for the minority 49 00:04:50,720 --> 00:04:57,720 0 and its slave holding colonies off the coast 50 00:05:00,970 --> 00:05:04,410 of Florida Martinique grade nope 51 00:05:04,410 --> 00:05:11,410 in Island noon as the pearl fent least them today the western half is he team 52 00:05:13,460 --> 00:05:20,460 then it was the French colony a single man could be 53 00:05:21,460 --> 00:05:24,910 one thing that's fascinating about that time people think the things we're very 54 00:05:24,910 --> 00:05:29,630 far away the word on Neots traveled very very fast 55 00:05:29,630 --> 00:05:36,630 we have to remember that the ocean was like a highway in the 18th century mean 56 00:05:36,810 --> 00:05:39,860 ships were constantly bringing news back and forth everyone was obsessed with 57 00:05:39,860 --> 00:05:44,810 news sailors would come off the ship's name first 58 00:05:44,810 --> 00:05:47,160 people they were talk to the people they would work with as they were unloading 59 00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:49,940 ships were enslaved people sell their reports were 60 00:05:49,940 --> 00:05:52,680 describing the events that have been going on in Paris to 61 00:05:52,680 --> 00:05:54,740 to the enslaved that are working alongside happens 62 00:05:54,740 --> 00:06:01,740 %uh few intended clone your sleeves shitty democratic ideas too hard with 63 00:06:10,389 --> 00:06:14,650 far too much was at stake sugar grease the wheels 64 00:06:14,650 --> 00:06:21,650 eighteenth century economy and send a link was the shooter capital the world things 65 00:06:24,639 --> 00:06:31,639 Liam this 66 00:06:33,020 --> 00:06:40,020 old it was easy even for France's political radicals 67 00:06:41,030 --> 00:06:48,030 to ignore the agony that made it all possible this 68 00:06:50,170 --> 00:06:57,170 believes on do sugar cane I just like 69 00:06:57,620 --> 00:07:04,050 me miss kunin saw give the got you you may not even seed been when you 70 00:07:04,050 --> 00:07:11,050 perspire the switch get see deep burns into one's the app ants or 71 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:19,280 the fight in windy thank you you we scratch 074 after the team's 72 00:07:19,280 --> 00:07:25,330 you do will grow refused to work with these the 73 00:07:25,330 --> 00:07:32,330 it all which you just shoot him at songs the whole concept of slavery itself is is 74 00:07:33,230 --> 00:07:39,100 it totally savage one the French the brought it down to a science 75 00:07:39,100 --> 00:07:42,940 slave coming from Africa would not last three years 76 00:07:42,940 --> 00:07:49,470 the way the system he was organized they had it down to that kinda 77 00:07:49,470 --> 00:07:54,530 statistics did did very systematic and it was very successful 78 00:07:54,530 --> 00:08:01,530 themes slavery into new meaning succeeded to on a 79 00:08:04,250 --> 00:08:07,600 foundation a bullet list errors of 80 00:08:07,600 --> 00:08:14,600 my sleeve owner steny last see flash explained it as rational management 81 00:08:18,150 --> 00:08:20,960 sloping ish mints naked fed impressions and quick 82 00:08:20,960 --> 00:08:27,560 for violent ones vessel and causes and 50 lashes and ministered in five 83 00:08:27,560 --> 00:08:32,560 minutes 25 lashes if the with administered in a close 84 00:08:32,560 --> 00:08:37,460 to 11 hours this is far more likely to make an impression 85 00:08:37,460 --> 00:08:44,250 so much girl week the accounts about the tortures inflicted 86 00:08:44,250 --> 00:08:47,150 in states are are often horrifying 87 00:08:47,150 --> 00:08:50,339 legs cut off for arms cut-off amputations for runaways 88 00:08:50,339 --> 00:08:57,339 running high power are pepper and so forth into the ones 89 00:08:58,120 --> 00:09:05,120 slaves actually hung and left to die but you can kind of imagine that that's kinda 90 00:09:09,450 --> 00:09:13,510 world in which essential human life was given so little value 91 00:09:13,510 --> 00:09:18,870 at the structures were kind of refined to this incredible cool effect %uh 92 00:09:18,870 --> 00:09:25,750 %uh despite the brutal tools have controlled some blacks managed to escape slavery 0 93 00:09:25,750 --> 00:09:32,750 %uh others had gained freedom to their own wits 94 00:09:33,839 --> 00:09:40,839 or talents 0 one such man 0 home I was born a slave 95 00:09:43,300 --> 00:09:48,360 but need you give me to sue of the freemen home 96 00:09:48,360 --> 00:09:54,520 I too similar to you was a very determined man 97 00:09:54,520 --> 00:10:01,520 he was a premium issues man and in my opinion he was a genius con 98 00:10:04,490 --> 00:10:08,029 to sound as I think when the most incredible figures 99 00:10:08,029 --> 00:10:14,649 and I know that in in many ways he's born on a plantation in sending 100 00:10:14,649 --> 00:10:20,370 he grows up on a plantation that plantation was owned by a man who was 101 00:10:20,370 --> 00:10:25,370 tolerant for the times to say I was taught to read invite as a child 102 00:10:25,370 --> 00:10:31,980 it he eventually occupies that a somewhat privileged 103 00:10:31,980 --> 00:10:34,850 role as you can see that on plantations as encouragement 104 00:10:34,850 --> 00:10:38,130 and has a kinda relationship with the managers and ministers 105 00:10:38,130 --> 00:10:43,520 some ways he becomes free in the 1770s so he somebody who can occupy different roles 106 00:10:43,520 --> 00:10:45,350 in society and I think that's the key 107 00:10:45,350 --> 00:10:51,120 for understanding to Sat is that he saw possibilities where other people that 108 00:10:51,120 --> 00:10:55,800 the %uh he had businesses 109 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:59,399 had contacts in the US and elsewhere bank accounts 110 00:10:59,399 --> 00:11:05,500 manages affairs pretty well the man was enlisting organizational capacity I mean you would have 111 00:11:05,500 --> 00:11:12,500 been a fantastic CEO today use you 112 00:11:12,880 --> 00:11:18,180 and to say didn't record his first reactions the revolution 113 00:11:18,180 --> 00:11:22,360 and friends but his fellow free send lincoln's the white 114 00:11:22,360 --> 00:11:26,730 colonials in the mixed-race population which transfixed 115 00:11:26,730 --> 00:11:33,730 it and 1789 there were about forty thousand white 116 00:11:34,460 --> 00:11:38,060 people and about 30,000 collar people they were course 117 00:11:38,060 --> 00:11:40,910 there signs and cousins and so on and so forth your 118 00:11:40,910 --> 00:11:45,360 land owners themselves many of them slave owners themselves many 119 00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:49,740 of them very effective businessman many of them 120 00:11:49,740 --> 00:11:53,410 involved romantically with the fight master class 121 00:11:53,410 --> 00:11:58,730 that when everything's it's important to remember that Haiti 122 00:11:58,730 --> 00:12:05,310 and races it was it simply black and white instead you had numerous cretaceous have color 123 00:12:05,310 --> 00:12:12,310 the new one historian went so far as to give a hundred in 10 categories of color 124 00:12:15,209 --> 00:12:22,209 from absolute black to absolute white and two each combination he gave a name mulatto 125 00:12:23,180 --> 00:12:30,180 squadron mama Luke and what he was accounted for was the drops 126 00:12:30,200 --> 00:12:37,200 love black blood by whites hoped for more control over the colonies 127 00:12:39,190 --> 00:12:43,500 governance but the colonies mixed-race population 128 00:12:43,500 --> 00:12:49,260 hoped for more fundamental changes they had been born free 129 00:12:49,260 --> 00:12:56,029 but not equal mmm they had two shoe fees equal respect 130 00:12:56,029 --> 00:13:02,890 for more the white stained 0 when doin presence of a white called him beast 131 00:13:02,890 --> 00:13:09,270 to Ole whatever title do want to do ODF it was not easy for them 132 00:13:09,270 --> 00:13:13,610 in that exactly why do i do first one before the blacks 133 00:13:13,610 --> 00:13:17,550 you're the first one to ask fall equality 134 00:13:17,550 --> 00:13:24,550 the the mixed-race population first into making 135 00:13:24,600 --> 00:13:30,430 decided their tunes had come in 1791 they sent a petition to France's new 136 00:13:30,430 --> 00:13:35,520 government asking for the rights of citizenship 137 00:13:35,520 --> 00:13:39,230 this is a powerful message to have been taking place in the society 138 00:13:39,230 --> 00:13:46,230 that was explicitly organized on any quality 139 00:13:46,490 --> 00:13:53,490 just like dynamite you the petition asked for civil protections 140 00:13:54,149 --> 00:14:00,459 in In re the island's white population working-class colonists begin a full-scale 141 00:14:00,459 --> 00:14:06,649 intimidation campaign the threatened the in murdered mixed-race 142 00:14:06,649 --> 00:14:13,649 president. in the capital things 143 00:14:14,660 --> 00:14:19,839 but the petition met a different reception back in Paris 144 00:14:19,839 --> 00:14:22,560 the new creative delegate to the National Assembly 145 00:14:22,560 --> 00:14:28,589 issued a landmark to create distended equal rights to the small population mixed-race 146 00:14:28,589 --> 00:14:34,959 people born have to feed parents more 147 00:14:34,959 --> 00:14:41,959 cool despite the reforms limited extent the governor 148 00:14:41,990 --> 00:14:45,800 sununu Ming refuse to obey colonial white 149 00:14:45,800 --> 00:14:51,370 felt profoundly be trade some such as a plan to his wife's name Adam do free 150 00:14:51,370 --> 00:14:55,320 begin discussing radical thoughts have their own home 151 00:14:55,320 --> 00:14:59,690 nessuno assembly is committed to destroying our lives as Master house 152 00:14:59,690 --> 00:15:05,420 so much so that's a session from POS might be necessary the slave owners 153 00:15:05,420 --> 00:15:12,420 of America I hope will band together to stop discontent y'all of Liberty modem 154 00:15:18,089 --> 00:15:25,089 sales the good lord who created the Sun which gives 155 00:15:27,220 --> 00:15:32,310 us like from above who rouses desi and makes the Thunder roar 156 00:15:32,310 --> 00:15:39,310 watches us Glen Doherty was a sleeve and who do priest I'll 157 00:15:39,470 --> 00:15:46,470 throw away the image up to god of the whites who thirsts what tears they listen to the 158 00:15:46,950 --> 00:15:53,950 voice of Liberty which speaks in the heart servo love us I'll 159 00:15:55,000 --> 00:16:02,000 in August 1791 yes and remains white in mixed-race population squared off for showdown 160 00:16:02,390 --> 00:16:09,390 Bookman call together slaves from neighbouring plantations 161 00:16:09,450 --> 00:16:14,700 they'd been kidnapped from different parts in Africa and Voodoo religion 162 00:16:14,700 --> 00:16:21,630 was there a common culture things referred to say police pleaded as a set since 163 00:16:21,630 --> 00:16:26,529 you know the usual see remote DVD lacy super skilled as you'll 164 00:16:26,529 --> 00:16:31,660 see a lot of us under the evil see not work force do said 165 00:16:31,660 --> 00:16:33,860 would really be that they only would we gt2 food to sigs 166 00:16:33,860 --> 00:16:40,860 iluvu do see not with traditional of Brooklyn had call them 167 00:16:43,100 --> 00:16:50,100 to an area called walk a mile first on the agenda was strategy the 168 00:16:54,700 --> 00:17:01,700 that's a win-win me above what came is due first haitian conquests the beginning 169 00:17:01,870 --> 00:17:04,750 of new evolution you 170 00:17:04,750 --> 00:17:11,750 month see das said venial want left K DC death unit Police Club 171 00:17:16,259 --> 00:17:20,089 that will leave visual admitted because he said Shinda let know that it 172 00:17:20,089 --> 00:17:25,679 did you file a party sits in the morning pool left for campus would be stepped on 173 00:17:25,679 --> 00:17:29,460 the think 174 00:17:29,460 --> 00:17:36,460 do I patience tradition says this leaves us in 175 00:17:38,989 --> 00:17:43,669 doing planned that 92 evolved they time their uprising to 176 00:17:43,669 --> 00:17:48,980 start in multiple plantations in two weeks time in this 177 00:17:48,980 --> 00:17:55,980 for each other to soccer stuff I they even said that the keel p 178 00:17:57,840 --> 00:18:02,009 your and a drunk dubroff Inc 179 00:18:02,009 --> 00:18:09,009 young this is what we call communion 180 00:18:12,570 --> 00:18:19,570 coming on up to keep want to have for what you have seen them said 181 00:18:22,980 --> 00:18:25,600 the got up the white men cause him to commit crimes 182 00:18:25,600 --> 00:18:30,649 I've got orders revenge you would direct our hands 183 00:18:30,649 --> 00:18:37,649 he will 8 us on the night of August 22nd 1791 184 00:18:47,629 --> 00:18:54,629 their masters Liz this could have a plasmid 185 00:18:56,289 --> 00:19:00,200 plays his club scale is kept she adds places clam 186 00:19:00,200 --> 00:19:07,200 311 EB us good for them to be freed they have to have 187 00:19:08,830 --> 00:19:14,850 the same amount of islands that you exist upon them 188 00:19:14,850 --> 00:19:20,989 that's way too loose from fairly brutal still 189 00:19:20,989 --> 00:19:27,989 DC's that a trip defers the that came out things 190 00:19:39,980 --> 00:19:46,980 the rebel numbers grew from 1000 to 20,000 in order to destroy the system diligence leave 191 00:19:51,809 --> 00:19:58,809 them within three days the most profitable plantations 192 00:19:59,100 --> 00:20:05,460 in the Americas had been laid waste 100 84 sugar plantations 193 00:20:05,460 --> 00:20:12,460 in a thousand coffee farms on whites and mixed-race people fled to the capital 194 00:20:13,470 --> 00:20:18,559 city for mutual protection your from there 195 00:20:18,559 --> 00:20:25,279 they watch firestorms on all the rise since of 196 00:20:25,279 --> 00:20:31,109 def got I fiery cataclysm oven or miss Kayla mean that people on ships in armor 197 00:20:31,109 --> 00:20:35,830 suppose we could read their male by the light on these fires at work yeah 10 198 00:20:35,830 --> 00:20:39,679 15 20 miles away to give you something idea of what this would 199 00:20:39,679 --> 00:20:45,869 have been like if you're there the rupture no violence 200 00:20:45,869 --> 00:20:52,789 put to Snellville to your in a difficult position his own fortunes were tied to the plantation 201 00:20:52,789 --> 00:20:57,229 system and he'd straddled the white in black world's 202 00:20:57,229 --> 00:21:03,159 for some 15 years moons to see was no longer 203 00:21:03,159 --> 00:21:06,389 personally if he didn't have demanded and medium sleeve 204 00:21:06,389 --> 00:21:13,389 he was the owner of two or three presentations he was not have the same class anymore 205 00:21:15,169 --> 00:21:22,169 ease interest were different from the interests of two masses 206 00:21:25,739 --> 00:21:29,809 but to since first reaction to the raging violence was based neither one 207 00:21:29,809 --> 00:21:34,629 money your race it was personal he went back to 208 00:21:34,629 --> 00:21:38,580 the plantation where he had been born to protect his former 209 00:21:38,580 --> 00:21:43,100 owners it's true that to send a vessel did return 210 00:21:43,100 --> 00:21:46,109 to the plantation and they really deserve instruction and kind 211 00:21:46,109 --> 00:21:50,179 of maintain order there and there's always there's a question a question 212 00:21:50,179 --> 00:21:54,759 why why would he do that I think to Sam was somebody who I'm 213 00:21:54,759 --> 00:22:00,080 understood the value of I love I am humanity in many ways rainy I think you probably had 214 00:22:00,080 --> 00:22:02,739 game that precisely from being on the 215 00:22:02,739 --> 00:22:09,559 then receiving end of slavery back in the capital city 216 00:22:09,559 --> 00:22:13,139 as to say helped his former master see the violence 217 00:22:13,139 --> 00:22:20,139 ceilings whites repealed assault have to assault they see me grouped in loans 218 00:22:20,629 --> 00:22:27,629 there own offensive the bloodletting continued tf2 d 219 00:22:31,210 --> 00:22:38,210 week after seoul numbing week fringe Colonist parkfield blackwell the county is field 220 00:22:40,259 --> 00:22:44,950 with dead bodies which lie unburied the nichols have left the lights 221 00:22:44,950 --> 00:22:48,539 with stakes didn't even call them into the compound 222 00:22:48,539 --> 00:22:55,539 and the White Oaks who take no prisoners evening hosted up on the field well 223 00:22:56,899 --> 00:23:02,019 three months after the revolution started the voodoo priest Bookman dirty 224 00:23:02,019 --> 00:23:06,970 was killed in battle home white soldiers decapitated him 225 00:23:06,970 --> 00:23:10,889 in burned his body and view of the rebel camp home 226 00:23:10,889 --> 00:23:14,729 in the words of one observer the conflict in San domain 227 00:23:14,729 --> 00:23:21,729 had become in exterminating you'll 228 00:23:27,090 --> 00:23:33,729 the home in the autumn of 1791 to C'ville to 229 00:23:33,729 --> 00:23:39,999 could no longer sit on the sidelines despite a wife and children 230 00:23:39,999 --> 00:23:43,600 despite the chance even if losing his own freedom 231 00:23:43,600 --> 00:23:50,600 to see didn't hesitate Mon he left everything he dropped everything any went 232 00:23:52,210 --> 00:23:56,629 to the mound I'm it was an act 233 00:23:56,629 --> 00:24:03,629 extraordinary risk the island's 500,000 sleeves outnumbered whites by 12 to one's 234 00:24:04,369 --> 00:24:11,369 but the ultimate prospects for poor few had experienced in military strategy in the 235 00:24:12,809 --> 00:24:17,629 head new unifying history or long-term vision 236 00:24:17,629 --> 00:24:20,279 the fact is lot of people didn't really know what freedom 237 00:24:20,279 --> 00:24:23,909 was supposed to look like nobody had really even theorized her match in this 238 00:24:23,909 --> 00:24:25,679 before s 239 00:24:25,679 --> 00:24:31,799 to see on the other hand had a unique window on the world 240 00:24:31,799 --> 00:24:35,499 he was schooled in African in European cultural I 241 00:24:35,499 --> 00:24:42,210 did read some of France's most radical thinkers of to South had certainly rad 242 00:24:42,210 --> 00:24:48,999 attacks by I love the rain I'll which predicted that outta the colonial slave system with 243 00:24:48,999 --> 00:24:52,139 its Yelp frightening imbalance with numbers and 244 00:24:52,139 --> 00:24:55,389 horrible suffering an hour that there would amor de leader 245 00:24:55,389 --> 00:24:59,879 revolutionary leader I believe right now refer to him as a black Spartacus 246 00:24:59,879 --> 00:25:05,159 %uh descends literate person there's no way you wouldn't miss this 247 00:25:05,159 --> 00:25:11,409 my as rebel leaders struggled to forge a discipline fighting forced 248 00:25:11,409 --> 00:25:18,409 to says talents and intellect set him apart low yeah then 249 00:25:19,289 --> 00:25:26,090 in December 1791 some four months after the rebellion began black in 20 some 250 00:25:26,090 --> 00:25:32,979 begin to crumble of the new French government in Paris sit more 251 00:25:32,979 --> 00:25:39,570 than 10,000 military reinforcements to help the colonists reestablish White Wolf 252 00:25:39,570 --> 00:25:46,570 home supplies were scarce in the mountains in Winterport famine to the rebel my niece 253 00:25:50,229 --> 00:25:56,519 thousands begin to surrender years to sell over to your 254 00:25:56,519 --> 00:26:00,669 was not somebody who likes violence really he was good at if he had to do it 255 00:26:00,669 --> 00:26:06,039 but he preferred two years I'll negotiation diplomacy Kyle trickery anything 256 00:26:06,039 --> 00:26:13,039 by benefiting where he kill you never know but he try anything else first 257 00:26:14,279 --> 00:26:19,190 to send a bill to was AST to write up a settlement or for in exchange 258 00:26:19,190 --> 00:26:21,940 for the freedom of two hundred sleeve leaders 259 00:26:21,940 --> 00:26:28,249 and better working conditions on the plantations the proposal offered to send most to the rebels 260 00:26:28,249 --> 00:26:35,249 back to the plantation it was a stark recognition as eighteenth-century realities 261 00:26:36,080 --> 00:26:38,729 sometimes it's easy to look back at this and suggest that they were willing to 262 00:26:38,729 --> 00:26:42,299 sell out their followers while the terms I think its true are are troubling 263 00:26:42,299 --> 00:26:45,200 in some ways they were also trying to see some change I 264 00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:48,539 think the key here is that it was really difficult to imagine that your actually 265 00:26:48,539 --> 00:26:55,539 eliminate slavery new friends commissioners had just arrived 266 00:26:59,570 --> 00:27:04,769 from Paris to restore order more liberal than the planters 267 00:27:04,769 --> 00:27:08,519 the emerge soon remains whites to accept the rebels for for 268 00:27:08,519 --> 00:27:12,499 in a call sleeve leaders to the capital a new comp 269 00:27:12,499 --> 00:27:18,919 for negotiations trust was minimal some sleep rebels wanted to kill 270 00:27:18,919 --> 00:27:23,919 their white prisoners but to Silvio to argued against it 271 00:27:23,919 --> 00:27:27,960 he wanted the whites we turn to look at as a gesture of goodwill 272 00:27:27,960 --> 00:27:34,960 well so too sad is sent to negotiate with the planters 273 00:27:36,070 --> 00:27:38,369 with the idea that I sense a settlement can be reached 274 00:27:38,369 --> 00:27:43,729 I'm this settlement is not only for the freedom sum up the insurgent leaders but also for 275 00:27:43,729 --> 00:27:47,779 some reforms on the plantation small reforms for reforms that at least in 276 00:27:47,779 --> 00:27:52,289 the letters they describe their followers really want whether the small 277 00:27:52,289 --> 00:27:55,729 group leaders actually would have had the power to say to all these 278 00:27:55,729 --> 00:27:59,969 people at a techno care going back to work now issue chained 279 00:27:59,969 --> 00:28:04,450 I don't know as it happened or why people were so short-sighted that they 280 00:28:04,450 --> 00:28:11,450 didn't even given the opportunity to try I'm the White said no this in no 281 00:28:11,759 --> 00:28:17,399 because adept I'm there were 21 wanted revenge before getting what they have done for three 282 00:28:17,399 --> 00:28:20,960 centuries in the thing to do would have victims indeed being 283 00:28:20,960 --> 00:28:27,960 so they have to avenge themselves should be not going to forgive forget ATT 284 00:28:28,649 --> 00:28:34,409 day we fused of course he's taken up arms against F 285 00:28:34,409 --> 00:28:37,599 but at the same time he's made a lot of concessions and its struggle against his 286 00:28:37,599 --> 00:28:40,070 own followers to say look we're going to treat the prisoners 287 00:28:40,070 --> 00:28:41,499 well we're gonna trade with them 288 00:28:41,499 --> 00:28:45,349 willing to make a deal and to have that refused by 289 00:28:45,349 --> 00:28:51,070 the planter class I think certainly must have Hannah are radicalizing effect 290 00:28:51,070 --> 00:28:58,070 to sis support for settlement abruptly ended in with it the best to the whites would ever 291 00:28:58,210 --> 00:29:05,210 see by I'll 292 00:29:07,139 --> 00:29:14,139 for back in France the democratic revolution 293 00:29:14,859 --> 00:29:21,019 had turned to terror France's revolutionary army 294 00:29:21,019 --> 00:29:26,149 was at war with neighboring countries its radical leaders sought to purge 295 00:29:26,149 --> 00:29:31,109 themselves enemies from within executed 296 00:29:31,109 --> 00:29:36,659 houses Kimberly 1793 dated 297 00:29:36,659 --> 00:29:43,080 the unthinkable the revolutionary government beheaded taking 298 00:29:43,080 --> 00:29:50,080 events in France for going faster than than anyone ever intended I mean this is 299 00:29:52,690 --> 00:29:57,639 volcanic upheaval a true class revel is a turn everything completely 300 00:29:57,639 --> 00:30:03,200 upside down and each reptile they came out with strike this reserve 301 00:30:03,200 --> 00:30:10,200 center Mac one of the biggest ripples from France that 302 00:30:11,499 --> 00:30:14,629 washed in to send a main source was a commissioner 303 00:30:14,629 --> 00:30:20,749 named lazy PCT so till next blood 304 00:30:20,749 --> 00:30:24,349 he was a French revolutionary with radical ideas 305 00:30:24,349 --> 00:30:31,349 about life in the colony one southern axe arrives and send him and having 306 00:30:31,659 --> 00:30:34,830 already had bad word said about him their people actually 307 00:30:34,830 --> 00:30:39,039 written from from france to the colonists annexing watch out for this 308 00:30:39,039 --> 00:30:42,129 guy he's an abolitionist he wants to abolish slavery 309 00:30:42,129 --> 00:30:47,979 good money center banks mixed-race population 310 00:30:47,979 --> 00:30:54,509 had so far retained its fragile alignment with the white system to ensure that continued 311 00:30:54,509 --> 00:31:00,989 so tonight's created representational Council on the island invited mixed-race citizens 312 00:31:00,989 --> 00:31:04,710 to serve he even brought mixed race team and into the 313 00:31:04,710 --> 00:31:11,570 cool new government you and a lot of light enters a really really 314 00:31:11,570 --> 00:31:18,570 upset about that and and CNS as that is a really destructive force 315 00:31:19,609 --> 00:31:24,589 the way planters had cause for worry less than two years after joining the 316 00:31:24,589 --> 00:31:27,639 rebellion to send a bill to your head first into the 317 00:31:27,639 --> 00:31:32,690 top the rebel army I am 318 00:31:32,690 --> 00:31:38,700 to send a good year my name is perhaps known to you 319 00:31:38,700 --> 00:31:44,629 in 1793 you vote in open letter to the island disenfranchised I have 320 00:31:44,629 --> 00:31:51,629 undertaken vengeance I want Liberty inequality to rein in San to me 321 00:31:51,859 --> 00:31:58,820 how work to bring damning to existence unite yourselves to us producers and fight 322 00:31:58,820 --> 00:32:04,299 with us for the same cause with his letter he announces to think denounces for small 323 00:32:04,299 --> 00:32:07,479 his commitment to the process to the project emancipation 324 00:32:07,479 --> 00:32:11,690 and announces his presence as a leader maybe even the leader 325 00:32:11,690 --> 00:32:15,450 he has green great respect from his followers and with this proclamation 326 00:32:15,450 --> 00:32:18,799 he's essentially saying you want freedom and I'm the one is going 327 00:32:18,799 --> 00:32:25,099 to bring you that freedom so and the person to follow in this regard 328 00:32:25,099 --> 00:32:28,489 but to see it this time was addressing the wider world 329 00:32:28,489 --> 00:32:35,489 to he was particularly focused on Spain's the Spanish wanted to a soda colony 330 00:32:36,809 --> 00:32:43,809 away from friends for two reasons first colony was velly velly prosperous 331 00:32:45,289 --> 00:32:51,580 in spite of the wall and second that prosperity was used by the French Revolution 332 00:32:51,580 --> 00:32:57,339 to combat beim in Europe 333 00:32:57,339 --> 00:33:04,339 Spain controlled cinemas neighboring colony so in juneau 1793 to sister could do. 334 00:33:05,589 --> 00:33:10,619 Spanish garrisons just over the border provided guns and ammunition to the 335 00:33:10,619 --> 00:33:15,239 sleeve army and tip the balance their way well 336 00:33:15,239 --> 00:33:18,759 to says forces captured three cities within eight months 337 00:33:18,759 --> 00:33:21,499 well I'm 338 00:33:21,499 --> 00:33:28,499 cent wings white planters word desperate many heated the new order and friends 339 00:33:30,070 --> 00:33:37,070 in a treasonous moved the invited the British to help put down the sleepy billions 340 00:33:37,969 --> 00:33:44,339 now the Empire's a friend's Spain end England along with the vast army of former 341 00:33:44,339 --> 00:33:48,179 slaves were fighting for control the small 342 00:33:48,179 --> 00:33:55,179 Island colony the then in early 1794 343 00:34:01,019 --> 00:34:05,399 in the colony 0 a multi-racial delegation from Simulink 344 00:34:05,399 --> 00:34:12,399 had appeared in France's national assembly 0 345 00:34:13,970 --> 00:34:20,220 peed pledge freedom to send a link sleeves for fighting the army's a pertinent Spain 346 00:34:20,220 --> 00:34:26,090 the emissaries made a compelling argument movies are the principles and the ideals a 347 00:34:26,090 --> 00:34:30,200 France and we fully represent them and we want to 348 00:34:30,200 --> 00:34:34,530 wish to continue represent them on our Island so we've come to present arguments 349 00:34:34,530 --> 00:34:37,790 about why we are in fact truly committed to those ideas 350 00:34:37,790 --> 00:34:41,820 and principles and how weeping a-minus these principles on 351 00:34:41,820 --> 00:34:46,679 the French Revolution more I think it was very powerful for the representatives 352 00:34:46,679 --> 00:34:50,340 to France to hear essentially that what happened in the carribean 353 00:34:50,340 --> 00:34:54,110 is at the white slave owners had deserted France they had gone over to 354 00:34:54,110 --> 00:34:56,490 the British they had fought against the Republic 355 00:34:56,490 --> 00:34:59,910 and the true people the true republicans in Santa Marg 356 00:34:59,910 --> 00:35:04,740 where these enslave people who just want their freedom of 357 00:35:04,740 --> 00:35:11,720 the French National Assembly endorse the emancipation a send a link in sleeves but that was not 358 00:35:11,720 --> 00:35:14,590 all the delegates freed slaves throughout the 359 00:35:14,590 --> 00:35:18,760 entire empire to Anders 360 00:35:18,760 --> 00:35:23,380 rejoicing in celebration there's an older woman 361 00:35:23,380 --> 00:35:26,830 a free woman of color has traditionally gone to the debates 362 00:35:26,830 --> 00:35:31,990 who for sheds tears in his brought down and celebrated its are to this moment 363 00:35:31,990 --> 00:35:35,590 and their speeches in Paris celebrations event throughout france 364 00:35:35,590 --> 00:35:39,010 it's really seen as a kind a triumph for the French Revolution for the ideals of 365 00:35:39,010 --> 00:35:43,580 the French Revolution that this worst form of I've hierarchy enslavement 366 00:35:43,580 --> 00:35:50,580 and oppression has been abolished I'm in the Caribbean 367 00:35:53,990 --> 00:35:59,770 it was are truly unprecedented in a stroke newly a million black sleeves 368 00:35:59,770 --> 00:36:06,770 had become friends citizens 0 cool 369 00:36:10,700 --> 00:36:17,700 me his who simply some word that the French Revolutionary 370 00:36:23,040 --> 00:36:25,410 Government had freed slaves 371 00:36:25,410 --> 00:36:31,110 reach send a link quickly it was one of history's Creek watersheds 372 00:36:31,110 --> 00:36:35,310 into largely to the extraordinary military accomplishments 373 00:36:35,310 --> 00:36:40,270 of two scenes army home but the credit did not rest with to sail alone 374 00:36:40,270 --> 00:36:47,220 he'd civil able commanders working under him men like just like the saline who shared his 375 00:36:47,220 --> 00:36:54,220 soldier's life experiences more closely than to civil 376 00:36:54,500 --> 00:37:00,110 this Selena been mistreated in slavery considerably wept a lot he had tremendous web scars on 377 00:37:00,110 --> 00:37:04,910 his back %uh that he like to display on occasion he 378 00:37:04,910 --> 00:37:08,460 had deep reserves have anger and violence but 379 00:37:08,460 --> 00:37:14,340 also very very intelligent man your for the Saleen into said 380 00:37:14,340 --> 00:37:20,330 you emancipation changed everything they quickly trim their sails to the new order 381 00:37:20,330 --> 00:37:26,400 just to say we realize that Spain had a keen 382 00:37:26,400 --> 00:37:30,940 England had a king and friends was talking about liberty equality 383 00:37:30,940 --> 00:37:36,450 fraternity all remain equality 384 00:37:36,450 --> 00:37:43,450 so he realized that although believe or started by fighting the French 385 00:37:43,970 --> 00:37:50,770 different right now could be the best have a big dick could receive you 386 00:37:50,770 --> 00:37:57,170 so you rejoin the French home 387 00:37:57,170 --> 00:38:02,330 after three years in opposition to simply go to was once again loyal friend 388 00:38:02,330 --> 00:38:09,330 citizen so were his followers 389 00:38:12,020 --> 00:38:19,020 it tipped the balance before long to senator de Celine in our music sleeves push the Spanish 390 00:38:19,370 --> 00:38:26,370 centre cinema and the bridges soon followed 391 00:38:26,610 --> 00:38:29,390 word have to say is astonishing string of victories 392 00:38:29,390 --> 00:38:36,390 against white armies was spreading across the European world 393 00:38:36,510 --> 00:38:40,440 did he make it didn't like it at all that there was a black 394 00:38:40,440 --> 00:38:46,380 general B team white armies didn't like it 395 00:38:46,380 --> 00:38:53,380 slaveholders everywhere were stunned in worried in the united states for instance 396 00:38:53,860 --> 00:38:58,880 in cuban didn't want even white frenchmen 397 00:38:58,880 --> 00:39:05,880 to calm because do would tailed a stony youu morning we're from San domain the word 398 00:39:06,230 --> 00:39:10,650 onset in no matter what Beyonce it would be known 399 00:39:10,650 --> 00:39:17,020 that there was black we vote we confronted dangers in order to gain our liberty in New 400 00:39:17,020 --> 00:39:22,310 Moon be able to confront dead in order to keep the sleeves had once 401 00:39:22,310 --> 00:39:26,340 accepted the chain because they had not experienced the state 402 00:39:26,340 --> 00:39:30,560 a pure in slavery but lose these are over the people 403 00:39:30,560 --> 00:39:34,530 of sending grew rather be buried in the room emailed a country 404 00:39:34,530 --> 00:39:41,530 didn't so for the return of slavery of to says ringing language should his profound 405 00:39:42,530 --> 00:39:47,790 attachment to democratic ideals but there was another side to send to 406 00:39:47,790 --> 00:39:54,790 on anybody who look like they threatened to sack either and 407 00:39:54,790 --> 00:40:01,140 their job dad or the foreign 408 00:40:01,140 --> 00:40:05,000 to see had already been appointed brigadier general 409 00:40:05,000 --> 00:40:12,000 and then governor scintillating no black men head ever written so far in the colonies 0 410 00:40:12,100 --> 00:40:19,100 still to nextel Supermax was extremely popular because he was too want 411 00:40:28,910 --> 00:40:34,440 to say okay series are bullish he was very 412 00:40:34,440 --> 00:40:38,110 popular and a black used to call him but national to max 413 00:40:38,110 --> 00:40:45,110 don't didn't go well with 26 to say he's very for you so the next as long as a 414 00:40:45,250 --> 00:40:49,310 Mac can serve his purposes now and nothing personal about it was a drag 415 00:40:49,310 --> 00:40:50,980 because use this you will send him back 416 00:40:50,980 --> 00:40:57,980 over there let's a simple as that 0 in a series of political maneuvers he isolated 417 00:41:04,700 --> 00:41:10,850 the civil Commissioner in August he forced into an ex of the island 418 00:41:10,850 --> 00:41:17,850 to send a bill 419 00:41:23,080 --> 00:41:26,170 to a child again I'm in 1798 420 00:41:26,170 --> 00:41:29,950 from his silent in other fringe general battle British 421 00:41:29,950 --> 00:41:36,950 interest halfway around the world in Egypt his name was not fully healed 422 00:41:37,510 --> 00:41:44,490 bonaparte of will to sign a bill in many ways are for similar 423 00:41:44,490 --> 00:41:47,320 both were a little bit from the margins in French society they 424 00:41:47,320 --> 00:41:51,070 succeeded through military brilliance near both incredible 425 00:41:51,070 --> 00:41:54,100 military leaders and they became political leaders as a result of their 426 00:41:54,100 --> 00:41:55,300 military experience on 427 00:41:55,300 --> 00:42:01,850 but Napoli was victories would put two cents at Bristol 428 00:42:01,850 --> 00:42:06,630 just months after conquering Egypt Napoli all marched into Paris 429 00:42:06,630 --> 00:42:13,630 a coup d'état toppled the revolutionary government in a polio 22 Greens have power the revolution 430 00:42:14,540 --> 00:42:21,540 is over he declared hi in the revolution 431 00:42:22,820 --> 00:42:26,760 as an appalling is rising to power in France to sounds watching closely 432 00:42:26,760 --> 00:42:29,690 about what's going on he knows several things he knows first about that they're 433 00:42:29,690 --> 00:42:34,060 very powerful pro-slavery voices in France who are advert 434 00:42:34,060 --> 00:42:38,900 were agitating against him attacking him and proposing that slavery actually 435 00:42:38,900 --> 00:42:43,460 be recreated in some form and send a mixed is 436 00:42:43,460 --> 00:42:48,280 to say believes in doing survival in the survival of freedom itself 437 00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:53,470 depended on his ability to mobilize people to rebuild the devastated economy 438 00:42:53,470 --> 00:43:00,470 see me into sense mind that meant learned saying his black followers 439 00:43:06,130 --> 00:43:13,130 should return to the cane fields there were some compelling reasons for this I 440 00:43:16,850 --> 00:43:23,660 mean mainly into says situation he was really in a bind at that point %ah 441 00:43:23,660 --> 00:43:28,620 in the sense that his hope for peace was restoring product productivity on the 442 00:43:28,620 --> 00:43:33,040 plantations recreating the sugar trade in particularly 443 00:43:33,040 --> 00:43:36,640 but nobody wanted to go back to that kind of work 444 00:43:36,640 --> 00:43:41,640 so he pretty well had 24 stuff and then the people began to think mean this 445 00:43:41,640 --> 00:43:46,120 is a lot like slavery me she West Wong 446 00:43:46,120 --> 00:43:50,010 maybe a little too strong with a black since ive all occasions 447 00:43:50,010 --> 00:43:56,410 but he had to do it you have to do it to be a leader you got to know who where 448 00:43:56,410 --> 00:43:59,980 to lay back and you have to know when to say okay guys 449 00:43:59,980 --> 00:44:06,980 go ahead as do it if you don't do it her whatever the consequences you before 450 00:44:10,100 --> 00:44:13,360 most newly freed slaves didn't see it that way 451 00:44:13,360 --> 00:44:17,000 they wanted to work for themselves growing crops for food 452 00:44:17,000 --> 00:44:22,030 rather than export to says luster began to tarnish 453 00:44:22,030 --> 00:44:29,030 of Napoli on the other hand was writing honey 454 00:44:30,350 --> 00:44:35,120 he restructured the government and proclaimed a new constitution for France 455 00:44:35,120 --> 00:44:40,610 far from enshrining documents a patient it open the door for friends to reinstitute 456 00:44:40,610 --> 00:44:46,630 slavery in its colonies build 457 00:44:46,630 --> 00:44:50,300 when the best you heard that he really understood that something was changing 458 00:44:50,300 --> 00:44:53,410 and more ominously understood that he didn't have any way to influence the 459 00:44:53,410 --> 00:44:57,230 point well and so what he did in kind of typical to sell 460 00:44:57,230 --> 00:44:59,760 fashion israel responded by saying okay 461 00:44:59,760 --> 00:45:03,580 send a magazine have its own loss well here they are I'm in charge here I might 462 00:45:03,580 --> 00:45:10,580 as well read the Constitution of to say is constitution decreed sleeve we would 463 00:45:11,500 --> 00:45:18,410 never existence in demand again it was the first in history to prohibit discrimination 464 00:45:18,410 --> 00:45:25,410 based on skin color a milestone that US law would not guarantee for another 150 years 465 00:45:29,160 --> 00:45:34,160 the Constitution had troubling elements to get me to send 466 00:45:34,160 --> 00:45:41,160 governor for life with sole authority to designate his successor and 467 00:45:41,540 --> 00:45:46,200 two sets great hero to me but this is not a good idea I mean he basically with 468 00:45:46,200 --> 00:45:51,120 that gesture installed permanent military dictatorship 469 00:45:51,120 --> 00:45:54,880 which is remained a problem in 84 for two centuries 470 00:45:54,880 --> 00:45:58,620 taken it down when he needed to do with that I think 471 00:45:58,620 --> 00:46:03,050 not quite sure why did but that was enough to 472 00:46:03,050 --> 00:46:10,050 to send the phone and over-the-air urged Napoleon Bonaparte it had enough a revolution 473 00:46:12,920 --> 00:46:17,570 in according to Napoli lemme the US President thomas jefferson 474 00:46:17,570 --> 00:46:23,930 shared his view the course packed other black people bleak is equity still being 475 00:46:23,930 --> 00:46:28,470 to the Spanish the English Andy Americans Jefferson has published 476 00:46:28,470 --> 00:46:32,740 that at the instant the French he has a high def all measures will be taken to 477 00:46:32,740 --> 00:46:36,590 stop to sup the fetus up these give the negroes 478 00:46:36,590 --> 00:46:41,800 and we will have nothing to more to wish for of 479 00:46:41,800 --> 00:46:48,530 to send tried urgently tuition up a li'l that military logic if nothing else proved 480 00:46:48,530 --> 00:46:53,650 the merit black ambitions to sign it was writing napoleon 481 00:46:53,650 --> 00:46:59,950 he wanted so much to be to recognize as saving 482 00:46:59,950 --> 00:47:06,690 this land for France the his efforts failed 483 00:47:06,690 --> 00:47:12,540 in 1802 to see was stunned to see the largest French Expeditionary Force 484 00:47:12,540 --> 00:47:19,540 ever assembled entering cent wings Harbor its mission was simple Napoli all wanted 485 00:47:20,160 --> 00:47:27,140 to turn back the clock my decision to destroy the authority of the blacks in 486 00:47:27,140 --> 00:47:31,190 central bank is not so much based on consideration of comments and money 487 00:47:31,190 --> 00:47:35,010 as on the need to block forever the march of the blacks 488 00:47:35,010 --> 00:47:42,010 in the world to still go to forty invading French Army for 489 00:47:42,720 --> 00:47:47,230 to be grueling months but the island's black population 490 00:47:47,230 --> 00:47:54,230 no disenchanted with his leadership or said lackluster support 491 00:47:58,120 --> 00:48:04,990 on May 6 1802 to Silvio to you yeah he surrendered at first he was allowed 492 00:48:04,990 --> 00:48:10,680 to retire from the Army with full honors but a month later 493 00:48:10,680 --> 00:48:14,610 he was called to a meeting with the french commander 494 00:48:14,610 --> 00:48:19,600 she if I wanted to count all the services that I have rendered to the 495 00:48:19,600 --> 00:48:25,460 French government I will need several volumes and steel I would finish it off 496 00:48:25,460 --> 00:48:32,460 19th to say was arrested on charges of conspiracy of yes the routes and stuff that's very eloquent 497 00:48:34,410 --> 00:48:38,070 say ice rather suspect it's because of my collar 498 00:48:38,070 --> 00:48:41,890 that you're treating me like a common criminal although I prefer not to 499 00:48:41,890 --> 00:48:46,500 believe us and to compensate me for all the service sees 500 00:48:46,500 --> 00:48:49,700 they're rested me I but really in central Maine 501 00:48:49,700 --> 00:48:55,550 they choke me in drag me like a criminal we dont any dick a room for concern for my 502 00:48:55,550 --> 00:49:01,380 ring his doctor recommends do my work the formally 503 00:49:01,380 --> 00:49:06,120 amid nice French officer would have been brought before a military tribunal so 504 00:49:06,120 --> 00:49:11,970 he comports himself as if he's gonna have a military trial 505 00:49:11,970 --> 00:49:18,160 to says sons had been educated in France they had even met nobody'll hoping again that 506 00:49:18,160 --> 00:49:21,000 Napoli all would understand his thinking 507 00:49:21,000 --> 00:49:28,000 to say peacefully boarded a ship for France cinemania remained 508 00:49:28,920 --> 00:49:35,840 mostly calm into says week just like the saline in the other black officers continued Corp 509 00:49:35,840 --> 00:49:39,250 reading with friends general Victoria Kirk 510 00:49:39,250 --> 00:49:45,950 but then news arrived from the new by Colin you quick loop 511 00:49:45,950 --> 00:49:52,210 Napoli neal had reinstated sleep three the clear reported that he had a Salinas pocketing 512 00:49:52,210 --> 00:49:55,110 controlled him and had mastered his spirit will hi 513 00:49:55,110 --> 00:50:02,110 was extremely right about that send a link developed id and anger in fear 514 00:50:04,200 --> 00:50:10,510 de Celine quickly broke from friends one more time 515 00:50:10,510 --> 00:50:17,510 the former sleeves assuming to the field begins to european armies this ellen is a 516 00:50:18,930 --> 00:50:21,970 no holds bar no compromising leader in Figure 517 00:50:21,970 --> 00:50:26,870 cool is going to eradicate anything that stands in the way well with 518 00:50:26,870 --> 00:50:31,100 the people have been mobilizing towards 519 00:50:31,100 --> 00:50:34,430 that's generally reported that they saw me killed all the white people 520 00:50:34,430 --> 00:50:41,350 masterful white idk race more no not really there's one report by survivor he managed 521 00:50:41,350 --> 00:50:44,870 to get out to escape by masquerading as an american kiss 522 00:50:44,870 --> 00:50:51,870 dazzling the stacking america's for English just France 523 00:50:56,960 --> 00:51:03,960 one fleeing light Pierce has dogged paused on a mountaintop to observe the devastation 524 00:51:06,000 --> 00:51:13,000 no less than 10 square leagues have conceived running that volcanoes the so happy to have 525 00:51:13,090 --> 00:51:17,370 the conflagration was such has to make the beholder believed that large 526 00:51:17,370 --> 00:51:24,370 and stick things have gunpowder had previously been laid down 527 00:51:30,520 --> 00:51:34,410 that war becomes the Sri extreme scorched-earth kind of campaign in which 528 00:51:34,410 --> 00:51:37,240 gasoline and others burn the town's in order to 529 00:51:37,240 --> 00:51:43,980 basically leave the French with little with no choice but to depart 530 00:51:43,980 --> 00:51:50,660 the Saleen scorched-earth tactics worked in 1803 the French army 531 00:51:50,660 --> 00:51:56,970 was finally driven out fifty thousand french soldiers had died 532 00:51:56,970 --> 00:52:03,970 in Sinnoh main Katie became the world's first black the public 533 00:52:07,110 --> 00:52:12,010 this is a powerful story it wasn't just an anti-colonial revolution 534 00:52:12,010 --> 00:52:19,010 but it wasn't also anti-slavery revolution in that it said your economy and your privilege 535 00:52:19,060 --> 00:52:23,210 which is based on forced labor cannot stand the last stand 536 00:52:23,210 --> 00:52:28,310 it's a message that translates to in time independence 537 00:52:28,310 --> 00:52:35,310 is dis quand est feeding of human I think we all in some ways 538 00:52:37,960 --> 00:52:41,170 have inherited something from this revolution because it's really the first 539 00:52:41,170 --> 00:52:45,490 place the people insisted absolutely that human rights were for all 540 00:52:45,490 --> 00:52:49,730 people it's something that everybody should know 541 00:52:49,730 --> 00:52:52,030 about it to know exactly what I what 542 00:52:52,030 --> 00:52:59,030 our species not black people but our species can we are nice but to send a 543 00:53:00,660 --> 00:53:05,650 bill to never live to see victory by the time he to 544 00:53:05,650 --> 00:53:11,200 attain the goal he fought so hard to achieve p.m. prison revolutionary 545 00:53:11,200 --> 00:53:18,200 had died in a freezing cell in the mountains a friends 546 00:53:18,620 --> 00:53:22,480 and overthrowing me movie wilt as he left for France 547 00:53:22,480 --> 00:53:27,120 you have only cut down the trunk at the Liberty Tree if the blacks 548 00:53:27,120 --> 00:53:31,490 and send a link it will spring back from the roots 549 00:53:31,490 --> 00:53:38,490 for the are numerous and deep. Haiti's victory inspired those 550 00:53:39,440 --> 00:53:46,440 who struggled against slavery and racism for generations. 551 00:53:48,140 --> 00:53:55,140 But its tree of liberty took root in a hostile world. 552 00:54:00,090 --> 00:54:05,520 France demanded crippling indemnity payments. 553 00:54:05,520 --> 00:54:06,310 The U.S. refused recognition for sixty years. And a line 554 00:54:06,310 --> 00:54:06,560 of authoritarian rulers trampled rights and worsened race and class divides. 555 00:54:06,560 --> 00:54:07,430 Violence, poverty and environmental degradation continue to this day. 556 00:54:07,430 --> 00:54:08,810 The Haitian Revolution - born of high ideals 557 00:54:08,810 --> 00:54:09,060 and devastating sacrifice -- remains an unfinished project. 558 00:54:08,860 --> 00:54:09,110 Egalité for All: Toussaint Loverture and 559 00:54:08,910 --> 00:54:13,770 the Haitian Revolution is available on DVD the companion book is also available to order 560 00:54:13,770 --> 00:54:18,850 visit ShopPBS.org or call us at 1-800 PLAY-PBS 561 00:54:18,850 --> 00:54:25,850 This program was made possible by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting 562 00:55:13,430 --> 00:55:16,200 and by contributions to your PBS stations 563 00:55:16,200 --> 00:55:17,290 from viewers like you. Thank you