-
We are more likely to die from the diseases of old age
-
We are more likely to "/>
-
We are more likely to ">
-
We are more likely to ">
-
We are more likely to "/>
-
such as cancer, stroke
-
such as cancer, stroke"/>
-
such as cancer, stroke">
-
such as cancer, stroke">
-
such as cancer, stroke"/>
-
and the number one killer: Heart disease.
-
and the number one "/>
-
and the number one ">
-
and the number one ">
-
and the number one "/>
-
Today heart disease kills a quarter of the population in the western world
-
Today heart disease "/>
-
Today heart disease ">
-
Today heart disease ">
-
Today heart disease "/>
-
the most violent form is the heart attack.
-
the most violent form is "/>
-
the most violent form is ">
-
the most violent form is ">
-
the most violent form is"/>
-
Unfortunately the monetary system allows many theories to be spread about such a topic,
-
Unfortunately the "/>
-
Unfortunately the ">
-
Unfortunately the ">
-
Unfortunately the "/>
-
sometimes without any evidence, and, in addition to that,
-
sometimes without any "/>
-
sometimes without any ">
-
sometimes without any ">
-
sometimes without any "/>
-
it doesn't educate people on such an important subject,
-
it doesn't educate "/>
-
it doesn't educate ">
-
it doesn't educate ">
-
it doesn't educate "/>
-
possibly the most important.
-
possibly the most "/>
-
possibly the most ">
-
possibly the most ">
-
possibly the most "/>
-
If you seek an answer to this question
-
If you seek an answer to "/>
-
If you seek an answer to ">
-
If you seek an answer to ">
-
If you seek an answer to"/>
-
you will come across all sorts of theories and ideas about life after death,
-
you will come across all "/>
-
you will come across all ">
-
you will come across all ">
-
you will come across all"/>
-
but sadly, all are just ideas;
-
but sadly, all are just "/>
-
but sadly, all are just ">
-
but sadly, all are just ">
-
but sadly, all are just "/>
-
the monetary system fails with this topic because it is not concerned with quality,
-
the monetary system "/>
-
the monetary system ">
-
the monetary system ">
-
the monetary system "/>
-
it only cares about what makes more profit.
-
it only cares about what "/>
-
it only cares about what ">
-
it only cares about what ">
-
it only cares about what"/>
-
Often you’ll find more spiritual and illusory answers than scientific ones.
-
Often you’ll find more "/>
-
Often you’ll find more ">
-
Often you’ll find more ">
-
Often you’ll find more "/>
-
This occurs because people have the tendency to perpetuate
-
This occurs because "/>
-
This occurs because ">
-
This occurs because ">
-
This occurs because "/>
-
and promote whatever is selling best, or whatever the environment offers,
-
and promote whatever is "/>
-
and promote whatever is ">
-
and promote whatever is ">
-
and promote whatever is "/>
-
not what is relevant.
-
not what is relevant."/>
-
not what is relevant.">
-
not what is relevant.">
-
not what is relevant."/>
-
This is the truth, about death,
-
This is the truth, about "/>
-
This is the truth, about ">
-
This is the truth, about ">
-
This is the truth, about"/>
-
the truth discovered by science, until now.
-
the truth discovered by "/>
-
the truth discovered by ">
-
the truth discovered by ">
-
the truth discovered by "/>
-
From: roasted chicken, fried potatoes, Coca-Cola
-
From: roasted chicken, "/>
-
From: roasted chicken, ">
-
From: roasted chicken, ">
-
From: roasted chicken, "/>
-
and food from McDonalds,
-
and food from McDonalds,"/>
-
and food from McDonalds,">
-
and food from McDonalds,">
-
and food from McDonalds,"/>
-
almost everything that you eat, transforms your body;
-
almost everything that "/>
-
almost everything that ">
-
almost everything that ">
-
almost everything that "/>
-
that, plus the oxygen you breathe.
-
that, plus the oxygen "/>
-
that, plus the oxygen ">
-
that, plus the oxygen ">
-
that, plus the oxygen "/>
-
in digestion food is changed by the organs into a ??? form to be absorbed by the body
-
in digestion food is "/>
-
in digestion food is ">
-
in digestion food is ">
-
in digestion food is "/>
-
food in the mouth is mixed with saliva
-
food in the mouth is "/>
-
food in the mouth is ">
-
food in the mouth is ">
-
food in the mouth is "/>
-
saliva begin to dissolve the food as a teeth grind and cut it.
-
saliva begin to dissolve "/>
-
saliva begin to dissolve ">
-
saliva begin to dissolve ">
-
saliva begin to dissolve"/>
-
Food is forced back into the throat, ??? by the tongue
-
Food is forced back into "/>
-
Food is forced back into ">
-
Food is forced back into ">
-
Food is forced back into"/>
-
Food in the pharynx stimulates the swallowing reflex.
-
Food in the pharynx "/>
-
Food in the pharynx ">
-
Food in the pharynx ">
-
Food in the pharynx "/>
-
The larynx has pull upwards to meet the epiglottis and seal off the trachea.
-
The larynx has pull "/>
-
The larynx has pull ">
-
The larynx has pull ">
-
The larynx has pull "/>
-
food goes from the pharynx to the esophagus
-
food goes from the "/>
-
food goes from the ">
-
food goes from the ">
-
food goes from the "/>
-
food moves down the esophagus by peristalsis,
-
food moves down the "/>
-
food moves down the ">
-
food moves down the ">
-
food moves down the "/>
-
the peristaltic wave reach the esophageal sphincter and food enters the stomach.
-
the peristaltic wave "/>
-
the peristaltic wave ">
-
the peristaltic wave ">
-
the peristaltic wave "/>
-
the unique muscles structure of the stomach breaks up the food into small pieces called chyme.
-
the unique muscles "/>
-
the unique muscles ">
-
the unique muscles ">
-
the unique muscles "/>
-
Chyme exits the through the piloric sphincter into the Duodenum of the small intestine
-
Chyme exits the through "/>
-
Chyme exits the through ">
-
Chyme exits the through ">
-
Chyme exits the through "/>
-
the major portion of absorbtion in digestion occurs in the small intestine.
-
the major portion of "/>
-
the major portion of ">
-
the major portion of ">
-
the major portion of "/>
-
The mucosa secrete enzymes that supplement the digestive enzymes of the pancreas and liver.
-
The mucosa secrete "/>
-
The mucosa secrete ">
-
The mucosa secrete ">
-
The mucosa secrete "/>
-
This completes the chemical process of digestion
-
This completes the "/>
-
This completes the ">
-
This completes the ">
-
This completes the "/>
-
The walls are covered with villi where nutrient absorption takes place.
-
The walls are covered "/>
-
The walls are covered ">
-
The walls are covered ">
-
The walls are covered "/>
-
The structure of each villus contains a capillary and lacteal
-
The structure of each "/>
-
The structure of each ">
-
The structure of each ">
-
The structure of each "/>
-
to pick up the digestion nutrients.
-
to pick up the digestion "/>
-
to pick up the digestion ">
-
to pick up the digestion ">
-
to pick up the digestion"/>
-
The nutrients are now transported by the blood to other cells of the body
-
The nutrients are now "/>
-
The nutrients are now ">
-
The nutrients are now ">
-
The nutrients are now "/>
-
The un-digestive food reaches the Ileo-cecal valve and enters the large intestine or colon.
-
The un-digestive food "/>
-
The un-digestive food ">
-
The un-digestive food ">
-
The un-digestive food "/>
-
The colon absorbs water, manufactures vitamins
-
The colon absorbs water, "/>
-
The colon absorbs water, ">
-
The colon absorbs water, ">
-
The colon absorbs water,"/>
-
produces mucous, and forms and expels feces
-
produces mucous, and "/>
-
produces mucous, and ">
-
produces mucous, and ">
-
produces mucous, and "/>
-
Mass peristalsis pushes the feces into the rectum , which stimulates the defecation reflex.
-
Mass peristalsis pushes "/>
-
Mass peristalsis pushes ">
-
Mass peristalsis pushes ">
-
Mass peristalsis pushes "/>
-
The same happens with the fetus that breathes and feeds through his mother.
-
The same happens with "/>
-
The same happens with ">
-
The same happens with ">
-
The same happens with "/>
-
The same happens with the fetus that breathes and feeds through his mother.
-
Embryonic and fetal development
-
I'm Not Surprised
-
Not Everything Lasts
-
Have Broken My Heart So Many Times,
-
I Stopped Keepin Track.
-
Talk Myself In
-
I Talk Myself Out
-
I Get All Worked Up
-
Then I Let Myself Down.
-
I Tried So Very Hard Not To Lose It
-
I Came Up With A Million Excuses
-
I Thought I Thought Of Every Possibility
-
And I Now Someday That It'll All Turn Out
-
You'll Make Me Work So We Can Work To Work It Out
-
And I Promise You Kid That I'll Give So Much More Than I Get
-
I Just Haven't Met You Yet
-
I Might Have To Wait
-
I'll Never Give Up
-
I Guess It's Half Time
-
And The Other Half's Luck
-
Wherever You Are
-
Whenever It's Right
-
You Come Out Of Nowhere And Into My Life
-
And I Know That We Can Be So Amazing
-
And Baby Your Love Is Gonna Change Me
-
And Now I Can See Every Possibility
-
And Somehow I Know That Will All Turn Out
-
And You'll Make Me Work So We Can Work To Work It Out
-
And I Promise You Kid I'll Give So Much More Than I Get
-
I Just Haven't Met You Yet
-
They Say All's Fair
-
And In Love And War
-
But I Won't Need To Fight It
-
We'll Get It By It
-
To Be United
-
And I Know That We Can Be So Amazing
-
And Baby Your Love Is Gonna Change Me
-
And Now I Can See Every single Possibility
-
And Someday I Know It'll All Turn Out
-
And I'll Work To Work It Out
-
Promise You Kid I'll Give More Than I Get
-
Than I Get Than I Get han I Get
-
Oh You Know It Will All Turn Out
-
And You'll Make Me Work So We Can Work To Work It Out
-
And I Promise You Kid To Give So Much More Than I Get
-
Yeah I Just Haven't Met You Yet
-
I Just Haven't Met You Yet
-
Oh Promise You Kid
-
To Give So Much More Than I Get
-
I Said Love Love Love Love Love Love Love...
-
I Just Haven't Met You Yet
-
Love Love Love...
-
I Just Haven't Met You Yet
-
Now, to better understand, take this child and put him into a glass box,
-
and give him food and oxygen until the age of 18.
-
You'll notice how he is transforming miraculously.
-
Basically, almost everything that you gave him, is transforming into his body.
-
This is how he looked before. This is how he will look after 18 years.
-
This is what happens when you grow. Practically you are a transformation.
-
But what happens when you die?
-
Death seems and entirely cruel or negative event
-
bringing loss and and breathment ???
-
yet from the very start there is a fundamental link between life and death in our bodies
-
our bodies are built from organized colonies of cells.
-
In fact what we see when we look at our cells are vast communities of cells
-
billions of them.
-
Each one plays a particular role
-
a heart cell, a muscle cell, a brain cell.
-
In an incredible act of harmony and organization, they work together
-
performing the functions of the organs they belong to.
-
From the very start of our lives, this tireless dedication to duty
-
often requires our cells to die.
-
Some cells in the fetus, actually receive signals to self-destruct
-
here the developing hand grows has an enormous bumble of cells.
-
Then cells are systematically destroyed
-
sculpting the finger, and the gaps between
-
in much the same way a sculptor chips away a block of stone.
-
From the very beginning of the humans body's journey
-
death becomes an essential part of life.
-
Under the microscope we can see how cells are destroyed.
-
this process continues throughout our lives.
-
The cells become damaged
-
or just worn out
-
During the course of this program around a billion cells in your body will die.
-
This program shows death keeps us healthy and alive.
-
In this way we can think of death as part of the creative force of life.
-
But do our own deaths play a part in the large human story?
-
Are we like cells in some cosmic machine?
-
Are death so being a greater unseen purpose?
-
Well, sadly not.
-
It's seems that death is the price we pay for having sex.
-
When we have sex we can create new life,
-
but we do not just produce copies of ourselves.
-
Each one of this babies is unique, the result of the particular mix of their parents genes.
-
Through evolution, winning combinations of genes, get passed on from generation to generation.
-
This process, which we call nature selection
-
has speeded up our ability to adapt and evolve.
-
Without sex and the mixing of genes
-
we would never have evolved into such complex organisms.
-
The processes of death in the human body are remarkable.
-
This is what it would look like if you could see the human body cool down over 24 hours.
-
Death comes not as a single quick event
-
but a slow winding down.
-
It's difficult to say when every cell in the body ceases to have life.
-
Long before we start breathing, a brain may die;
-
our personality lost forever.
-
When someone dies, we miss all the things which make them human.
-
Their personality, the unique identity, their emotions and warmth.
-
What is that sense of being, that consciousness which goes?
-
And is there a place in our brain where it can be found?
-
In this experiment we would be able to see the brain at work.
-
A hundred and twenty eight sensors
-
pick up tiny electrical signals
-
emitted as my brain cells fire.
-
This is the pattern produced when I am relaxed.
-
All this activity is simply the result of doing nothing.
-
As soon as I open my eyes, the brain leaps into action.
-
Even the simple task of watching television
-
involves my brain in millions of actions.
-
A single second, stretched into a thousands steps
-
shows swells of activity sweeping all over my head.
-
First the information travels to the back of my brain
-
From there the activity moves through the short term memory areas
-
and then to the front of the brain, the part actually involved in thinking.
-
The question is
-
can we find a single part of the brain that gives me my sense of myself...
-
...that makes me Robert Witston?
-
Well it seems that the brain is just a bit more complicated than that.
-
In fact it appears to work something like an orchestra.
-
There are areas that do different things
-
There are areas that do different things
-
as string section, the conductor, the brass players,
-
but the output, the music if you like
-
isn't just about the areas that work
-
but about the order that they are working.
-
Just as an orchestra can produce an infinite variety of music
-
depending on which instruments play and when
-
so too, the brain can produce limitless results
-
depending on the sequence in which the clusters of brain cells connect.
-
But the brain has more than a hundred musicians making music
-
If you counted the connections between cells, just on the surface
-
it will take you thirty two millions years.
-
this ??? complexity leads scientists to believe
-
it's our brain taken as a whole that creates our counscious self,
-
the self we lose when we die.
-
This is a heart bypass operation
-
While the heart is not moving the surgeon can reroute blood vessels,
-
the part of the heart muscles where clogged arteries are restricting the flow.
-
The bizarre thing is that if I saw somebody in this condition outside of the operating theater
-
I'd think they were dead.
-
He's no pulse, he's not breathing, and heart is not beating at all.
-
Yet in a short time, this patient would be awake
-
and chatting with his family and friends.
-
These days we can't decide that the person is dead
-
just by seeing if their heart has stopped.
-
instead we look to the brain and to one vital part
-
the brain stem.
-
Buried at the back of the head
-
the brain stem is a relic of our ancient past.
-
Millions of years ago this was all the brain our distant ancestors had.
-
They were primitive creatures
-
They were primitive creatures
-
in fact it's still called the reptile brain.
-
Evolution has buried it on the layers of a more complex brain
-
but it's still the foundation of life.
-
It controls our most basic functions
-
keeping our heart beating, breathing
-
regulating blood pressure, and the body's temperature.
-
that's why when the brain stem dies
-
doctors can be certain, that the patient is clinically dead.
-
We find it hard to contemplate our own deaths
-
to imagine that one day we will no longer live in this world.
-
but there is a way in which our bodies continue
-
after we die.
-
The cells in our bodies are made out of atoms which have existed since the start of the universe.
-
they are constantly being exchanged and recycled.
-
so what today are our bodies,
-
were once part of plants, animals, trees
-
indeed other humans.
-
and in the future, well...
-
This journey that each of us takes from birth to death
-
is just one tiny step
-
in a much bigger journey
-
part of an endless repeating cycle, from life to death.
-
Worms will gain weight, plants will grow,
-
your body will turn into other elements of nature.
-
That's the reality.
-
Think about a man eaten by lions. What happens with his body?
-
The same with a chicken eaten by you.
-
It's just like any food.
-
The human body will go into the structure and the development of lions.
-
In fact, this form, the human being, dies, because everything is metamorphosing.
-
What happens after death,
-
is what we observe and if you feel there is something more than that,
-
think about the origin of those thoughts,
-
what motivates them
-
and if there are any facts that support your claim.
-
We can create billions of scenarios about what happens after death but it’s pointless.
-
We need to take responsibility for what we discover.
-
Humans are part of the Universe,
-
we represent a transformation in nature.
-
Our bodies are a collection of atoms that work together to form a specific entity.
-
These atoms can be arranged in different ways to form everything we currently know:
-
from stars to grass,
-
from the universe to micro-organisms;
-
a human being is a collection of atoms
-
arranged in a particular way.
-
We can define the human species as a pattern of arranging atoms.
-
Thus, our individuality is actually represented by electrical signals in our brain,
-
signals that can be created, modified and removed.
-
We can never know what is like to die.
-
But some people have come very close to death
-
only to revive at the final moment to tell the tale.
-
Their near death experiences might offer some insight
-
into what happens in the dying brain.
-
I was in a motorcycle accident in which I suffered...
-
...fractured skull and numerous broken bones in my head
-
I said "God if you are out there", because I was kind of agnostic
-
"you can have me now, because I'm finished, I can't go on."
-
And it was at that point that I felt myself
-
separating from my body and entering into the near death experience.
-
I became aware that I was in a tunnel, there is no other way of describe it,
-
you couldn't see it you could sense it.
-
and then down in the distance I could see this little spec of light
-
which gradually got bigger and bigger
-
which gradually got bigger and bigger
-
as it would if you were in a tunnel and there is light at the end of it.
-
We travel that some great speed in distance through the tunnel
-
and everything that ever was is and will be.
-
We're contained in this ???
-
Nearly all who has come close to death
-
give the same accounts of out of body sensations
-
and tunnels of light.
-
Similar experiences are also reported by fighter pilots
-
when subjected to massive aceleration
-
they lose consciousness.
-
Video tapes are on, flight forming ??? have been secured.
-
Roger, flight deck is manned and ready.
-
This is the world's largest centrifuge.
-
It is used to investigate the effects of high G forces on pilots.
-
Subjects could be spammed so fast that the blood drains from their brain and they blackout.
-
OK, we ready to begin on my mark.
-
3, 2 , 1 , mark.
-
We feel like our investigation of loss of consciousness
-
is about as close as you can get to investigating the next stage which is death.
-
As the subject enters G lock,
-
gravity induced the loss of consciousness, their experiences are recorded.
-
[Subject] I can't think in a damn thing.
-
[On Radio] OK sir, are you lost?
-
[Subject] Sure, I don't know where I am?
-
The sensations is that we have associated with blackout
-
nearly always include the tunneling of the vision
-
down to the central point where you just have light ahead of you.
-
So why do extreme G forces
-
and near death experiences produce the effect of seeing tunnels of light?
-
While the brain is starved for oxygen
-
neurons which deal with vision fire random.
-
neurons which deal with vision fire random.
-
This creates a sensation of bright light.
-
As there are more neurons devoted to the center of our visual field
-
and less at the edges,
-
the light appears to be brightest in the center, creating a tunnel effect.
-
Had I had the choice I would never have wanted to leave.
-
This was just so perfect, so wonderful.
-
Can't describe it was just total
-
love, happiness, bliss, knowledge
-
3...2...1...pressure.
-
Now just try relax. You are 100% alright.
-
I had about 35% loss of consciousness episodes.
-
Nearly all of those has been , they are very pleasent and almost give you a sense of euphoria.
-
The sensation of euphoria, maybe because the brain releases opia like sustances
-
to relieve the acute distress and the pain.
-
This produce hallucinations in the parts of the brain that deal with memories and emotions.
-
this research has certanly allowed me to have
-
a much greater understanding and reduction in the amount of fear associated
-
with losing consciousness and then dying.
-
Now, to show how far from reality most humans are,
-
let's go through the following scenario.
-
You wake up tomorrow in a building with four floors,ten rooms.
-
In the building, many objects, but also food.
-
At first sight it's impossible to exit the building.
-
You have a bomb attached to your left hand,
-
an intelligent one, that will automatically inject a poison into the bloodstream,
-
that will kill you instantly.
-
Trying to cut off your hand and stop blood flow from it will trigger it.
-
Try to remove it from your hand, it activates.
-
On this bomb there is a timer that shows how much time you have left,
-
2 more 'days', after which it will activate.
-
In the building there are one hundred people in the same situation as you.
-
But no-one can see anyone else’s time.
-
They don't think about the situation too much.
-
START.
-
What are you doing?
-
You walk through the building to see how it is?
-
You get to know the people in the building?
-
You look through the window?
-
You see the landscapes, and try to get out of the building?
-
You write music?
-
Poems?
-
Will you imagine how the building would look like, if those people would live more than two days?
-
Would there be enough food for everyone?
-
Would the building become crowded?
-
Will you develop theories about the world after the bomb?
-
What would you do?
-
More than likely most people would try to defuse the bomb,
-
find ways not to die.
-
Well... you are in a similar situation,
-
shocking isn’t it?
-
You wake up tomorrow in a building with four floors,
-
ten rooms.
-
In the building, many objects,
-
but also food.
-
At first sight it's impossible to exit the building.
-
You have a bomb attached to your left hand,
-
an intelligent one, that will automatically inject a poison into the bloodstream,
-
that will kill you instantly.
-
Trying to cut off your hand and stop blood flow from it will trigger it.
-
Try to remove it from your hand, it activates.
-
On this bomb there is a timer that shows how much time you have left,
-
2 more 'days', after which it will activate.
-
In the building there are one hundred people in the same situation as you.
-
But no-one can see anyone else’s time.
-
They don't think about the situation too much.
-
START.
-
What are you doing?
-
You walk through the building to see how it is?
-
You get to know the people in the building?
-
You look through the window?
-
You see the landscapes, and try to get out of the building?
-
You write music?
-
Poems?
-
Will you imagine how the building would look like, if those people would live more than two days?
-
Would there be enough food for everyone?
-
Would the building become crowded?
-
Will you develop theories about the world after the bomb?
-
What would you do?
-
The problem is that you do not realize it,
-
because of the long time between the present and death.
-
It's shocking, it's hilarious, it's amazing, and it's real.
-
It is possible to realize it when you are approaching death,
-
for example the clock changes to show that you only have a few months left to live.
-
And, it's very probable that,
-
if you realize what death actually means,
-
you will enjoy life more
-
Marry Allan use to run the royal opera house
-
now she spend most of her day gardening and trying to write a novel
-
And I used to get up ??? at 5 o'clock in the morning
-
leave the house at 5:30, get to my desk at six
-
Then I'd have 3 hours for anybody else turned up
-
when I can do my reading and my thinking and my writing
-
9 o'clock through till 7 I had meetings.
-
and then at 7 o'clock I had to go out to ??? or a dinner, or some kind of function.
-
[Journalist]You got a chance to look at the flowers?
-
Occasionally, fleetingly
-
very very fleetingly.
-
[Journalist] But on the whole, what would you mostly taken up?
-
[Journalist] But on the whole, what would you mostly taken up?
-
[Marry Allan] Just keeping ??? thing on the road.
-
[I] Remember in february '97 thinking
-
I can't carry on doing this much longer, because I'll turn out to be empty.
-
You know what I do with my life?
-
I think about art spending, art's politics, a bit of art if I'm lucky.
-
I got nothing else in my head I got nothing else I can talk about.
-
[Narrator] In 1999 Marry was diagnosed with breast cancer.
-
She quit the high flying career that it meant so much to her.
-
how did the thought of death changed your values?
-
I think it makes you reassess everything almost instantly and overnight.
-
I think one of the most important things to me was realizing that
-
through all these years that I've been at the Arts Council,
-
and Royal Opera House,
-
I'd hoped that my friends would wait
-
and wouldn't mind the fact that I wasn't spending too much time to them, but I always assumed that
-
time if not infinite it was reasonable amount of it.
-
And that one of the most important thing we've done is to just spend far more time and energy
-
and make more of a commitment to personal relationships, so that's my husband
-
my family, friendhips
-
And what started to matter less?
-
Oh, work.
-
Work, work, suddenly
-
had the status of nothing about
-
providing you with the money to live.
-
[Journalist] Whereas before what it'd been for you?
-
[Mary Ann] Oh, beforehand I think it had been
-
a means through which I could achieve all kinds of subsidiary objectives,
-
like felling good about myself, intelectual stimulus
-
in fact all kind of things that I couldn't provide to myself through other ways.
-
We started filming Herbie
a year after he learnt he had a fatal cancer.
-
[Herbie] The surgeon told Hannelorre
it was very bad.
-
he said is has the size... the tumor had the size of two soccer balls,
-
you know it's very big.
-
And Hannelorre asked him "What do you think? How long he has to live?"
-
And he said to Hannelorre , I don't know how long I have? Half a year or a year?
-
Oh my God never, a couple of months and he's finished.
-
A couple a months ago we created this small garden here
-
and I get from a good friend from Switzerland
-
a couple of roses, planted here
-
because when I die I get cremated
-
and Hannelorre will put this edges after that
-
around this roses that you see here.
-
this is my greatest wish and my will.
-
Where I want to be buried forever.
-
[Hannelorre] OK, are you comfortable there Herbie,
-
[Doctor] Yeah, it's OK so...
-
Herbie, together with Hannelorre has decided to let us film the final moment of his life.
-
I know I never see this film in my life time.
-
[Hannelorre] Now it has spilled out a little bit more here on the top... hasn't it ... over the last week.
-
[Herbie] Yeah
-
I like that everybody see that a human being can manage an illness like my illness.
-
And everybody can see in this film that is a way to make the best for the end of your life.
-
The hospice worker and I we talk were very close together and we trust each other.
-
When I asked her, "What is happened when I go to die, when I have to die?"
-
And he said "Herbie, you don't have to be worried about it"
-
"you'll die painless and in peace"
-
And I 'm not worry about when I die, tomorrow, today or in a couple of months.
-
I know what's coming, and I face it.
-
[Hannelorre] Hi Herbie look who is here
[Herbie] Hello.
-
[Herbie] Hello Dr Murphy.
[Doctor] Good evening, how are you?
-
[Herbie] Nice to see you.
[Doctor] Good to see you always.
-
[Herbie] Ah, yeah.
[Doctor] I can all way here to make you cheered up.
-
[Herbie] Ah, yeah.
[Doctor] I can all way here to make you cheered up.
-
[Herby] Yeah, thank you.
[Doctor] It makes away from ordinary patients.
-
[Doctor] Any complains?
-
[Narrator] The tumor in Herbie's body presses against vital organs, such as the liver and kidneys.
-
[Doctor] That's good Herby, that's lovely; no change.
-
[Narrator] They keep our cells healthy by regulating the delicate chemical balances in the body.
-
[Doctor] Now just show me your pulse Herby. It's very important.
[Herby] Yeah.
-
If these organs fail, the balance is lost,
-
and the body can no longer sustain life.
-
[Doctor] Do you have somebody coming to see you, to visit you? Is your brother coming?
-
[Herbie] My brother's coming yes, tonight.
[Doctor] Tonight?
-
[Doctor] That can be fun
[Herbie] Maybe the last time I see him
-
[Doctor] - Oh I don't, I don't think so. I hope not. But um...
-
[Herbie] Because I feel in myself is close to the end now.
-
[Doctor] You think that?
[Herbie] I feel it yeah.
-
[Doctor] And that doesn't worry you?
[Herbie] No, no, no it doesn't worry me. No.
-
[Herbie] I know it.
[Doctor] I think you are extraordinary, you know you are extraordinary?
-
[Hannelorre] Sunday's his birthday,
[Herbie] Sunday is my birthday on Sunday.
-
[Hannelore] - Yes.
[Doctor] I didn't know that, so what it's your age then?
-
[Herbie] 63
[Doctor] 63
-
[Herby] Yeah
[Doctor] Not a bad age
-
[Herbie]Oh I'm absolute delighted.
-
As I can another springtime, the season's changed now,
-
the weather can be little better, the sun coming out,
-
I'm anywhere, I'm a man, I like the nature, you know? and the flowers
-
the trees when they start to blooming now.
-
But I never know what is tomorrow.
-
Then the tumor in my belly is a time bomb.
-
You know a real time bomb, and I never know what is tomorrow
-
and I enjoy now everyday.
-
I believe when I'm dead, I'm dead,
-
and that's it.
-
There is not other life, there's nothing.
-
When you are dying, you are gone, forever.
-
You can say dust to dust, because dust is what's left, nothing.
-
A handful ash is left.
-
[Hannelorre] Monday, it was just a normal day, we had breakfast together and
-
just like everyday.
-
Then we went to sleep it was everything normal.
-
And at Tuesday morning Herbie called me around five o'clock,
-
and then he said to me, he was very heavy breathing and he was feeling very uncomfortable
-
and then he say to me, "Hannelorre think I die today."
-
[10am Tuesday 8th April.]
-
[Hannelorre] When I talk now to him, you think he can hear me?
-
[Nurse] the hearing is the last thing to go
[Hannelorre] yeah
-
[Nurse] even when they cannot speak,
[Hannelorre] Yeah
-
[Nurse] that's why it's so important to never say anything
-
[Nurse] that you wouldn't say if they were in the full
[Hannelorre] Yeah
-
[Nurse] since because they can't... people who have recovered from being at death's toll
-
[Nurse] have told how they heard every single thing that was said.
[Hannelorre] yeah?
-
[Nurse] Yeah. It's most important never to... you know?
[Hannelorre] Uhm
-
[7pm Thursday]
-
[Hannelorre] Are you OK? (Alles klar? (German))
-
[Hannelorre speaks German]
-
[Nurse] ???
[Hannelorre] Uhm.
-
[Nurse] ???. So marvelous.
[Hannelorre] ???
-
[Man] Herbie wants something. He is reaching there for that, for the holder.
-
[Narrator] In the final hours Herbie receives visits from friends,
-
[Narrator] Brandon and his young daughter Orla come to see him for the last time.
-
Put those into Herby's hands.
-
Hold his hand because he is lovely and warm.
-
[Hannelorre] Hello Orla. How are you?
-
[Brandon] And if I was loaded with morphine I think I'd pretty warm too.
-
[Brandon] And if I was loaded with morphine I think I'd pretty warm too.
-
Herbie hasn't got long for this world I suppose.
-
[Hannelorre] But he hear you. You can speak to him.
-
[Brandon] He has been preparing for this for a long time.
-
[Hannelorre] Sing him the song "From the heather we go all to the mountains"
-
[Brandon] Yeah why not?
[Hannelorre] Yeah please.
-
[Brandon] You know the chorus? Will you go lassie go...
-
[Orla] Yes I do.
[Brandon] OK.
-
Oh the summer time is comin'
-
and the leaves are sweetly bloomin'
-
And the wild mountain thyme
-
grows around the bloomin' heather
-
[Brandon, Orla] Will you go lassie go
-
and we'll all go together
-
To pluck wild mountain thyme
-
all around a bloomin' heather.
-
Will you go lassie go?
-
[Brandon] Last time I walked in here I did the same I'm not gonna be deprived now.
-
Herbie, take care.
-
[Wednesday 9th April]
-
[Hospice worker] Hello Doctor Murphy it's Peggy the nurse of the hospice.
-
I'm with Herbie at the moment. I've just arrived.
-
He is very very rattly at the moment.
-
???
-
[Narrator] By morning Horby's breathing become increasingly noisy.
-
This is a very common condition, it doesn't trouble Herbie
-
and it's easily helped by medication.
-
[Peggy]I don't think he has pain,
[Hannelorre] No no it's not pain...
-
[Hannelorre] It's only this rattling, and this shacking
[Peggy] Shacking yeah
-
[Hannelorre] just came
[Peggy] just started today this morning?
-
[Hannelorre] Yeah, yeah just...
[Peggy] Just before I come in.
-
[Hannelorre] before you came in.
[Peggy] Yeah
-
[Hannelorre] he was shacking like this
[Peggy] Yeah
-
[Hannelorre] And this is this normal,
[Peggy] it happens, it does, yeah.
-
[3:30 pm]
-
[Hannelorre speaks German]
-
die in peace.
-
die in peace.
-
Yeah. Die in peace.
-
[Peggy] Mary. Horbie just died ... yeah.
-
Ok?... Yeah
-
[Hannelorre speaks German]
-
Cause of death is this inoperable huge cancer
that he had,
-
retroperitoneal liposarcoma.
-
His heart gave away, and his lungs failed,
and his liver failed, and his kidneys failed.
-
General failure overall,
-
due to the effect of the cancer over the last one and a half years.
-
It's extraordinary he has lived so long.
-
Afterwards, when they laid him down and
-
he was so peaceful looking, he was so really nice looking and
-
I couldn't cry, I couldn't cry, it was just
-
nice for me it was a relieve, Horbie's is now in peace
-
and everything is over for him.
-
Not for me, but for him.
-
I was happy for him.
-
Oh the summertime is comin',
-
And the leaves are sweetly bloomin',
-
And the wild mountain thyme
-
Grows around the bloomin' heather.
-
Will you go, lassie, go?
-
And we'll all go together.
-
To pluck wild mountain thyme
-
All around the bloomin' heather.
-
Will you go, lassie, go?
-
[Hannelorre] Dear friends, it was Herbie's wish
-
to read his epilogue before we spread the ashes around the roses.
-
In 1981 my wife Hannelorre and I decided to go to live in peace in harmony in Ireland.
-
[Herbie] I can look back on many fulfilling years with her.
-
And I thank her, deeply, for sharing her life with me.
-
My wish is that all my friends and neighbours live together in peace,
-
without jealousy and animosity.
-
May you all hold me in good memory.
-
[Brandon] Will you go lazy go.
-
Just sing of like Herbie with us.
-
And we'll all go together.
-
To plant wild mountain thyme
-
All around the bloomin' heather.
-
Will you go, lassie, go?
-
So they say we have eyes to see with.
-
That makes sense to all normal people.
-
You have eyes and you see if there's light,
-
but you don't have eyes too see with.
-
They think you have ears to hear with.
-
No, you have ears and you hear.
-
In some animals ears turn into the direction of the sound.
-
There's no purpose of life
-
and that's a hard thing to accept
-
people ego
-
think "Fresco is here to help make the world a better place"
-
well, that's pleasing to me
-
but I'm not buying that shit.
-
I know that nature has no purpose.
-
A guy named Spencer, a scientist
-
tried to describe what life was
-
he said life: automatically adjust. if you get very hot, you sweat
-
and cools the body temperature.
-
And if it's cold the body generates heat, you shiver
-
And if it's cold the body generates heat, you shiver
-
it generates heat by friction.
-
So he said, that's what a living thing is.
-
So a guy said to him: "That's exactly what my refrigerator does
-
when it get hot, it get colder automatically"
-
So no one ever really gave a good description of a differences between living and non living things
-
[ Alternative Solutions ]
-
Death is often the result of a process we call aging.
-
Aging a complex but natural process
-
that affects every molecule, every cell , every organ, and ultimatelly your entire body functions
-
and other chronological aging is inevitable unfortunately.
-
Unlocking the secrets to biological aging has perhaps been the ultimate scientific quest
-
for many years.
-
Most recently, scientific research has focused on the way our cells age
-
and how aging impact their function, reproduction and ultimately the lifespan of ourselves.
-
This may help us to better understand the causes
-
and ultimately the potential solutions for key age-related diseases
-
Such as just heart disease and cancer.
-
We've all known on people who look old for their age.
-
Clearly there are genetic factors involved there
-
lifestyle factors, nutritional factors; Tha all effect how we age.
-
but now much as known about these cellular processes that incorporates these various factors,
-
and lead to people aging slowly
-
or more quickly
-
The first way we age is due to DNA damage.
-
Our DNA is under continuous assault.
-
from ionizing radiation, from toxins in the environment
-
and even as a result of just the normal processes of the metabolism.
-
And up to a million DNA damaging assaults occur every single day.
-
And this can result in genetic typos or mistakes in the DNA replication.
-
Now these mutations can accumulate over time eventually causing cells to malfunction
-
and even die prematurely.
-
Our body's though have prepare mechanisms that take care of this DNA damage.
-
however defects in DNA repair seem to be directly related to the aging process.
-
This critical balance between protecting the DNA from damage
-
as well as repairing DNA is an ongoing area of active research.
-
Another process that lead to aging as well as disease,
-
is the activation of genetic regulators
-
which are also known as transcription factors.
-
These impact a multitude of metabolism processes in our bodies,
-
including the dynamic balance between DNA damaging repair
-
also between energy production and decline,
-
and control cells lifespan.
-
Over time the activity of this genetic regulators seems to decline
-
and cumulative cell damage can occur
-
This cumulative of damage contributes to age related cellular deterioration
-
and also contributes to many diseases of aging including cancer,
-
kidney failure and even dementia.
-
The third way that we age is related to cellular structures called mitochondria.
-
which are the ???enter-cellular power plant that transform carbohydrates
-
fats and proteins from the food that you eat into energy that your body can use.
-
But free radicals are also generated in this process
-
which can lead to serious damage to your mitochondria membane
-
as well as to DNA.
-
This ???oxydated damage accumulates over time
-
leading to decreases in both the number of mitochodnria in our cells
-
as well as their function
-
and can contribute to the development of many ???aging-related diseases
-
including heart disease, arthritis and Alzheimer's disease.
-
As we age our proteins and other structural molecules
-
develop damaging crossing to one another through a process called Glycation.
-
Glucose molecules attach to proteins
-
forming what are called Advanced Glycation End Products
-
also known as AGE proteins.
-
The accumulation of this crossing damage proteins
-
are somehow like ??? building up in your arteries.
-
And they are tied to some of the most ???habilitating effects of aging.
-
In fact scientist are theorizing that this age proteins
-
may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis,
-
as well as certain complications of diabetes and chronic kidney failure.
-
Is anti-aging medicine available right now?
-
There are no really effective anti-aging medicine for pharmaceutical development right now.
-
The only thing that really exists
-
are things that may be of some benefit to people who are unusually susceptible to particular aspects of aging.
-
People who for example might becoming down with type 2 diabetes in their thirty.
-
Or who might get heart diseases in their thirties.
-
That's unusually young and if you are genetically susceptible so that's may happen to you
-
then there are things that you can do that might stave that off
-
and bring you closer to having an average age alongside of that problem,
-
and therefore an average lifespan
-
but for people who are already by default got an average lifespan,
-
that they are not gonna die until the age of 80 or wherever happened, unless they get hit by a truck.
-
Then, there is nothing that can ??? extent the life.
-
How relevant are my genes in determining my longevity?
-
Τhere is some misunderstandings in the popular press about
-
the extend to which one's genetics affects one's longevity.
-
and this is very because the
-
comparisons that scientists make to put number on the importance of genes to longevity.
-
Another way they would have explained. ???
-
So if we compare different human beings
-
then they typical number that people get is about 25% of
-
the difference between different people longevity is explained by their genes
-
but in reality, virtually all of our longevity is determined by genes
-
because it also explains the difference between
-
ultimatelly the reason they don't live that long is because they
-
explains the difference between our lifespan and the lifespan of mice our fruit flies or whatever
-
Ultimately the reason the don't live so long is because
-
they have different genes, that would force them to have a different body that ages less well
-
and therefore age is more rapidly.
-
Why has the average human lifespan increased over the last 100 years?
-
At the moment we have in the industrialized world
-
an average lifespan that something around twice it was
-
was a hundred or a hundred and twenty years ago.
-
Which is a pretty respectable increase.
-
And that's happened in two stages.
-
In the first stage from let's say 100 years until 50 years ago,
-
most of the increase in every's lifespan was due to very
-
much fewer people dying in early life
-
especially in infancy.
-
So of course if you measure every's lifespan what are you doing,
-
(is that) you are including people who died at age 0.
-
and there were an awful lot of people dieing in age 0 a hundred or a hundred and fifty years ago,
-
and hardly any now in the industrialized world.
-
But in the second stage, let's say in the past fifty years
-
that problem has already been solved, so we couldn't have any additional gain
-
just ??? in our life expectancy.
-
But life expectancy has carry on going up
-
and therefore extend so by
-
slowing down the rate of which people die at older ages.
-
Now the reason for that is a good deal less clear
-
than the reason for the decline in infant mortality that happened first
-
Of course the infant mortality just declined
-
because we started to understand things like hygiene and antibiotics and vaccines.
-
What happens in the most recent period,
-
we really don't absolutely know what's going on
-
but are various factors that could be involved like for example
-
the factors that people don't smoke quite so much.
-
And there are very interesting factors to do with prenatal life,
-
in otherways to do with how well the baby was actually fed
-
through the blood stream of the mother before birth.
-
It seems to be a good deal of correlation to that.
-
But this are still open questions.
-
Why should we defy aging?
-
Aging kills people, and by large kills people really really horribly.
-
Furthermore it kills an unbelievable number of people, roughly a hundred thousands of people a day worldwide
-
overall in the world roughly 150,000 people die each day
-
and about 2/3 of them die of age-related causes.
-
Of course is that young people more or less never die off.
-
In the industrialized world is more that 90% of people that die of age-related causes.
-
And as I say, most of them really die very horribly, 80 is very bad for you.
-
now that means, that is really bizarre that one should ask the question why should we defy aging.
-
Because we all know that we should defy cancer and asterosclerosis and
-
Alzheimer's and diabetes and so on
-
and there's no argument about it, people appreciate this things as bad ideas, bad things.
-
And it's a medical and social duty and humanitarian duty to put serious athlete
-
into developing effective ways to defeat these problems.
-
Now aging is simply the sum of all of those things,
-
plus a few things we don't call diseases
-
like for example the decline of the immune function, the loss of muscle mass, the gain of fat mass,
-
but still the same applies,
-
it's just the sum of all of this aspects of aging that we really don't like.
-
Will eternal youth be a reality 50 years from now?
-
It's unclear whether we will completely have
-
brought aging under control in fifty years,
-
but I think that if we get good funding
-
especially for the work that needs to be done on mice in the next 10 years,
-
then there is a very good change that we would be there.
-
And if we can describe that as a term of use I suppose
-
the only problem is with the word "eternal" because
-
it certain implies that we won't be even be hit by trucks and so on,
-
but certainly we will be able once we reach that point
-
to send off the decline and health and vigor and vitality that
-
currently accompanies aging.
-
Will people eventually stop dying from old age?
-
We will always have the possibility of dying from old age even when this therapies exist,
-
just as today we have the possibility of dying of polio or tuberculosis.
-
But we will not have the necessity of dying of old age
-
because these therapies would be able to postpone
-
the accumulating molecular and cellular damage of aging
-
indefinitelly, just in the same way that
-
classic cars do not actually die at all. They don't have a mortality rate.
-
The only time a classic car dies, so to speak, if it's owner stop looking after it.
-
What role does government play in the study of aging?
-
The role of government in working on combating aging has so far being very slight.
-
And I think within there is a surprise, ???
-
because at the moment there is of course still a grade of ambivalence in society with regard to whether
-
defeating aging or combating aging would be a good thing.
-
People on the one hand know how horrible aging is but on the other hand
-
they have had to live with it. There are so many millennia
-
they have had to live with it. There are so many millennia
-
through the whole civilization that we've come to have a degree of irrationallity about aging and so
-
it's not obvious that there are really any votes
-
in combating aging at the moment, in spending tax and more money on it.
-
And for that reason is pretty tricky to get government to put serious money into it.
-
What types of organizations support anti-aging studies?
-
At the moment there are not nearly enough organizations out there supporting work to actually combat aging
-
The Foundation that I run the Methuselah Foundation,
-
in which I'm the chairman and the chief science office there,
-
it's probably the main one that
-
really focusing on the development of future therapies that will really combat aging.
-
There are of course plenty of studies going on around the world
-
which are more indirectly focus on the eventual
-
hopeful development of anti-aging therapies
-
Essentially all work bio-gerontology within the study of understanding aging,
-
it's with an eventual hope that our understanding will lead us to be able to develop future therapies.
-
But that's a much most indirectly approach than the approach that the Methuselah Foundation is taking.
-
Then of course there are people who sell existing products that
-
they don't work very well at all yet
-
and who are interesting in improving the efficacy of those products by finding better ways to do things.
-
So there are some companies for example trying to find analogs of ???
-
that work ??? and some people thinks those things might be effective against human aging.
-
Remove as many factors that can endanger the lives of human beings,
-
focusing on individual health, and then, dealing with aging.
-
In a system like the monetary system,
-
a solution for aging can't help the species,
-
because it will have a price and only people with power will have access to it.
-
Because our society is based on profit,
-
this solution will become a business.
-
Almost all the research done in this field is limited by the system itself,
-
which is based on budgets.
-
It's sad, but true.
-
A progressive society, based on the evolution of the human race,
-
would focus on education.
-
A society where people would recognize themselves as equals,
-
where people would understand that they rely on planetary resources.
-
Such a society could nurture intelligence,
-
where people would focus on solving the aging problem,
-
or educating each other on the most important aspect of their existence.
-
It's amazing how, for a species considered to be intelligent,
-
it's members don't address their most fatal problem,
-
death.
-
Humans not only ignore death,
-
which is probably the most important aspect of their lives,
-
but the majority of them don’t even realize it is a problem.
-
Why are we considered an intelligent species
-
if we are still, so ignorant?