Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia
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0:08 - 0:10Thank you very much.
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0:10 - 0:13When I was a boy,
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0:13 - 0:15my parents would sometimes
take me camping in California. -
0:15 - 0:19We would camp in the beaches,
in the forests, in the deserts. -
0:20 - 0:22Some people think the deserts
are empty of life -
0:22 - 0:25but my parents taught me
to see the wildlife all around us: -
0:25 - 0:29the hawks, the eagles, the tortoises.
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0:29 - 0:31One time when we were setting up camp,
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0:31 - 0:34we found a baby scorpion
with its stinger out, -
0:34 - 0:36and I remember thinking how cool it was
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0:36 - 0:40that something could be
both so cute and also so dangerous. -
0:42 - 0:44After college, I moved to California
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0:44 - 0:46and I started working on a number
of environmental campaigns, -
0:46 - 0:50I got involved in helping to save
the state's last ancient redwood forests -
0:50 - 0:56and blocking a proposed radioactive
waste repository set for the desert. -
0:56 - 0:57Shortly after I turned 30,
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0:57 - 1:00I decided I wanted to dedicate
a significant amount of my life -
1:00 - 1:02to solving climate change.
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1:02 - 1:06I was worried that global warming
would end up destroying -
1:06 - 1:07many of the natural environments
-
1:07 - 1:10that people had worked
so hard to protect. -
1:10 - 1:13I thought the technical solutions
were pretty straightforward - -
1:13 - 1:16Solar panels on every roof,
electric car in the driveway - -
1:16 - 1:18that the main obstacles were political.
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1:18 - 1:21And so I helped to organize a coalition
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1:21 - 1:25of the country's biggest labor unions
and biggest environmental groups. -
1:25 - 1:30Our proposal was for a 300 billion
dollar investment in renewables. -
1:30 - 1:33And the idea was not only
would we prevent climate change, -
1:33 - 1:36but we would also create
millions of new jobs -
1:36 - 1:38in a very fast-growing high-tech sector.
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1:39 - 1:41Our efforts really paid off in 2007,
-
1:41 - 1:46when then-presidential candidate
Barack Obama embraced our vision. -
1:46 - 1:51And between 2009 and 2015,
the US invested 150 billion dollars -
1:51 - 1:54in renewables and other
kinds of clean tech. -
1:55 - 1:58but right away we started
to encounter some problems. -
1:58 - 2:01So first of all, the electricity from solar rooftops
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2:01 - 2:05ends up costing about twice as much
as the electricity from solar farms. -
2:05 - 2:08And both solar farms and wind farms
require covering a pretty significant -
2:08 - 2:12amount of land with solar panels
and wind turbines -
2:12 - 2:14and also building very big transit
lines to bring all that electricity lines -
2:14 - 2:18to bring all that electricity
from the countryside into the city. -
2:18 - 2:23Both of those things were often very
strongly resisted by local communities, -
2:23 - 2:25as well as by conservation biologists
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2:25 - 2:30who were concerned about the impacts
on wild bird species and other animals. -
2:31 - 2:33Now, there was a lot of other people
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2:33 - 2:35working on technical
solutions at the time. -
2:35 - 2:37One of the big challenges, of course,
-
2:37 - 2:39is just the intermittency
of solar and wind -
2:39 - 2:42they only generate electricity
about 10 to 30 percent of the time -
2:42 - 2:44during most of year.
-
2:44 - 2:47but some of the solutions
that were being proposed -
2:47 - 2:50were to convert hydroelectric
dams into gigantic batteries. -
2:50 - 2:52the idea was that when the Sun
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2:52 - 2:54was shining and the wind was blowing you
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2:54 - 2:56would pump the water uphill store it for
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2:56 - 2:57later and then when you needed
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2:57 - 3:01electricity run it over the turbines in
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3:01 - 3:03terms of Wildlife some of these problems
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3:03 - 3:04just didn't seem like a significant
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3:04 - 3:06concern so when I learned that house
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3:06 - 3:09cats kill billions of birds every year
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3:09 - 3:11it put into perspective the hundreds of
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3:11 - 3:13thousands of birds rather that are
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3:13 - 3:15killed by wind turbines it basically
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3:15 - 3:18seemed to me at the time that most if
-
3:18 - 3:19not all of the problems of scaling up
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3:19 - 3:21solar and wind could be solved through
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3:21 - 3:25more technological innovation but as the
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3:25 - 3:28years went by these problems persisted
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3:28 - 3:30and in many cases grew worse so
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3:30 - 3:32California is a state that's really
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3:32 - 3:34committed to renewable energy but we
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3:34 - 3:36still haven't converted many of our
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3:36 - 3:38hydroelectric dams into big batteries
-
3:38 - 3:41some of the problems are just Geographic
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3:41 - 3:42it's just you have to have a very
-
3:42 - 3:44particular kind of formation to be able
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3:44 - 3:46to do that and even in those cases it's
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3:46 - 3:48quite expensive to make those
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3:48 - 3:50conversions other challenges are just
-
3:50 - 3:52that there's other uses for water like
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3:52 - 3:55irrigation and maybe this is the most
-
3:55 - 3:57significant problem is just that in
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3:57 - 4:00California the water in our rivers and
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4:00 - 4:02reservoirs is growing increasingly
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4:02 - 4:04scarce and unreliable due to climate
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4:04 - 4:06change in terms of this issue of
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4:06 - 4:07reliability
-
4:07 - 4:10as a consequence of it we've actually
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4:10 - 4:12had to stop the electricity coming from
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4:12 - 4:14the solar farms into the cities because
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4:14 - 4:16there's just been too much of it at
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4:16 - 4:18times or we've been starting to pay our
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4:18 - 4:21neighboring states like Arizona to take
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4:21 - 4:23that solar electricity the alternative
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4:23 - 4:25is to suffer from blowouts of the grid
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4:25 - 4:28and it turns out that
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4:28 - 4:32when it comes to birds and cats cats
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4:32 - 4:35don't kill Eagles Eagles kill cats what
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4:35 - 4:39cats kill are the small common sparrows
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4:39 - 4:41and Jay's and Robins birds that are not
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4:41 - 4:44endangered and not at risk of going
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4:44 - 4:47extinct what what do kill Eagles and
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4:47 - 4:50other big birds like this kite as well
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4:50 - 4:52as owls and condors and other threatened
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4:52 - 4:55and endangered species are wind turbines
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4:55 - 4:56in fact they're one of the most
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4:56 - 4:58significant threats to those big bird
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4:58 - 5:01species that we have we just haven't
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5:01 - 5:03been introducing the airspace with many
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5:03 - 5:05other objects like we have wind turbines
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5:05 - 5:08over the last several years and in terms
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5:08 - 5:11of solar you know building a solar farm
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5:11 - 5:13is a lot like building any other kind of
-
5:13 - 5:15farm you have to clear the whole area of
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5:15 - 5:16Wildlife
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5:16 - 5:20so this is a picture of one third of one
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5:20 - 5:22of the biggest solar farms in California
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5:22 - 5:24called Ivanpah in order to build this
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5:24 - 5:26they had to clear the whole area of
-
5:26 - 5:28desert tortoises literally pulling
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5:28 - 5:31desert tortoises and their babies out of
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5:31 - 5:33burrows putting them on the back of
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5:33 - 5:34pickup trucks and transporting them to
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5:34 - 5:37captivity where many of them ended up
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5:37 - 5:38dying and currently the current
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5:38 - 5:41estimates are that about 6,000 birds are
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5:41 - 5:43killed every year actually catching on
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5:43 - 5:45fire above the solar farm and plunging
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5:45 - 5:48to their deaths over time it gradually
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5:48 - 5:50struck me that there was really no
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5:50 - 5:52amount of technological innovation that
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5:52 - 5:55was gonna make the sunshine more
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5:55 - 5:58regularly or wind blow more reliably in
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5:58 - 6:00fact nothing could you could make solar
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6:00 - 6:02panels cheaper you could make wind
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6:02 - 6:04turbines bigger but sunlight and wind
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6:04 - 6:06are just really dilute fuels and in
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6:06 - 6:08order to produce significant amounts of
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6:08 - 6:09electricity
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6:09 - 6:12you just have to cover a very large land
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6:12 - 6:15mass with them in other words all of the
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6:15 - 6:17major problems with renewables aren't
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6:17 - 6:20technical they're natural well dealing
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6:20 - 6:23with all of this unreliability and the
-
6:23 - 6:24big environmental impacts obviously
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6:24 - 6:27comes at a pretty high economic cost you
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6:27 - 6:28know we've been hearing a lot about how
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6:28 - 6:30solar panels and wind turbines have come
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6:30 - 6:32down in cost in recent years but that
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6:32 - 6:35cost has been significantly outweighed
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6:35 - 6:37by just the challenges of integrating
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6:37 - 6:39all of that unreliable power onto the
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6:39 - 6:41grid just take for instance what's
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6:41 - 6:42happening
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6:42 - 6:44or Nia at the period in which solar
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6:44 - 6:46panels have come down in price very
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6:46 - 6:48significantly same with wind we've seen
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6:48 - 6:50our electricity prices go up five times
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6:50 - 6:52more than the rest of the country and
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6:52 - 6:55it's not unique to us you can see the
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6:55 - 6:57same phenomenon happened in Germany
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6:57 - 6:58which is really the world's leader in
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6:58 - 7:00solar wind and other renewable
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7:00 - 7:03technologies their prices increased 50
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7:03 - 7:05percent during their big renewable
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7:05 - 7:07energy push now you might think well
-
7:07 - 7:09dealing with climate change is just
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7:09 - 7:11going to require that we all pay more
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7:11 - 7:13for energy that's what I used to think
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7:13 - 7:16but consider the case of France France
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7:16 - 7:18actually gets twice as much of its
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7:18 - 7:20electricity from clean zero emission
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7:20 - 7:23sources than does Germany and yet France
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7:23 - 7:26pays half as much almost half as much
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7:26 - 7:29for its electricity how can that be well
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7:29 - 7:30you might have already anticipated the
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7:30 - 7:32answer France gets most of its
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7:32 - 7:34electricity from nuclear power
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7:34 - 7:37about 75% in total and nuclear just ends
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7:37 - 7:39up being a lot more reliable generating
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7:39 - 7:42power 24 hours a day seven days a week
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7:42 - 7:45for about 90% of the year we see this
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7:45 - 7:48phenomenon show up at a global level so
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7:48 - 7:49for example there's been a natural
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7:49 - 7:51experiment over the last 40 years even
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7:51 - 7:53more than that or in terms of the
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7:53 - 7:55deployment of nuclear and the deployment
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7:55 - 7:58of solar you can see that at a little
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7:58 - 8:00bit higher cost we got about half as
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8:00 - 8:02much electricity from solar and wind
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8:02 - 8:07than we did from nuclear well what does
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8:07 - 8:09all this mean for going forward I think
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8:09 - 8:11one of the most significant findings to
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8:11 - 8:14date is this one had Germany spent five
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8:14 - 8:15hundred eighty billion dollars on
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8:15 - 8:17nuclear instead of renewables it would
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8:17 - 8:20already be getting a hundred percent of
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8:20 - 8:21its end of its electricity from clean
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8:21 - 8:24energy sources and all of its
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8:24 - 8:26transportation energy now I think you
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8:26 - 8:28might be wondering and it's quite
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8:28 - 8:30reasonable to ask is nuclear power safe
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8:30 - 8:32and what do you do with the waste well
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8:32 - 8:34those are very reasonable questions
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8:34 - 8:36turns out that there's been scientific
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8:36 - 8:39studies on this going over 40 years this
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8:39 - 8:40is just the most recent study that was
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8:40 - 8:42done by the prestigious British Medical
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8:42 - 8:44Journal Lancet finds that nuclear power
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8:44 - 8:47is the safest it's easy to understand
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8:47 - 8:49why according to the World Health
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8:49 - 8:51Organization about 7 million people die
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8:51 - 8:54annually from air pollution and nuclear
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8:54 - 8:56plants don't emit that as a result the
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8:56 - 8:57climate scientist James Hansen looked at
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8:57 - 8:59and he calculated that nuclear power has
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8:59 - 9:02already saved almost two million lives
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9:02 - 9:04to date it turns out that even wind
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9:04 - 9:07energy is more deadly than nuclear this
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9:07 - 9:10is a photograph taken of two maintenance
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9:10 - 9:12workers in the Netherlands
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9:12 - 9:14shortly before one of them fell to his
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9:14 - 9:16death to avoid the fire and the other
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9:16 - 9:17one was engulfed in flames
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9:17 - 9:20now what about environmental impact well
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9:20 - 9:22I think a really easy way to think about
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9:22 - 9:24it is that uranium fuel which is what we
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9:24 - 9:26use to power nuclear plants is just
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9:26 - 9:28really energy dense about his mouth
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9:28 - 9:30about the same amount of uranium as this
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9:30 - 9:33is this Rubik's Cube can power all of
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9:33 - 9:35the energy that you need in your entire
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9:35 - 9:35life
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9:35 - 9:39as a consequence you just don't need
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9:39 - 9:41that much land in order to produce a
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9:41 - 9:43significant amount of electricity here
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9:43 - 9:45you can compare the solar farm I just
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9:45 - 9:47described Ivanpah to California's last
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9:47 - 9:51nuclear plant Diablo Canyon it takes 450
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9:51 - 9:53times more land to generate the same
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9:53 - 9:55amount of electricity as it does from
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9:55 - 9:57nuclear you would need 17 more solar
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9:57 - 10:00farms like Ivanpah in order to generate
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10:00 - 10:02the same output as Diablo Canyon and of
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10:02 - 10:06course it would then be unreliable well
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10:06 - 10:08what about the mining and the waste and
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10:08 - 10:10the material throughput well this has
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10:10 - 10:12been studied pretty closely as well and
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10:12 - 10:14it just turns out that solar panels
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10:14 - 10:16require 17 times more materials than
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10:16 - 10:19nuclear plants do in the form of cement
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10:19 - 10:21glass concrete steel and that includes
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10:21 - 10:23all the fuel used for those nuclear
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10:23 - 10:25plants the consequence is that what
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10:25 - 10:28comes out at the end since its material
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10:28 - 10:30throughput is just not a lot of waste
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10:30 - 10:33from nuclear all of the waste from the
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10:33 - 10:35Swiss nuclear program fits into this
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10:35 - 10:37room nuclear waste is actually the only
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10:37 - 10:39waste from electricity production
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10:39 - 10:41that's safely contained and internalized
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10:41 - 10:43every other way of making electricity
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10:43 - 10:45emits that waste into the natural
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10:45 - 10:48environment either as pollution or as
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10:48 - 10:51material waste we tend to think of solar
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10:51 - 10:53panels as clean but the truth is is that
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10:53 - 10:55there is no plan to deal with solar
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10:55 - 10:58panels at the end of their 20 or 25 year
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10:58 - 11:00life a lot of experts are actually very
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11:00 - 11:02concerned that solar panels are just
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11:02 - 11:04going to be shipped to poor countries in
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11:04 - 11:06Africa or Asia with the rest of our
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11:06 - 11:07electronic way
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11:07 - 11:11stream to be disassembled often exposing
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11:11 - 11:13people to really high levels of toxic of
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11:13 - 11:16toxic elements including lead cadmium
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11:16 - 11:18and chromium elements that because their
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11:18 - 11:21elements their toxicity never declines
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11:21 - 11:23over time I think we have an intuitive
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11:23 - 11:26sense that nuclear is a really powerful
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11:26 - 11:28strong energy source and that sunlight
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11:28 - 11:31is really dilute and diffuse and weak
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11:31 - 11:33which is why you have to spread solar
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11:33 - 11:35collectors or wind collectors over such
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11:35 - 11:38a large amount of land maybe that's why
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11:38 - 11:41nobody was surprised when in the recent
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11:41 - 11:43science-fiction remake of Blade Runner
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11:43 - 11:46the film opens a very dark dystopian
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11:46 - 11:48scene where California's deserts have
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11:48 - 11:52been entirely paved with solar farms all
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11:52 - 11:54of which I think raises a really
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11:54 - 11:57uncomfortable question in the effort to
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11:57 - 11:59try to save the climate are we
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11:59 - 12:02destroying the environment well the
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12:02 - 12:04interesting thing is that over the last
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12:04 - 12:06several hundred years human beings have
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12:06 - 12:07actually been trying to move away from
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12:07 - 12:09what you would consider matter dense
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12:09 - 12:12fuels towards energy dense ones that
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12:12 - 12:14means really from wood and dung towards
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12:14 - 12:17coal oil natural gas uranium this is a
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12:17 - 12:18phenomenon that's been going on for a
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12:18 - 12:20long time poor countries around the
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12:20 - 12:22world are in the process still of moving
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12:22 - 12:24away from wood and dung as their primary
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12:24 - 12:26energies and for the most part this is a
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12:26 - 12:30positive thing as you stop using wood as
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12:30 - 12:32your major source of fuel it allows the
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12:32 - 12:35forests to grow back and the wildlife to
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12:35 - 12:36return as you stop burning wood in your
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12:36 - 12:38home you don't you no longer need to
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12:38 - 12:41breathe that toxic smoke and as you go
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12:41 - 12:44from coal to natural gas and uranium is
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12:44 - 12:46your main sources of energy it holds out
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12:46 - 12:48the possibility of basically eliminating
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12:48 - 12:51air pollution altogether there's just
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12:51 - 12:53this problem with nuclear well it's been
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12:53 - 12:55pretty popular to move from dirtier to
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12:55 - 12:57cleaner energy sources from energy
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12:57 - 13:00diffuse to energy dense sources nuclear
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13:00 - 13:02is just really unpopular for a bunch of
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13:02 - 13:05historical reasons and as a consequence
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13:05 - 13:07in the past I and I think a lot of
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13:07 - 13:10others have sort of said well in order
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13:10 - 13:11to deal with climate change we're just
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13:11 - 13:13going to need all the different kinds of
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13:13 - 13:15clean energy that we have the problem is
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13:15 - 13:17is that just turns out not to be true
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13:17 - 13:20you remember I discussed France a little
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13:20 - 13:21bit ago France
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13:21 - 13:22gets most of its electricity from
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13:22 - 13:24nuclear if France were to try to
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13:24 - 13:27significantly scale up solar and wind it
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13:27 - 13:29would also have to significantly reduce
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13:29 - 13:31how much electricity it gets from
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13:31 - 13:33nuclear that's because in order to
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13:33 - 13:36handle the huge variability of solar and
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13:36 - 13:38wind on the grid they would need to burn
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13:38 - 13:40more natural gas think of it this way
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13:40 - 13:42it's just really hard to ramp up and
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13:42 - 13:44down a nuclear plant whereas I think
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13:44 - 13:46we're all pretty familiar with turning
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13:46 - 13:48the natural gas up and down on our stove
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13:48 - 13:50a similar process works in managing the
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13:50 - 13:53grid of course goes without saying that
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13:53 - 13:55oil and gas companies understand this
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13:55 - 13:57pretty well which is why we've seen them
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13:57 - 13:59invest millions of dollars in recent
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13:59 - 14:03years in promoting solar and wind this
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14:03 - 14:06just raises I think another challenging
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14:06 - 14:08question which is that in places that
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14:08 - 14:10are using a lot of nuclear have grids
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14:10 - 14:14that are mostly nuclear and hydro going
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14:14 - 14:16towards solar and wind and other
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14:16 - 14:18renewables would actually increase
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14:18 - 14:20carbon emissions I think a better
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14:20 - 14:22alternative is just to tell the truth
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14:22 - 14:23and that's what a number of scientists
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14:23 - 14:26have been doing I mentioned earlier that
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14:26 - 14:28hundreds of thousands of birds are
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14:28 - 14:29killed every year by wind turbines but I
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14:29 - 14:32didn't mention is that a million bats at
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14:32 - 14:34a minimum are killed every year by wind
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14:34 - 14:36the consequence has been that bad
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14:36 - 14:37scientists have been speaking out about
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14:37 - 14:40this this particular bat species the
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14:40 - 14:42hoary bat which is a migratory bat
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14:42 - 14:45species is literally at risk of going
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14:45 - 14:46extinct right now because of the
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14:46 - 14:49significant expansion of wind it's not
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14:49 - 14:52just wind it's also on solar the
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14:52 - 14:54scientists who were involved in creating
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14:54 - 14:56the Ivanpah solar farm who involved in
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14:56 - 14:58clearing that land have been speaking
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14:58 - 15:01out one of them wrote everybody knows
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15:01 - 15:03that translocation of desert tortoises
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15:03 - 15:05doesn't work when you're walking in
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15:05 - 15:07front of a bulldozer or crying and
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15:07 - 15:09moving animals and cacti out of the way
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15:09 - 15:11it's hard to think that the project is a
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15:11 - 15:13good idea and now we can see these
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15:13 - 15:17phenomena at work at an international
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15:17 - 15:18level in my home state of California
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15:18 - 15:20we've been stuffing a lot of natural gas
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15:20 - 15:22into the side of a mountain in order to
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15:22 - 15:24handle all that intermittent solar and
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15:24 - 15:24wind
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15:24 - 15:26it's sprung a leak it was equivalent to
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15:26 - 15:28putting 500,000 cars on the road and
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15:28 - 15:31currently in Germany there's protesters
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15:31 - 15:33trying to block a new coal mining
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15:33 - 15:34project
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15:34 - 15:36that would involve destroying the
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15:36 - 15:39ancient Han back forest in order to get
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15:39 - 15:41to the coal underneath all in an effort
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15:41 - 15:43to phase out nuclear and expand solar
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15:43 - 15:46and wind the good news is is that I
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15:46 - 15:49think that people still care about
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15:49 - 15:50nature enough for these facts to matter
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15:50 - 15:53we saw last year in South Korea a
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15:53 - 15:55citizen's jury deliberated for several
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15:55 - 15:57months weighing these different issues
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15:57 - 15:59they had to decide whether they were
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15:59 - 16:02going to phase out nuclear or keep it
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16:02 - 16:04and expanded they started out 40 percent
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16:04 - 16:07in favor of expanding nuclear but after
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16:07 - 16:08several months and considering these
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16:08 - 16:10issues they ended up voting 60 percent
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16:10 - 16:13to expand nuclear a similar phenomena
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16:13 - 16:15just happened last week in Arizona the
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16:15 - 16:17voters had a ballot initiative that to
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16:17 - 16:19vote on whether or not to continue with
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16:19 - 16:21nuclear or to phase it out and try to
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16:21 - 16:23replace it with natural gas and solar
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16:23 - 16:26they ended up rejecting at 70 to 30 and
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16:26 - 16:28even here in Europe we saw the
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16:28 - 16:30Netherlands is that one of the first
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16:30 - 16:33countries in recent memory to actually
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16:33 - 16:35announce as they did last week that
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16:35 - 16:36they're going to start to they're gonna
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16:36 - 16:38start to increase their reliance on
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16:38 - 16:40nuclear power in recognition that
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16:40 - 16:41there's just no way they could generate
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16:41 - 16:43significant amounts of energy enough
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16:43 - 16:45from solar and wind to meet their
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16:45 - 16:47climate targets I think it's natural
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16:47 - 16:50that those of us that became very
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16:50 - 16:51concerned about climate change such a
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16:51 - 16:53big environmental issue would gravitate
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16:53 - 16:57towards really romantic solutions like
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16:57 - 16:59harmonizing human civilization with the
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16:59 - 17:01natural world using renewable energies
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17:01 - 17:03but I think it's also understandable
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17:03 - 17:06that as the facts have come in that many
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17:06 - 17:08of us have started to question our prior
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17:08 - 17:10beliefs and change our minds for me the
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17:10 - 17:14question now is now that we know that
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17:14 - 17:17renewables can't save the planet are we
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17:17 - 17:19going to keep letting them destroy it
-
17:19 - 17:26thank you very much
- Title:
- Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia
- Description:
-
Environmentalists have long promoted renewable energy sources like solar panels and wind farms to save the climate. But what about when those technologies destroy the environment? In this provocative talk, Time Magazine “Hero of the Environment” and energy expert, Michael Shellenberger explains why solar and wind farms require so much land for mining and energy production, and an alternative path to saving both the climate and the natural environment. Michael Shellenberger is a Time Magazine Hero of the Environment and President of Environmental Progress, a research and policy organization. A lifelong environmentalist, Michael changed his mind about nuclear energy and has helped save enough nuclear reactors to prevent an increase in carbon emissions equivalent to adding more than 10 million cars to the road. He lives in Berkeley, California. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 17:33
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Peter van de Ven edited English subtitles for Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia | |
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Peter van de Ven edited English subtitles for Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia | |
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Peter van de Ven approved English subtitles for Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia | |
![]() |
Peter van de Ven accepted English subtitles for Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia | |
![]() |
Peter van de Ven edited English subtitles for Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia | |
![]() |
Peter van de Ven edited English subtitles for Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia | |
![]() |
Peter van de Ven edited English subtitles for Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia | |
![]() |
Peter van de Ven rejected English subtitles for Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia |