How virtual reality can create the ultimate empathy machine

Virtual reality started for me

in sort of an unusual place.

It was the 1970s,

I got into the field very young,

I was 7-years-old.

And the tool that I used
to access virtual reality

was an Evel Knievel stunt cycle.

This is a commercial for
that particular item:

Commercial: "What a jump!

Evel's riding the amazing stunt cycle.

That jiro-power sends him
over 100 feet at top speed."

So this was my joy back then.

I rode this motorcycle everywhere,

and I was there with Evel Knievel:

we jumped the Snake River Canyon together.

I wanted the rocket,

I never got the rocket.

I only got the motorcycle.

I felt so connected to this world,

I didn't want to be storyteller
when I grew up,

I wanted to be stuntman.

I was there, Evel Knievel was my friend,

I had so much empathy for him.

But, it didn't work out.

I went to art school.

I started making music videos.

And this is one of the early
music videos that I made:

Music: "Before the day you die,
you gon' touch the sky."

Chris Milk: You may notice
some slight similarities here.

(Laughter)

And I got that rocket.

So, now I'm a filmmaker,

the beginning of a filmmaker,

and I started using the tools that are
available to me as a filmmaker

to tell the most compelling stories
that I can to an audience.

And film is this incredible medium
that allows us to feel empathy

for people that are very different than us

and worlds completely foreign
from our own.

Unfortunately, Evel Knievel didn't feel
the same empathy for us

that we felt for him,

and he sued us for this video

(Laughter)

shortly thereafter.

On the upside,

the man that I worshiped as a child,

the man that I wanted
to become as an adult,

I was finally able to get his autograph.

(Applause)

Let's talk about film now.

Film, it's an incredible medium,

but essentially,

it's the same now as then.

It's a group of rectangles that are
played in a sequence.

And we've done incredible things
with those rectangles.

But, I started thinking about

is there a way that I can use modern
and developing technologies

to tell stories in different ways

and tell different kinds of stories

that maybe I couldn't tell using
the traditional tools of filmmaking

that we've been using for 100 years.

So, I started experiementing

and what I was trying to do was

to build the ultimate empathy machine.

And here's one of the early experiments:

Promo: "This is a Chrome Experiment.

Arcade Fire: 'The Wilderness Downtown.'

Chris Milk: So this was called
"The Wilderness Downtown",

it was a collaboration with Arcade Fire

to put in the address where you
grew up at the beginning of it.

It's a website,

and out of it starts growing these
little boxes with different browser windows.

And you see this teenager
running down the street,

and then you see Google Streetview
and Google Maps imagery

and you realize that the street
he's running down is yours.

And when he stops in front of a house,

he's in front of your house.

And this was great, and I saw people
having an even deeper emotional reaction

than the things that I
had made in rectangles.

And I'm essentially taking a piece
of your history

and putting it inside the framing
of the story.

But then I started thinking,

"Okay, well that's a part of you.

How do I put all of you inside
of the frame?"

So, to do that,

I started making art installations.

This is one called
"The Treachery of Sanctuary."

I'm going to show you the third panel:

So now I've got you inside of the frame,

and I saw people having even more
visceral emotional reactions

to this work than the previous one.

But then I started thinking about frames,

and what do they represent.

And a frame is just a window.

I mean, all the media that we watch

-- television, cinema --

they're these windows into
these other worlds.

And I thought, "Well, great. I got
you in a frame.

But I don't want you in the frame,

I don't want you in a window,

I want you through the window,

I want you on the other side,

in the world, inhabiting the world."

So that leads me back to virtual reality.

Let's talk about virtual reality.

Unfortunately,

"Talking about virtual reality

is like dancing about architecture."

(Laughter)

And this is actually someone dancing

about architecture in virtual reality.

(Laughter)

So, it's difficult to explain.

Why is difficult to explain?

It's because it's a very
experiential medium.

You feel your way inside of it.

It's a machine, but inside of it

it feels like real-life,

it feels like truth.

And you feel present in the world
that you're inside

and you feel present with the people

that you're inside of it with.

So, I'm going to show you a demo
of virtual reality film:

a full-screeen version of
all the information

that we capture when we shoot
virtual reality.

So we're shooting in every direction.

This is a camera system that we built

that has 3D cameras that look
at every direction

and binaural microphones
that face in very direction.

We take this and we build, basically,

a sphere of a world that you inhabit.

So what I'm going to show you
is not a view into the world,

it's basically the whole world
stretched into a rectangle.

So this film is called "Clouds over Sidra."

And it was made in conjunction with
our virtual reality company

called VRSE,

and the United Nations,

and a co-collaborator named Gabo Arora.

And we went to a Syrian refugee camp
in Jordan,

and shot the story of a 12-year-old girl
named Sidra.

And her and her family fled Syria
through the desert into Jordan

and she's been living in this
camp for the last year and a half.

Video: "My name is Sidra,

I am 12-years-old.

I am in the fifth grade.

I am from Syria in the Daraa province
in (?).

I have lived here in the Zaatari camp
in Jordan

for the last year and a half.

I have a big family:

three brothers, one is a baby.

He cries a lot.

I asked my father if
I cried when I was a baby,

and he says I did not.

I think I was a stronger baby
than my brother."

Chris Milk: So, when you're inside
of the headset,

you're not seeing it like this.

You're looking around through this world.

You'll notice you see a full
360 degrees in all directions.

And when you're sitting there
in her room, watching her,

you're not watching it through
a television screen,

you're not watching it through a window,

you're sitting there with her.

When you look down,

you're sitting on the same ground
that she's sitting on.

And because of that,

you feel her humanity in a deeper way.

You empathize with her in a deeper way.

And I think that we can change minds
with this machine.

And we've already started to try
to change a few.

So we took this film to the
World Economic Forum

in Davos in January.

And we showed it to a group of people

whose decisions affect the lives
of millions of people.

And these are people who might
not otherwise be sitting

in a tent in a refugee camp in Jordan.

But, in January, one afternoon
in Switzerland,

they suddenly all found themselves there.

(Applause)

And they were affected by it.