GV Face: Happy 25th Birthday, Web!
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Not SyncedOur weekly video hangout series!
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Not SyncedI think - let's see, we started a little bit off time
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Not Syncedso I'll say it again:
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Not SyncedWelcome to GV Face, our weekly video hangout series!
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Not SyncedToday, we are celebrating the 25th birthday of the world wide web.
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Not SyncedPretty exciting. That was on Wednesday.
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Not SyncedUm, we've got a really all-star lineup of guests
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Not Syncedon today's program.
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Not SyncedUm, moving from left to right, we have:
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Not SyncedAlan Emtage, a very special guest who is
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Not Syncedgonna talk to us about his very special creation
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Not Syncedof, uh, the first web browser...
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Not SyncedUm! We have Jeremy Clark, in Montreal -
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Not SyncedJeremy is a technical director at Global Voices.
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Not SyncedJosh Levy, from Free Press,
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Not Syncedin Massachusetts, in the U.S.
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Not Syncedand Renata Avila, campaign manager
for the Web We Want -
Not SyncedCreative Commons extraordinaire, and
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Not SyncedGV star.
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Not Syncedwho is joining us from Berlin!
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Not SyncedWelcome, everybody!
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Not SyncedUm. So we wanted to start today's show
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Not Syncedby talking a little bit about the world wide web
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Not Syncedand the internet.
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Not Synced'Cuz a lot of people think that they're the same thing
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Not Syncedwhen actually, that's not quite true.
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Not SyncedI want to first turn to Jeremy
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Not Syncedand just ask, Jer, could you
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Not Syncedbreak it down for us, like,
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Not SyncedI thought that the internet was invented in the 70's
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Not Syncedbut, if it's the 25th birthday of the web,
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Not Syncedwhat does that mean?
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Not SyncedJeremy Clark: Okay, well, the
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Not Syncedbest place to start, I think, is
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Not Syncedthe internet - it has existed in various formats
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Not Syncedsince the 1970's, as you said,
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Not Syncedbut it was the web that really made it
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Not Syncedenter our homes.
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Not Syncedand, so, understanding the relationship is important.
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Not SyncedSo, the internet was invented by
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Not Syncedthe U.S. Government in a lot of senses...
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Not Synced...a mix of military and science funding
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Not Syncedthat developed the network of
actual computers -
Not Syncedthat can communicate with each other over
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Not Syncedwires.
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Not SyncedNow, another related technology that is also compri--
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Not Synced[amends] uh, built in to the web
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Not Syncedis called hypertext. And that is the notion
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Not Syncedof documents that can link between each other
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Not Syncedimmediately, without having to go and fetch
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Not Synceda separate document. Um.
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Not SyncedSo there were lots of systems since the 1960s
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Not Syncedthat were trying to implement hypertext, like,
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Not SyncedXanadu is an example,
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Not Synceduh, but all of them were commercial,
expensive, closed, -
Not Syncedand none of them were very popular.
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Not SyncedSo, Tim Berners-Lee, who is the
"inventor of the internet," -
Not Synced[corrects himself] of the web,
obviously, the World Wide Web - -
Not SyncedUm. [Tim Berners-Lee] put those two things together
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Not Syncedby building a service that runs
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Not Syncedon top of the internet, and he
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Not Syncedcalled it the World Wide Web.
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Not SyncedSo what the World Wide Web is, is the
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Not Synceddecentralized hypertext engine
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Not Syncedthat we use to communicate between
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Not Syncedcomputers' web pages.
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Not SyncedSo what makes up WEB is three things:
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Not SyncedURLs (or URIs) - Universal Resource Locator
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Not Syncedwhich are the addresses we use
to find things on the web, -
Not Synced[#2] HTML, which is the
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Not SyncedHyperText Markup Lanuage
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Not Syncedwhich is the way that the information
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Not Syncedis stored and sent
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Not Syncedso that we can then use browsers
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Not Syncedto view HTML, and then
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Not Syncedall the documents can be understood
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Not Syncedand then also they display the links
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Not Syncedso that the hypertext part of it works
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Not Syncedand we can jump around from page to page.
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Not SyncedUm, the final part is HTTP, which is
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Not Syncedthe HyperText Transfer Protocol
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Not Syncedwhich is the communication method
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Not Syncedby which the different computers can
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Not Syncedtalk to each other and send the
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Not SyncedHTML documents back and forth
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Not Synceddepending on the URLs.
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Not SyncedUm. So, when he built it, there were some
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Not Syncedvery important things that he
built into this system -
Not Syncedthat didn't exist before.
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Not SyncedAnd the main one is
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Not Synceduniversal authorship.
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Not SyncedSo he always intended that anyone
would be able -
Not Syncedto access these webpages,
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Not Syncedand anyone would be able to
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Not Syncedadd their own webpages, without
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Not Syncedasking for permission.
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Not SyncedWith the very explicit special condition
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Not Syncedthat anyone can link to any other webpage
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Not Syncedwithout permission.
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Not SyncedPrevious hypertext systems required that
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Not Syncedbasically, for you to link to me,
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Not SyncedI have to accept that link, and
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Not Syncedprobably create a link back to you, and
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Not Syncedthat wasn't required on the Web, which
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Not Syncedgives us a lot of freedom to link to people
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Not Syncedwho wouldn't want us to be able
to link to them, for example, -
Not Syncedso no one can say "I'm putting up free content..."
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Not Synced"...but you can't send your readers here,
because I hate you," et cetera. -
Not SyncedThe other one is that he made it
completely, completely free. -
Not SyncedSo in the world of
inter--[fumbles for words]--programming -
Not Syncedthe most free thing is generally considered
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Not Syncedto be the GPL [General Public License]:
open-source, free software licenses. -
Not Synceduh, and Tim Berners-Lee actually almost used
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Not Syncedthe GPL, because he wanted the web software
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Not Syncedhe was building to be free.
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Not SyncedBut at the last minute he actually changed his mind
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Not Syncedand made it full public domain,
because in certain ways -
Not Syncedthe GPL is actually more restrictive, because it
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Not Syncedforces other people - like, certain commercial actors
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Not Syncedwouldn't have wanted to use web technology
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Not Syncedif it were GPL, so he made it full public domain,
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Not Syncedand then from there went on to make all of the standards
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Not Syncedas open and, uh, general and free as possible.
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Not SyncedUh. So that's my extremely brief
history of the internet. -
Not SyncedIf anyone is curious, he wrote a wonderful book
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Not Syncedcalled "Weaving the Web" about his experiences
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Not Synced[enticing tone] As you can see, it's short!
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Not SyncedAnd he has lots of interesting technical information
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Not Syncedin it, without being overwhelming.
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Not SyncedIt's very approachable
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Not Syncedand he's a really interesting person
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Not Syncedand it - the book is much better than his tweets,
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Not Syncedwhich are usually incoherent.
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Not Synced[one of the participants huffs out a "whew"]
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Not SyncedEllery: Ouch!
Jeremy [?]: A few minutes? -
Not SyncedEllery: Thanks, that was - that was great, Jer!
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Not SyncedEllery: I mean, I think that that helps
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Not Syncedum, in conversations about internet policy,
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Not Syncedand internet governance, there's a lot of emphasis
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Not Syncedon the ability to kind of create and innovate
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Not Syncedwithout permission? Like, for every
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Not Syncedto be able to build parts of the web, and
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Not Syncedwhat you just laid out for us makes it clear
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Not Syncedhow important the Web piece of the infrastructure is
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Not Syncedfor that, for that capacity to become
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Not Synceda real tangible thing, and somebody that -
[amends] something that now -
Not Syncedwe can do - we don't have to have
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Not Syncedtechnical expertise to kind of build our own
spaces there. -
Not SyncedEllery: Um. So, I wanted to -
Jeremy: So um. -
Not SyncedJeremy: If I could add just one more thing, sorry -
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Not SyncedJeremy: I just wanted to give a couple examples
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Not Syncedof things that happen over the internet
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Not Syncedthat aren't the web,
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Not Syncedbecause that was the actual initial question.
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Not SyncedSo, one example would be torrents,
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Not Syncedwhere you're the - two computers
connect to each other, -
Not Syncedand stream information directly, without any URLs
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Not Syncedbeing mixed into the process.
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Not SyncedUm, another one is - email, at its core,
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Not Syncedis its own communication protocol
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Not Syncedthat doesn't have to use the web,
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Not Syncedalthough we often use web sites
to access and manage our email. -
Not SyncedUmm. And then another one was the one
right before the Web came out, -
Not Synceda very popular protocol was called Gopher,
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Not Syncedwhich people liked, and sort of worked like the Web
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Not Synced- you surf around and find things -
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Not Syncedbut it actually became commercial
right around the time that the web came out, -
Not Syncedso people would've had to start paying,
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Not Syncedand instead of starting to pay,
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Not Syncedthey switched to HTTP, HTML, and
the World Wide Web. -
Not SyncedEllery: Thank you.
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Not SyncedEllery: So I want to move to Alan, now... Um,
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Not SyncedAlan built the first search engine.
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Not SyncedAnd I'm kind of... like, overwhelmed, and feel sort of
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Not Syncedlike, giddy and nervous having him here.
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Not SyncedEllery: This is just -
[Alan laughs] -
Not SyncedEllery: This is, like, a really big deal!
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Not SyncedEllery: So, Alan, just - if you could tell us -
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Not Synced'cuz I think a lot of people don't know about Archie -
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Not Syncedum, it would be really cool just to hear
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Not Syncedabout how you sort of - what you were doing
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Not Syncedthat made you decide to, to do this
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Not Syncedand kinda what it was like, and then, I mean,
everything you've seen since... -
Not SyncedUnfortunately we're time limited, but...
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Not SyncedAlan: Right.
Ellery: You know. -
Not SyncedAlan [coughs]: Well, um, uh, well, that was back in
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Not Synced1989, and, I was working as a system administrator
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Not Syncedfor uh, McGill University - I was a grad student
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Not Syncedfor McGill University - and um, I was responsible
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Not Syncedfor getting software for - one of my responsibilities
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Not Syncedwas getting software for the faculty and the students.
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Not SyncedAnd at the time, the three major
protocols on the internet -
Not Synced- this was pre Web, ummm -
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Not Syncedwas, uh, Telnet, which would allow you to log in
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Not Syncedto a remote machine.
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Not SyncedEmail, ah, which would allow you to communicate
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Not Syncedah, with another - as we do now, with a, with a
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Not Syncedremote machines, plural,
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Not Syncedand, and FTP, which was the File Transfer Protocol,
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Not Syncedwhich allowed you to move, ah, data files, or files
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Not Syncedfrom one machine to another.
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Not SyncedAnd at the time what we had was - people had made
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Not Synced- remember it was a non-commercial internet
at the time - -
Not Synced- actually, commercial traffic was forbidden
on the internet at the time, -
Not Syncedbecause it was run by the
National Science Foundation -
Not Syncedand it was using educational money
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Not Syncedand therefore other than companies with
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Not Syncedresearch arms, like IBM and HP
and those kinds of things, -
Not Syncedwe didn't have any commercial traffic on the internet,
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Not Syncedwhich nowadays seems kind of amazing
to even think about - -
Not Syncedand, ah, so what people did, were to provide
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Not Syncedto provide free space on their machines
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Not Synced- and remember, you know, at the time,
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Not Synceda big disc would be a megabyte, you know -
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Not Syncedand so people would provide common repositories
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Not Syncedthat you could deposit programs that you had written
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Not Synceddatafiles, and documents, and that kinda stuff.
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Not Syncedinto these central repositories that were
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Not Syncedspread around the internet.
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Not SyncedThen other people could then retrieve them.
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Not SyncedAnd so I spent a lot of my time trying to locate
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Not Syncedsoftware, or the information that my, the
students and the faculty were trying to find, -
Not Syncedand I got tired of it.
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Not Syncedand since I'm lazy and a geek, I...
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Not SyncedI automated the process.
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Not SyncedI got - instead of doing it manually, I had a bunch
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Not Syncedof scripts wake up in the middle of the night
every night, -
Not Syncedand go out and index files.
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Not SyncedNow remember all of this was just file listings.
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Not SyncedIt's not like Google, it's not like
a search engine would be today, -
Not Syncedit is just... filenames. All it was, was filenames.
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Not SyncedAnd so what it would do
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Not Syncedwas it would go out every night,
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Not Syncedlist all the filenames in all the repositories,
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Not Syncedand allow you to search lists of filenames.
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Not SyncedAnd I only used it for myself!
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Not SyncedI only used it, um, uh, for my own personal use.
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Not SyncedUm, and at one point my boss,
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Not Syncedwho was also a student, a grad student
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Not Syncedat the University, let Peter Deutsch let it be known
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Not Syncedthat, um, somebody was asking for, you know,
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Not Syncedcould they, could somebody tell them where, um,
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Not Syncedy'know, a particular piece of software was.
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Not SyncedAnd, uh, uh, we, um, uh... we, you know,
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Not Syncedhe came and asked me,
he knew we had this database -
Not Syncedand he came and asked me if I could help out.
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Not SyncedAnd I gave it to him, and if, y'know,
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Not Syncedhalf a sec- half a minute later I had the information,
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Not Syncedand so he put this posting online, and, umm.
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Not SyncedPeople then started asking,
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Not Synced"Well, can you find this for me?"
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Not SyncedAnd, you know, all these manual requests!
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Not SyncedBasically - either through email, or UseNet postings -
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Not Synced- which is what we were using at the time -
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Not Syncedwe thought, this is silly,
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Not Syncedthere's no point doing these things manually
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Not Syncedwhen we can just allow people access
to the database itself. -
Not SyncedAnd in a moment of insanity,
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Not Syncedwe had to come up with a name for it,
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Not Syncedand I said, "Okay, well, let's just call it ARCHI,"
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Not Syncedwhich is "ARCHIVE" without the V
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Not SyncedAnd, ah, and within about three or four months
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Not Syncedwe were consuming about half
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Not Syncedof all of the traffic to eastern Canada
[where McGill University is] -
Not Syncedas this search engine became - as people, y'know -
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Not Synced- word of mouth -
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Not Syncedyou know, people who know about Archie
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Not Syncedare generally people of a certain age...
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Not Synced...I won't mention what that age is, but
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Not Syncedit's generally people who were in university
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Not Syncedor working on the internet, so it would have been
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Not Syncedso it would have been research people,
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Not Syncedpeople in academia in the early nineties.
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Not SyncedSo Archie lasted for about, uh, [hems and haws]
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Not SyncedFive years. Four or five years.
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Not SyncedAnd, um, it only indexed FTP archives.
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Not SyncedIt never indexed the web.
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Not SyncedNow, I went on, as Archie became popular,
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Not Syncedand I got more involved in the standards process
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Not Syncedand that kind of stuff,
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Not SyncedI worked, uh, fairly closely with Tim Berners-Lee
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Not Syncedto, uh, to standardize - for example,
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Not SyncedI did the - I ran the committee
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Not Syncedat the standard-setting body for the internet,
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Not Syncedwhich is the IETF
[Internet Engineering Task Force] -
Not Syncedto standardize URLs.
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Not SyncedBecause Tim had come up with
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Not Synceda set of rules for URLS,
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Not Syncedand as we looked at expanding that
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Not Syncedto a larger range of resources,
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Not Syncedwe realized that those rules did not cover
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Not Syncedall of the cases.
- Title:
- GV Face: Happy 25th Birthday, Web!
- Description:
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It's the 25th birthday of the World Wide Web this week! In this edition of GV Face, Global Voices veterans will talk about their early experiences with the web and all it has enabled us to do in our (nearly) ten years as an organization. We'll also speak with GV community leader Renata Avila and Free Press Internet Campaign Director Josh Levy, two founding members of the Web We Want campaign, a new initiative that promotes global conversation about human rights and the Internet.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- Captions Requested
- Duration:
- 46:37
Dove the Beta edited English subtitles for GV Face: Happy 25th Birthday, Web! | ||
Dove the Beta edited English subtitles for GV Face: Happy 25th Birthday, Web! | ||
Dove the Beta edited English subtitles for GV Face: Happy 25th Birthday, Web! | ||
Dove the Beta edited English subtitles for GV Face: Happy 25th Birthday, Web! | ||
Claude Almansi commented on English subtitles for GV Face: Happy 25th Birthday, Web! | ||
Dove the Beta edited English subtitles for GV Face: Happy 25th Birthday, Web! | ||
Dove the Beta edited English subtitles for GV Face: Happy 25th Birthday, Web! | ||
Dove the Beta edited English subtitles for GV Face: Happy 25th Birthday, Web! |
Claude Almansi
Thank you, Dove! Your transcribing the whole video in just 7 revisions is really impressive. And you seem to have taken the move to the present editor in your stride.