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Help discover ancient ruins — before it's too late

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    As an archeaologisit,
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    I'm most often asked
    what my favorite discovery is.
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    The answer is easy:
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    my husband, Greg.
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    (Laughter)
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    We met in Egypt on my first dig.
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    It was my first lesson in finding
    unexpected, wonderful things.
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    This began an incredible
    archaeological partnership.
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    Years later,
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    I proposed to him in front of our
    favorite pair statue
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    of the Prince and Princess
    Rahotep and Nofret,
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    in the Cairo Museum,
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    dating to 4600 years ago.
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    I mean, look at them,
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    they're incredible.
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    I think they should be everyone's
    favorite pair statue.
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    (Laughter)
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    I thought if I was going to ask Greg
    to spend the rest of this life with me
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    that I should ask him
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    in front of two people who had pledged
    to be together for eternity.
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    These symbols endure,
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    because when we look at them,
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    we're looking at mirrors.
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    They are powerful reminders
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    that our common humanity has not changed.
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    The thrill of archaeological discovery
    is as powerful as love
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    because Ancient history is the most
    seductive mistress imaginable.
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    Many archaeologists
    have devoted their lives
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    to unraveling the mysteries of the past
    under hot suns and Arctic winds,
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    and in rainforests.
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    Many seek,
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    some discover,
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    all worship at the temple of possibility
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    that one discovery might change history.
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    On my first day in Egypt,
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    I worked at a site
    in the Northeast Egyptian Delta,
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    at a site called Mendes,
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    dating to 4,200 years ago in a cemetary.
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    That's a picture of me --
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    I'm just in my bliss,
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    on a dig,
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    surrounded by emerald green rice patties,
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    I discovered an intact pot.
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    Flipping it over,
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    I discovered a human thumb print
    left by whoever made the vessel.
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    For a moment,
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    time stood still.
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    I didn't know where I was.
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    It was because at the moment I realized,
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    when we dig,
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    we're digging for people,
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    not things.
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    Never are we so present as when
    we are in the midst of the great past.
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    I can't tell you how many times I've stood
    in front of the Pyramids of Giza,
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    and they leave me speechless.
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    I feel like the luckiest
    person in the world.
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    They're a monument to our human brilliance
    and everything that is possible.
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    Many cannot process
    their brilliance as human --
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    think that aliens built them --
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    but this is ridiculous.
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    All you need to do
    is get up close and personal
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    and see the hidden hand of man
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    in the chisel marks left
    by the tools that built them.
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    The Great Pyramid of Giza
    was built one stone at a time
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    with 2.3 million blocks
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    with incredible bureaucratic efficiency.
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    It is not the pyramids
    that stand the test of time,
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    it is human ingenuity.
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    That is our shared human brilliance.
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    History may be cyclical,
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    but are singular.
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    I love what I do,
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    because I learn that we haven't changed.
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    I get to read about mother-in-law
    jokes from Mesopotamia
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    from 3500 years ago.
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    I get to hear about neighbors cursing
    each other from 4600 years ago
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    in Egypt.
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    And my absolute favorite,
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    from 3,300 years ago in Luxor,
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    an inscription that describes school boys
    who cut class to go drinking.
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    (Laughter)
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    Kids these days.
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    (Laughter)
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    I get to see the most
    incredible architecture,
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    see stunning sculptures --
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    I mean this is basically
    a selfie in stone --
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    and see that we've always
    rocked serious bling.
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    And also,
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    we've been posting on walls,
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    and obsessing about cats --
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    (Laughter)
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    for thousands of years.
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    (Laughter)
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    (Applause)
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    Archaeologists are the cultural
    memory preservers
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    and the spokespeople for billions
    of people
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    and the thousands of cultures
    that came before us.
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    Good science, imagination
    and a leap of faith
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    are the trifecta we use to raise the dead.
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    In the last year,
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    achaeologists have made
    incredible discoveries,
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    including ...
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    new human ancestors from South Africa,
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    tools from 3.3 million years ago --
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    these are the oldest tools
    ever discovered --
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    in Kenya.
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    And this,
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    from a series of medical implements found
    from Blackbeard's ship from 1718.
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    What you're looking at is a medical tool
    used to treat syphilis.
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    Ouch.
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    But how cool is that?
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    (Laughter)
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    For each of these,
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    there are thousands of other
    incredibly important discoveries
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    made by my colleagues
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    that do not make headlines.
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    However, I believe that the most
    important thing we do as archaeologists
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    is acknowledge that past people existed
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    and lived lives worth learning about.
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    Can you even imagine what
    the world would be like today
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    if we acknowledged all
    human beings in this way?
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    So, on a dig, you have a challenge:
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    it often looks like this.
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    You can't see anything.
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    Where are we going to start digging?
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    This is from a site south of Cairo,
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    so let's have a look from space.
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    Again, you can't really see much.
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    What you're looking at is
    a WorldView-3 satellite image,
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    which has a .3 meter resolution.
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    That's 10 inches.
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    This means that you can zoom in
    from 400 miles in space,
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    and see your tablets.
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    How do I know about this?
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    It's because I'm a space archaeologist.
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    Let me repeat that.
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    I am a space archaeologist.
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    This means --
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    (Applause)
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    Thank you.
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    This means that I use satellite images,
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    and process them using algorithms,
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    and look at subtle differences
    in the light spectrum
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    that indicate buried things
    under the ground
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    that I get to go excavate and survey.
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    By the way,
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    NASA has a Space Archaeology program,
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    so it's a real job.
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    (Laughter)
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    So let's have a look again.
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    We're back at the site
    just South of Cairo.
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    You can' see anything,
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    so keep your eye on the red rectangle.
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    When we process the image
    using algorithms --
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    think like a space-based cat scan --
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    this is what you see.
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    This rectilinear form is an Ancient tomb
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    that is previously unknown
    and unexcavated,
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    and you all are the first people
    to see it in thousands of years.
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    (Applause)
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    I believe we have barely
    scratched the surface
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    in terms of what's left to discover.
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    In the Egyptian Delta alone,
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    we've excavated less than
    one-1000th of one percent
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    of the total volume of Egyptian sites.
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    When you add to that
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    the thousands of other sites
    my team and I have discovered,
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    what we thought we knew
    pales in comparison
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    to what we have left to discover.
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    When you look at the incredible work
    that my colleagues are doing
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    all around the world,
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    and what they're finding,
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    I believe that there are millions
    of undiscovered archaeological sites
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    left to find.
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    Discovering them will do nothing less
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    than unlock the full potential
    of our existence.
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    But we have a challenge.
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    Over the last year,
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    we've seen horrible headlines
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    of incredible destruction going on
    to archaeological sites,
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    and massive looting by people like ISIL.
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    ISIL has destroyed temples at Palmyra.
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    Who blows up a temple?
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    They've destroyed the Tomb of Jonah,
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    and we've seen looting at sites so rampant
    it looks like craters of the moon.
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    Knowing ISIL's desire to destroy
    modern human lives,
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    it's a natural extension for them
    to destroy cultural identity as well.
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    Countless invading armies
    have done the same throughout history.
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    We know that ISIL is profiting
    from the looting of sites,
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    but we don't know the scale.
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    This means that any object purchased
    on the market today from the Middle East
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    could potentially be funding terrorism.
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    When a site is looted,
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    it's as if a puzzle already missing
    90 percnet of it pieces
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    has had the rest obscured
    beyond recognition.
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    This is ancient identity theft writ large.
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    We know that there are two kinds
    of looting going on:
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    looting by criminal elements like ISIL,
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    which of course is something that we
    can barely come to terms with,
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    and then more local looting
    by those that are desperate for money.
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    We would all do the same
    to feed our families.
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    I don't blame the local looters.
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    I blame the middlemen,
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    the unethical trafficers,
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    and an International art market
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    that exploits often ambiguous
    or often completely nonexistent laws.
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    We know looting is going on
    on a global scale and it's increasing,
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    but presently we don't have
    any tools to stop it.
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    This is beginning to change.
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    My team and I have just completed a study
    looking at looting in Egypt,
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    and we looked at open source data,
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    and mapped the entirety
    of looting across Egypt
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    from 2002 to 2013.
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    We found evidence of looting
    and site destruction
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    at 267 sites,
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    and mapped over 200,000 looting pits.
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    It's astonishing.
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    And putting that data together,
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    you can see the looting pits marked here.
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    And one site,
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    as the looting got bad
    from 2009, 2011, 2012 --
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    hundreds of hundreds of pits.
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    Putting all the data together,
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    what we found is that contrary
    to popular opinion,
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    looting did not start to get worse
    in Egypt in 2011 after the Arab Spring,
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    but in 2009,
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    after the global recession.
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    Thus, we've shown with big data
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    that looting is fundamentally
    an economic issue.
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    If we do nothing to stop the problem,
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    all of Egypt's sites will be
    affected by looting by 2040.
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    Thus, we are at a tipping point.
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    We are the generation with all the tools
    and all the technologies to stop looting,
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    but we're not working fast enough.
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    Sometimes an archaeological site
    can surprise you with its resilience.
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    I am just back from the field
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    where I co-led joint mission
    with Egypt's Ministry of Antiquites
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    at a site called Lisht.
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    This site dates to the middle
    kingdom of Egypt between 2000 and 1750 BC.
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    The middle kingdom was Ancient Egypt's
    Renaissance period.
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    After a time of intense internal strife,
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    and environmental challenges,
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    Egypt rebounded
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    with an incredible resurgence
    of art, architecture and literature.
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    It's a favorite period of time
    to study in Egypt,
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    because it teaches us so much
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    about how we can survive and thrive
    after great disasters.
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    Now, at this site, we had already mapped
    countless looting pits.
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    Lisht is a [royal] site,
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    there would have been thousands
    of people buried there
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    who lived and worked
    at the court of Pharoah,
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    and you can see this before and after --
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    you see dozens of looting pits.
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    North Lisht.
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    This is in South Lisht:
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    before ...
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    and after.
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    When we first visited the site,
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    we could see the tombs
    of many high-ranking officials
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    that had been looted.
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    Let me put into perspective
    for you what was taken.
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    Imagine a two meter-by-two meter area
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    full of coffins, jewelry
    and incredible statuary.
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    Multiply that times over a thousand.
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    That's what was taken.
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    So when we started work,
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    my Egyptian co-director,
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    Mohamed Youssef,
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    approached me and said,
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    "We must work at this one particular tomb,
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    it's been attacked by looters.
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    If we don't do anything,
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    they'll be back."
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    Of course I agreed,
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    but I didn't think we'd find anything.
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    I thought the looters
    had stolen everything.
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    What we started to find
    was the most incredible reliefs.
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    I mean, look at this painting --
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    it's just stunning.
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    We started finding engraved inscriptions.
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    And even the titles of the tomb owner --
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    he had titles like,
    "Overseer of the Army,"
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    "Overseer of the Treasury."
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    I began to have hope.
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    Maybe,
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    just maybe we would find his name.
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    For the Ancient Egyptians,
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    having your name last
    for eternity was their goal.
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    And then one day,
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    this appeared.
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    This is the name of the tomb owner,
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    Intf.
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    You can see it written out
    here in hieroglyphs.
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    Working together with my Egyptian team,
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    we had restored someone's name
    from 3,900 years ago.
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    So here's the thing.
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    I promised my team
    that if we found his name,
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    I would ululate.
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    Ululation is a modern Egyptian
    woman's victory song.
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    A promise is a promise.
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    Intf, son of [Ippe],
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    overseer of the army,
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    the justified --
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    this is for you.
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    (Ululating)
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    (Applause)
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    Working together
    with my Egyptian colleagues,
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    we celebrated this moment
    of shared discovery.
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    What we were doing together
    was right and true.
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    We found this incredible false door,
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    mostly intact.
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    On it we read about Intf
    and his inscriptions.
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    You can actually even see him seated here.
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    What I realized
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    is that everything I had assumed
    about looted sites has been wrong.
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    Every day on site we worked together
    with 70 Egyptians
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    as colleagues and friends.
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    In the face of so much
    hatred and ignorance
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    against those in the Middle East,
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    every moment on site felt like
    a protest for peace.
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    When you work with those
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    that don't look like you
    or think like you or speak like you,
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    your shared mission
    of archaeological discovery
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    erases all superficial differences.
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    What I learned this season
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    is that archaeology
    isn't about what you find,
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    it's about what you can prove possible.
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    So if sometimes when you travel
    you end up finding long lost family,
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    not those with whom you share genes,
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    but a shared entry in the book of like.
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    This is [Omar Farrouk],
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    my brother.
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    Omar's a Gufti from a village
    just North of Luxor,
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    called Guft.
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    Guftis are part of a celebrated
    tradition in Egyptology.
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    They help with digging
    and [work crew] organization.
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    Omer is my COO and CFO.
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    I simply couldn't do work without him.
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    One day many years ago,
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    when I was a young graduate student
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    and Omer was a young Gufti
    who couldn't speak much English,
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    we learned,
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    completely randomly,
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    we were born on the same year,
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    the same month
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    and the same day six hours apart.
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    Twins.
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    (Laughter)
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    Separated by an ocean,
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    but forever connected
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    for Ancient Egypt as our mother.
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    I knew then we'd always work together.
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    Not in my brain,
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    but in the part of your soul that knows
    that not everything can be explained.
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    [eumar 'akhi,]
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    [ wa'ana sawf 'ahabbak dayima.]
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    Omer my brother,
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    I will always love you.
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    So just before my first dig in Egypt,
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    my mentor --
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    very famous Egyptologist,
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    Professor William Kelley Simpson --
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    called me into his office.
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    He handed me a check for $2,000,
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    and said, "This is to cover your expenses,
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    have a glorious adventure this summer.
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    Someday you will do this
    for someone else."
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    Thus, my TED Prize wish
    is partial payback plus interest --
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    (Laughter)
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    for a great human being's
    generosity and kindess.
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    So, my wish.
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    I wish for us to discover the millions
    of unknown archeological sites
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    around the world
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    by created a 21st century army
    of global explorerers.
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    We'll find and protect
    the world's hidden heritage,
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    which contains clues to humankind's
    collective resilience and creativity.
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    (Applause)
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    Thank you.
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    So how are we going to do this?
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    We are going to build
    with the TED Prize money
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    and online, crowd-sourced,
    citizen science platform
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    to allow anyone in the world to engage
    with discovering archaeological sites.
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    There are only a couple hundred of us
    space archaeologists around the world.
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    It is my dream to engage the world
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    with helping to find sites
    and protect them.
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    What you'll do is you'll sign in,
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    create a user name --
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    this particular username is already taken.
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    (Laughter)
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    You'll take a tutorial
    and you'll start work.
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    I want to note at the outset
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    that in now way will be sharing GPS
    data or mapping data for sites.
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    We want to treat them
    like human patient data,
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    and not reveal your locations.
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    You'll know you're in Northern Italy
    or Southern Peru,
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    but you'll certainly not know
    exactly where you are,
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    we've got to protect the sites.
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    You'll then be dealt a card from a deck,
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    whether is 20-by-20 meters
    or 30-by-30 meters,
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    and you'll be looking then for features.
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    My team will have [batch] processed
    large amounts of satellite data
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    using algorithms
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    in order for you to find things,
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    so you'll be doing really good science.
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    You'll then be starting to look.
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    What do you see?
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    Do you see a temple?
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    Do you see a tomb?
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    Do you see a pyramid?
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    Do you see any potential
    site damage or site looting?
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    You'll then begin to mark what's there,
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    and off to the side
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    are always going to be rich examples
    of exactly what you're seeing
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    to help guide you.
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    All the data that you help us collect
    will be shared with vetted authorities,
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    and will help create
    a new global alarm system
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    to help protect sites.
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    But it's not just going to stop there.
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    All the archaeologists with whom
    we share your discoveries
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    will take you with them as they
    begin to excavate them
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    by using Periscope, Google Plus
    and social media.
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    A hundred years ago,
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    archaeology was for the rich.
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    50 years ago,
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    it was for men.
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    Now it's primary for academics.
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    Our goal is to democratize the process
    of archaeological discovery,
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    and allow anyone to participate.
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    94 years ago,
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    Howard Carter discovered
    the tomb of King Tut.
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    Who is the next Howard Carter?
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    It might be you.
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    By creating this platform,
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    we will find the millions of places
    occupied by the billions of people
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    that came before us.
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    If we want to answer the big questions
    about who we are
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    and where we've come from,
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    the answers to those questions do not lie
    in pyramids or palaces,
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    but in the cities and villages
    of those that came before us.
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    If we want to learn about the past,
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    it's time we inverted the pyramids.
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    Acknowledging that the past
    is worth saving
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    means so much more --
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    it means that we're worth saving, too.
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    And the greatest story ever told
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    is the story of our shared human journey.
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    But the only way that we're going
    to be able to write it,
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    is if we do it together.
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    Come with me.
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    Thank you.
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    (Applause)
Title:
Help discover ancient ruins — before it's too late
Speaker:
Sarah Parcak
Description:

more » « less
Video Language:
English
Team:
closed TED
Project:
TEDTalks
Duration:
21:48
  • Title: Sarah Parcak speaks at TED2016
    Description: Sarah Parcak speaks at TED2016

    =>

    Title: Help discover ancient ruins — before it's too late
    Description:
    Sarah Parcak uses satellites orbiting hundreds of miles above Earth to uncover hidden ancient treasures buried beneath our feet. There's a lot to discover; in the Egyptian Delta alone, Parcak estimates we've excavated less than a thousandth of one percent of what's out there. Now, with the 2016 TED Prize and an infectious enthusiasm for archaeology, she's developed an online platform called GlobalXplorer that enables anyone with an internet connection to discover unknown sites and protect what remains of our shared human inheritance.

  • Kelley -> Kelly

    See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kelly_Simpson

  • It's a favorite period of time
    to study in Egypt,
    # a favorite -> my favorite

  • Omer by brother,
    # by -> my

English subtitles

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