-
Not Synced
Ok so good morning everyone.
I'll just get started.
-
Not Synced
My name is Shailesh and I give these talks
almost every year so this is a very
-
Not Synced
deja-vu feeling for me. The only thing
different this time is the stage is
-
Not Synced
slightly thinner. But great crowd.
Great list of talks so far.
-
Not Synced
So, Daniel called me a couple of weeks
ago and said, 'Why don't you give a
-
Not Synced
keynote again?' And I said, 'You know, I'm
running out of things to say now.'
-
Not Synced
I've given four talks at different forums
with The Fifth Elephant and I wasn't so
-
Not Synced
sure what I want to talk about. So, then
one of these days I was talking to one of
-
Not Synced
my non-geek friends and he was very
excited about what I do, so he said,
-
Not Synced
'What do you do?' and I, you know, it was
on the phone and I started talking to him
-
Not Synced
about this, that and the other. And for
about 45 minutes I was rambling
-
Not Synced
and this guy was very quiet. I didn't
realise he wasn't a techie and I was
-
Not Synced
going on and on, and after 45 minutes
I stopped and said,
-
Not Synced
'Are you still there? Are you listening?'
And he said, 'Yeah, I'm listening.
-
Not Synced
Can you tell me what do you do again?'
(audience laughs)
-
Not Synced
And then I realised, how do I summarise
this in 2 words?
-
Not Synced
So then I told him, 'Hey, I'm building
thinking machines.'
-
Not Synced
And that's when he said, 'Why didn't you
say that before.
-
Not Synced
It was so easy to say that, right?'
So that's how the title came by,
-
Not Synced
and obviously we're not building
thinking machines but
-
Not Synced
what I'm going talk about is towards
thinking machines, right?
-
Not Synced
So, we have a long way to go. So I
added the word 'towards' later.
-
Not Synced
So what I'm gonna talk about is all over
the place. I'm going to talk about
-
Not Synced
philosophy, science fiction. I'm going to
talk about algorithms and
-
Not Synced
I'm going to talk about, you know, deep
learning and how to think about things
-
Not Synced
beyond deep learning. Alright?
And let me give you a perspective
-
Not Synced
and then we'll start. So I'll take
questions at the end.
-
Not Synced
Start working this.
-
Not Synced
Alright, so, I ended my last year's talk
on this quotation
-
Not Synced
So I thought I'll start on this quotation
this time.
-
Not Synced
So I like this quotation because it puts
a lot of things into perspective of
-
Not Synced
what we're doing, how our civilisation got
here, and where we're headed.
-
Not Synced
So it says, "Our technology, our machines,
is part of our humanity.
-
Not Synced
We created them to extend ourselves, and
that is what is unique about human beings"
-
Not Synced
And if you look at chairs, and dogs, and
animals, and cats
-
Not Synced
They don't create machines to extend
themselves. They just have instincts
-
Not Synced
and they follow their instincts. Right,
that's very unique
-
Not Synced
about human civilisation. We've created
Taj Mahal, and space flights, and internet
-
Not Synced
And so we've come a very long way.
So if you think about the tools, right?
-
Not Synced
The cavemen had tools and now we have
a completely robotic assembly line
-
Not Synced
with no humans and you could turn the
lights off and nothing will happen.
-
Not Synced
The car would get ???, right? We've gone
from just on-road, bullock carts,
-
Not Synced
to massive amounts of transportation we
can do now.
-
Not Synced
If you look at our ability to look further in
the space, again, since Galileo,
-
Not Synced
we've made a lot of progress, ???
he's certainly a thousand years off our
-
Not Synced
Pluto fly by. So now we're able to send
satellites into space.
-
Not Synced
If you look at the first computer we built
and where we are today, right?
-
Not Synced
We have a huge data centre, and really, if
you look at the whole thing in perspective
-
Not Synced
we have made an enormous amount of
progress in the last so many centuries.
-
Not Synced
So if youlook just at the technical part,
the IT kind of intelligent machines,
-
Not Synced
we're not talking about mixies? and other
things, just look at what AI
-
Not Synced
and deep learning, this stuff, has
produced. Today's machines can play chess.
-
Not Synced
And there's no human on the planet who can
play chess better than the machine.
-
Not Synced
I want to take a pause and think about
where we are.
-
Not Synced
There's no human on the planet who can
play chess better than the machine.
-
Not Synced
There's no human on the planet who can
play Jeopardy better than the machine.
-
Not Synced
And recently, Google came up with
automatic cars, so the machine can
-
Not Synced
drive cars and record show, that this cars
are better than humans under rider?
-
Not Synced
conditions. And they have much less
accident rates, and all the accidents
-
Not Synced
happened because of other humans drivers.
They're not because of cars.
-
Not Synced
And recently also saw how machines are
able to create pictures, right, so this is
-
Not Synced
one of the things that deep learning is
internally doing.
-
Not Synced
And now think about all this. Just think
about where machines have gone today.
-
Not Synced
How many things they can do which are
way beyond our imagination
-
Not Synced
that machines could have done.
So obviously there's a lot they've done.
-
Not Synced
But can they do the following?
We would want to stress their limits
-
Not Synced
So one of the holy grails of AI is to have
a machine have a conversation with
-
Not Synced
a human being. We all know the Turing test
and the repercussions of this will be huge
-
Not Synced
We could think about how we talk to the
internet today. We carefully craft word
-
Not Synced
for word queries, right, and you know, we
allow the internet to make mistakes
-
Not Synced
We craft queries again, and we take the
suggestions or not
-
Not Synced
We talk to the internet like we're talking
to a 3-year-old
-
Not Synced
Now in the daily needs of massive data
computers, NLP? and all its deploying
-
Not Synced
staff, imagine how shameful it is to talk
to a computer like a 3-year-old.
-
Not Synced
So it's got the capacity of thousands of
people but it can't understand language.
-
Not Synced
So we need to change that. Now imagine
beyond keywords what can happen
-
Not Synced
We can do question answering, but how do
we do question answering today?
-
Not Synced
We've created Yahoo Answers. We've created
Quora, where people can type questions
-
Not Synced
We do a match between the questions
and the answers, and then
-
Not Synced
we again do retrieval. So not answering
questions.
-
Not Synced
Now think about conversations.
Conversation is an even more complex thing
-
Not Synced
If it works out, what are the
repercussions? I don't want to study
-
Not Synced
physics from my physics teacher. I want to
study from Einstein or Feynman.
-
Not Synced
We already know all the language and
knowledge of these people.
-
Not Synced
Can we not have a persona or a person
Feynman or Einstein,
-
Not Synced
and have a conversation with that person,
right? So just imagine the future
-
Not Synced
of what will happen if we're just able to
have conversations with the machines.
-
Not Synced
So there's a long way to go between
keyword search and conversations.
-
Not Synced
Can we discover a cure for cancer?
There are a lot of diseases out there.
-
Not Synced
Now obviously there is a lot of research
pharma companies are doing.
-
Not Synced
There's a lot of new initiatives on how
to use the high end machine learning
-
Not Synced
in pharma research. But my contention is
I believe that the cure for a lot of
-
Not Synced
diseases is already out there. In all the
medical literature, if somebody could
-
Not Synced
actually read them, hold that knowledge in
the brain, in RAM, and do interconnections
-
Not Synced
we should be able to find a lot of things.
But what is the problem?
-
Not Synced
A single human expert, even in one field
cannot keep up with that quest of
-
Not Synced
knowledge, right. We forget some things,
we want to read certain papers.
-
Not Synced
And therefore, it's the other problem.
We have too much knowledge
-
Not Synced
and our individual brains are not
capable of forming those connections
-
Not Synced
in the - because we can't even read that
many docs, right?
-
Not Synced
But machines could do it, the way, and
then there's progress.
-
Not Synced
Can we not find cures or new medicine
too.
-
Not Synced
Can I crack the next IIT Entrance Exam?
You laughing today, but you never know.
-
Not Synced
Five years from now, what will happen?
We should hope that if Watson is
-
Not Synced
a test of intelligence, if Igloo is a test
of intelligence, could this not be
-
Not Synced
a test of intelligence.
The ability of AI system to be able to
-
Not Synced
actually solve an IIT paper and get a
rank 1.
-
Not Synced
What about, can I search all the video
scenes, which only have a goal shot
-
Not Synced
in the football videos and nothing else.
I don't want to watch the rest of it.
-
Not Synced
A lot of balls going here and there.
I just want to see the goal shots.
-
Not Synced
Today I cannot do that.
Can my machines be intelligent enough
-
Not Synced
to vision part, to actually find, this is
a goal, this is a goal, this is a goal -
-
Not Synced
the rest of it is something else.
So we can imagine the applications now.
-
Not Synced
We were talking about sarcasm a lot and we
all understand sarcasm is a very hard
-
Not Synced
thing to do. And imagine if you could
detect sarcasm, what else can you do?
-
Not Synced
You writing an email to your boss
You're angry, you've written
-
Not Synced
a sarcastic comment, and ? says,
'Hey are you sure about this?'
-
Not Synced
In the heat of the moment, can
I put it this way?
-
Not Synced
So, like, today we do attachments. Can you
detect sarcasm and things like that.
-
Not Synced
And to me the holy grail of AI is not
really all these big things,
-
Not Synced
but a really simple thing. Can a machine
find a joke funny?
-
Not Synced
Now there are a lot of - don't know if you
guys watch Star Trek - but data entry
-
Not Synced
300, 400 years from now, is an android who
is capable of all these other things.
-
Not Synced
He's a great supercomputer in human form
but he's still struggling with humans.
-
Not Synced
That's how hard the problem is.