Coronavirus Variants: What you need to know
-
0:00 - 0:05Conforme a pandemia continua, as variantes
são a preocupação mais recente, -
0:05 - 0:10com exemplos notáveis na África do Sul,
Brasil e Reino Unido. -
0:10 - 0:16Mas variantes são complicadas, cada uma
é feita de um conjunto de mutações, -
0:16 - 0:22quais possuem o potencial de alterar
o vírus SARS-CoV-2 de formas inesperadas. -
0:22 - 0:26Então, o que os cientistas querem dizer
quando falam sobre as variantes -
0:26 - 0:30e o que isso significa em relação
ao futuro da pandemia? -
0:31 - 0:35Os vírus se multiplicam copiando
seus genomas repetidamente. -
0:35 - 0:39Mas, assim como em uma copiadora antiga,
as cópias nem sempre são perfeitas. -
0:39 - 0:43Cada cópia imperfeita é uma variante.
-
0:43 - 0:47Geralmente as imperfeições e mutações
não alteram o comportamento do vírus -
0:47 - 0:52e podem torná-los menos eficazes
do que a cepa original. -
0:52 - 0:56Mas, raramente, as mutações podem alterar
o vírus de algumas formas importantes. -
0:56 - 1:03Ele pode se tornar mais infeccioso,
ou mais capaz de evitar o sistema imune. -
1:03 - 1:06Quanto mais um vírus consegue
se replicar sem controle, -
1:06 - 1:11mais chances ele tem de acumular
essas raras mutações benéficas. -
1:11 - 1:16Isso pode ocorrer quando o vírus consegue
se espalhar rápido em uma população -
1:16 - 1:19ou se encontram um hospedeiro
menos capaz de combatê-lo, -
1:19 - 1:24como alguém com sistema imune comprometido
por tratamentos ou portadores de HIV+. -
1:24 - 1:29Se um conjunto de mutações torna
uma variante mais bem sucedida, -
1:29 - 1:34ela pode ficar mais proeminente,
e é aí que ela é notada. -
1:34 - 1:38Epidemiologistas podem até rotulá-la
como uma 'variante preocupante', -
1:38 - 1:42como as encontradas no Brasil,
África do Sul e Reino Unido. -
1:42 - 1:48Há meses, cientistas tentam descobrir
o que alterou essas variantes -
1:48 - 1:50e o que essas alterações significam.
-
1:50 - 1:56Uma variante se propagando não quer dizer
que ela tenha uma mutação vantajosa. -
1:56 - 2:01Por exemplo, um pequeno grupo de pessoas
pode mover a variante de uma região -
2:01 - 2:06para outra, como turistas de férias,
voltando de lugares populares. -
2:06 - 2:10Isso pode fazer com que a variante
se propague em um novo local, -
2:10 - 2:14apesar de não haver alterações
significantes na biologia do vírus. -
2:14 - 2:17Isso se chama 'Efeito Fundador'.
-
2:17 - 2:22Entender por que uma variante surgiu
requer uma combinação de estudos. -
2:22 - 2:25A epidemiologia ajuda a detectar
e rastrear novas variantes -
2:25 - 2:29e sinalizar padrões de infecção
novos ou preocupantes . -
2:29 - 2:32Enquanto isso, exames laboratoriais
podem identificar -
2:32 - 2:36como as mutações estão alterando
as propriedades do vírus. -
2:36 - 2:42And studies like these are starting to identify
mutations that have given the virus an upper hand. -
2:42 - 2:47Some variants are faster spreading,
and there are hints that certain mutations -
2:47 - 2:53could start to weaken or even evade natural
and vaccine derived immunity. -
2:53 - 2:58For example, the D614G mutation, known to
virologists as Doug, spread widely in the -
2:58 - 3:02early days of the pandemic and can be seen
in almost all variants. -
3:02 - 3:08It affects the spike protein that coronavirus
particles use to penetrate cells. A mutation -
3:08 - 3:11in the genome changes one amino acid for another,
-
3:11 - 3:17and makes the new variant more infectious than the original virus.
-
3:17 - 3:26N501Y also known as Nelly, is another spike protein mutation
which appears to be associated with increased transmissibility. -
3:26 - 3:35This mutation has been detected in the B.1.1.7,
B.1.351 and P.1 strains - all variants of concern. -
3:35 - 3:44The worry of so-called ‘immune escape’ has also been hinted at with another spike protein mutation, E484K or Eek.
-
3:44 - 3:51Eek has been spotted in B.1.351 and P.1, the
variants detected in South Africa and Brazil. -
3:51 - 3:58Lab studies in early in 2021 showed that the
variant could evade some virus-blocking antibodies, -
3:58 - 4:05while trials in South Africa suggested that
the variant reduced the efficacy of several vaccines. -
4:05 - 4:10Despite these worries, the coronavirus is
actually mutating very slowly compared to -
4:10 - 4:17something like influenza and it seems like
the vaccines developed so far will remain at least partly effective. -
4:17 - 4:22But scientists are still taking the threat
posed by variants seriously. -
4:22 - 4:26And there are several things that
can be done to help tackle it. -
4:26 - 4:30Firstly, to do anything researchers need data
-
4:30 - 4:37- it’s very important to monitor and trace the emergence of
variants and that isn’t always simple to do. -
4:37 - 4:42Organisations like the COVID-19 Genomics UK
consortium, or COG-UK, -
4:42 - 4:48have stepped up their efforts to combine
fast sequencing with efficient data sharing. -
4:48 - 4:53COG-UK has already sequenced over 400,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes.
-
4:53 - 4:59Next, researchers need to look forward to
how these mutated viruses could affect global -
4:59 - 5:07vaccination efforts. Existing vaccines can be redesigned and
combinations of vaccines are also being tested -
5:07 - 5:14but it could be difficult to perform reliable
clinical trials amid the ongoing vaccination programmes. -
5:14 - 5:18Right now though, work needs to continue at
a national level. -
5:18 - 5:24Public health policies such as track and trace, social distancing and vaccine roll-outs
-
5:24 - 5:31are powerful tools to interrupt transmission and keep tabs on new variants.
-
5:31 - 5:34After all, every time the virus is prevented
from spreading, -
5:34 - 5:37it's also prevented from mutating,
-
5:37 - 5:42nipping new variants in the bud
before they even have a chance to develop.
- Title:
- Coronavirus Variants: What you need to know
- Description:
-
As the global COVID-19 pandemic continues - viral variants have become the latest concern
But variants are complicated. Each one is made up of a collection of mutations, all of which have the potential to change the SARS-CoV-2 virus in unexpected ways.
So what do scientists mean when they talk about variants and what might this mean for the future of the pandemic?
Sign up for the Nature Briefing: An essential round-up of science news, opinion and analysis, free in your inbox every weekday: https://go.nature.com/371OcVF
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
Amplifying Voices
- Project:
- COVID-19 Pandemic
- Duration:
- 05:50
![]() |
Marta Quirós Alarcón edited English subtitles for Coronavirus Variants: What you need to know | |
![]() |
Marta Quirós Alarcón edited English subtitles for Coronavirus Variants: What you need to know | |
![]() |
Cintia Borini edited English subtitles for Coronavirus Variants: What you need to know | |
![]() |
Cintia Borini edited English subtitles for Coronavirus Variants: What you need to know | |
![]() |
Cintia Borini edited English subtitles for Coronavirus Variants: What you need to know | |
![]() |
Cintia Borini edited English subtitles for Coronavirus Variants: What you need to know | |
![]() |
Cintia Borini edited English subtitles for Coronavirus Variants: What you need to know | |
![]() |
Cintia Borini edited English subtitles for Coronavirus Variants: What you need to know |