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Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia

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    Thank you very much.
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    When I was a boy,
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    my parents would sometimes
    take me camping in California.
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    We would camp in the beaches,
    in the forests, in the deserts.
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    Some people think the deserts
    are empty of life
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    but my parents taught me
    to see the wildlife all around us:
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    the hawks, the eagles, the tortoises.
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    One time when we were setting up camp,
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    we found a baby scorpion
    with its stinger out,
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    and I remember thinking how cool it was
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    that something could be
    both so cute and also so dangerous.
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    After college, I moved to California
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    and I started working on a number
    of environmental campaigns,
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    I got involved in helping to save
    the state's last ancient redwood forests
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    and blocking a proposed radioactive
    waste repository set for the desert.
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    Shortly after I turned 30,
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    I decided I wanted to dedicate
    a significant amount of my life
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    to solving climate change.
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    I was worried that global warming
    would end up destroying
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    many of the natural environments
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    that people had worked
    so hard to protect.
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    I thought the technical solutions
    were pretty straightforward -
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    Solar panels on every roof,
    electric car in the driveway -
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    that the main obstacles were political.
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    And so I helped to organize a coalition
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    of the country's biggest labor unions
    and biggest environmental groups.
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    Our proposal was for a 300 billion
    dollar investment in renewables.
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    And the idea was not only
    would we prevent climate change,
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    but we would also create
    millions of new jobs
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    in a very fast-growing high-tech sector.
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    Our efforts really paid off in 2007,
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    when then-presidential candidate
    Barack Obama embraced our vision.
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    And between 2009 and 2015,
    the US invested 150 billion dollars
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    in renewables and other
    kinds of clean tech.
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    but right away we started
    to encounter some problems.
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    So first of all, the electricity from solar rooftops
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    ends up costing about twice as much
    as the electricity from solar farms.
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    And both solar farms and wind farms
    require covering a pretty significant
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    amount of land with solar panels
    and wind turbines
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    and also building very big transit
    lines to bring all that electricity lines
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    to bring all that electricity
    from the countryside into the city.
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    Both of those things were often very
    strongly resisted by local communities,
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    as well as by conservation biologists
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    who were concerned about the impacts
    on wild bird species and other animals.
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    Now, there was a lot of other people
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    working on technical
    solutions at the time.
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    One of the big challenges, of course,
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    is just the intermittency
    of solar and wind
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    they only generate electricity
    about 10 to 30 percent of the time
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    during most of year.
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    but some of the solutions
    that were being proposed
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    were to convert hydroelectric
    dams into gigantic batteries.
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    the idea was that when the Sun
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    was shining and the wind was blowing you
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    would pump the water uphill store it for
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    later and then when you needed
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    electricity run it over the turbines in
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    terms of Wildlife some of these problems
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    just didn't seem like a significant
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    concern so when I learned that house
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    cats kill billions of birds every year
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    it put into perspective the hundreds of
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    thousands of birds rather that are
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    killed by wind turbines it basically
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    seemed to me at the time that most if
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    not all of the problems of scaling up
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    solar and wind could be solved through
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    more technological innovation but as the
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    years went by these problems persisted
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    and in many cases grew worse so
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    California is a state that's really
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    committed to renewable energy but we
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    still haven't converted many of our
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    hydroelectric dams into big batteries
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    some of the problems are just Geographic
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    it's just you have to have a very
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    particular kind of formation to be able
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    to do that and even in those cases it's
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    quite expensive to make those
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    conversions other challenges are just
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    that there's other uses for water like
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    irrigation and maybe this is the most
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    significant problem is just that in
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    California the water in our rivers and
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    reservoirs is growing increasingly
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    scarce and unreliable due to climate
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    change in terms of this issue of
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    reliability
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    as a consequence of it we've actually
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    had to stop the electricity coming from
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    the solar farms into the cities because
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    there's just been too much of it at
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    times or we've been starting to pay our
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    neighboring states like Arizona to take
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    that solar electricity the alternative
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    is to suffer from blowouts of the grid
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    and it turns out that
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    when it comes to birds and cats cats
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    don't kill Eagles Eagles kill cats what
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    cats kill are the small common sparrows
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    and Jay's and Robins birds that are not
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    endangered and not at risk of going
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    extinct what what do kill Eagles and
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    other big birds like this kite as well
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    as owls and condors and other threatened
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    and endangered species are wind turbines
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    in fact they're one of the most
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    significant threats to those big bird
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    species that we have we just haven't
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    been introducing the airspace with many
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    other objects like we have wind turbines
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    over the last several years and in terms
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    of solar you know building a solar farm
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    is a lot like building any other kind of
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    farm you have to clear the whole area of
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    Wildlife
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    so this is a picture of one third of one
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    of the biggest solar farms in California
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    called Ivanpah in order to build this
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    they had to clear the whole area of
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    desert tortoises literally pulling
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    desert tortoises and their babies out of
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    burrows putting them on the back of
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    pickup trucks and transporting them to
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    captivity where many of them ended up
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    dying and currently the current
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    estimates are that about 6,000 birds are
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    killed every year actually catching on
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    fire above the solar farm and plunging
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    to their deaths over time it gradually
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    struck me that there was really no
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    amount of technological innovation that
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    was gonna make the sunshine more
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    regularly or wind blow more reliably in
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    fact nothing could you could make solar
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    panels cheaper you could make wind
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    turbines bigger but sunlight and wind
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    are just really dilute fuels and in
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    order to produce significant amounts of
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    electricity
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    you just have to cover a very large land
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    mass with them in other words all of the
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    major problems with renewables aren't
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    technical they're natural well dealing
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    with all of this unreliability and the
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    big environmental impacts obviously
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    comes at a pretty high economic cost you
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    know we've been hearing a lot about how
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    solar panels and wind turbines have come
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    down in cost in recent years but that
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    cost has been significantly outweighed
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    by just the challenges of integrating
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    all of that unreliable power onto the
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    grid just take for instance what's
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    happening
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    or Nia at the period in which solar
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    panels have come down in price very
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    significantly same with wind we've seen
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    our electricity prices go up five times
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    more than the rest of the country and
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    it's not unique to us you can see the
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    same phenomenon happened in Germany
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    which is really the world's leader in
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    solar wind and other renewable
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    technologies their prices increased 50
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    percent during their big renewable
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    energy push now you might think well
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    dealing with climate change is just
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    going to require that we all pay more
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    for energy that's what I used to think
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    but consider the case of France France
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    actually gets twice as much of its
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    electricity from clean zero emission
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    sources than does Germany and yet France
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    pays half as much almost half as much
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    for its electricity how can that be well
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    you might have already anticipated the
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    answer France gets most of its
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    electricity from nuclear power
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    about 75% in total and nuclear just ends
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    up being a lot more reliable generating
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    power 24 hours a day seven days a week
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    for about 90% of the year we see this
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    phenomenon show up at a global level so
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    for example there's been a natural
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    experiment over the last 40 years even
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    more than that or in terms of the
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    deployment of nuclear and the deployment
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    of solar you can see that at a little
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    bit higher cost we got about half as
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    much electricity from solar and wind
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    than we did from nuclear well what does
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    all this mean for going forward I think
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    one of the most significant findings to
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    date is this one had Germany spent five
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    hundred eighty billion dollars on
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    nuclear instead of renewables it would
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    already be getting a hundred percent of
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    its end of its electricity from clean
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    energy sources and all of its
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    transportation energy now I think you
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    might be wondering and it's quite
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    reasonable to ask is nuclear power safe
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    and what do you do with the waste well
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    those are very reasonable questions
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    turns out that there's been scientific
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    studies on this going over 40 years this
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    is just the most recent study that was
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    done by the prestigious British Medical
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    Journal Lancet finds that nuclear power
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    is the safest it's easy to understand
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    why according to the World Health
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    Organization about 7 million people die
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    annually from air pollution and nuclear
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    plants don't emit that as a result the
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    climate scientist James Hansen looked at
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    and he calculated that nuclear power has
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    already saved almost two million lives
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    to date it turns out that even wind
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    energy is more deadly than nuclear this
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    is a photograph taken of two maintenance
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    workers in the Netherlands
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    shortly before one of them fell to his
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    death to avoid the fire and the other
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    one was engulfed in flames
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    now what about environmental impact well
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    I think a really easy way to think about
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    it is that uranium fuel which is what we
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    use to power nuclear plants is just
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    really energy dense about his mouth
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    about the same amount of uranium as this
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    is this Rubik's Cube can power all of
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    the energy that you need in your entire
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    life
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    as a consequence you just don't need
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    that much land in order to produce a
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    significant amount of electricity here
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    you can compare the solar farm I just
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    described Ivanpah to California's last
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    nuclear plant Diablo Canyon it takes 450
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    times more land to generate the same
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    amount of electricity as it does from
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    nuclear you would need 17 more solar
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    farms like Ivanpah in order to generate
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    the same output as Diablo Canyon and of
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    course it would then be unreliable well
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    what about the mining and the waste and
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    the material throughput well this has
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    been studied pretty closely as well and
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    it just turns out that solar panels
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    require 17 times more materials than
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    nuclear plants do in the form of cement
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    glass concrete steel and that includes
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    all the fuel used for those nuclear
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    plants the consequence is that what
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    comes out at the end since its material
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    throughput is just not a lot of waste
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    from nuclear all of the waste from the
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    Swiss nuclear program fits into this
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    room nuclear waste is actually the only
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    waste from electricity production
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    that's safely contained and internalized
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    every other way of making electricity
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    emits that waste into the natural
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    environment either as pollution or as
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    material waste we tend to think of solar
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    panels as clean but the truth is is that
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    there is no plan to deal with solar
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    panels at the end of their 20 or 25 year
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    life a lot of experts are actually very
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    concerned that solar panels are just
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    going to be shipped to poor countries in
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    Africa or Asia with the rest of our
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    electronic way
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    stream to be disassembled often exposing
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    people to really high levels of toxic of
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    toxic elements including lead cadmium
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    and chromium elements that because their
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    elements their toxicity never declines
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    over time I think we have an intuitive
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    sense that nuclear is a really powerful
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    strong energy source and that sunlight
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    is really dilute and diffuse and weak
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    which is why you have to spread solar
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    collectors or wind collectors over such
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    a large amount of land maybe that's why
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    nobody was surprised when in the recent
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    science-fiction remake of Blade Runner
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    the film opens a very dark dystopian
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    scene where California's deserts have
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    been entirely paved with solar farms all
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    of which I think raises a really
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    uncomfortable question in the effort to
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    try to save the climate are we
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    destroying the environment well the
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    interesting thing is that over the last
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    several hundred years human beings have
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    actually been trying to move away from
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    what you would consider matter dense
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    fuels towards energy dense ones that
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    means really from wood and dung towards
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    coal oil natural gas uranium this is a
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    phenomenon that's been going on for a
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    long time poor countries around the
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    world are in the process still of moving
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    away from wood and dung as their primary
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    energies and for the most part this is a
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    positive thing as you stop using wood as
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    your major source of fuel it allows the
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    forests to grow back and the wildlife to
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    return as you stop burning wood in your
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    home you don't you no longer need to
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    breathe that toxic smoke and as you go
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    from coal to natural gas and uranium is
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    your main sources of energy it holds out
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    the possibility of basically eliminating
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    air pollution altogether there's just
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    this problem with nuclear well it's been
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    pretty popular to move from dirtier to
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    cleaner energy sources from energy
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    diffuse to energy dense sources nuclear
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    is just really unpopular for a bunch of
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    historical reasons and as a consequence
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    in the past I and I think a lot of
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    others have sort of said well in order
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    to deal with climate change we're just
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    going to need all the different kinds of
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    clean energy that we have the problem is
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    is that just turns out not to be true
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    you remember I discussed France a little
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    bit ago France
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    gets most of its electricity from
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    nuclear if France were to try to
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    significantly scale up solar and wind it
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    would also have to significantly reduce
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    how much electricity it gets from
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    nuclear that's because in order to
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    handle the huge variability of solar and
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    wind on the grid they would need to burn
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    more natural gas think of it this way
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    it's just really hard to ramp up and
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    down a nuclear plant whereas I think
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    we're all pretty familiar with turning
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    the natural gas up and down on our stove
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    a similar process works in managing the
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    grid of course goes without saying that
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    oil and gas companies understand this
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    pretty well which is why we've seen them
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    invest millions of dollars in recent
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    years in promoting solar and wind this
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    just raises I think another challenging
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    question which is that in places that
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    are using a lot of nuclear have grids
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    that are mostly nuclear and hydro going
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    towards solar and wind and other
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    renewables would actually increase
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    carbon emissions I think a better
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    alternative is just to tell the truth
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    and that's what a number of scientists
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    have been doing I mentioned earlier that
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    hundreds of thousands of birds are
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    killed every year by wind turbines but I
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    didn't mention is that a million bats at
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    a minimum are killed every year by wind
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    the consequence has been that bad
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    scientists have been speaking out about
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    this this particular bat species the
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    hoary bat which is a migratory bat
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    species is literally at risk of going
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    extinct right now because of the
  • 14:46 - 14:49
    significant expansion of wind it's not
  • 14:49 - 14:52
    just wind it's also on solar the
  • 14:52 - 14:54
    scientists who were involved in creating
  • 14:54 - 14:56
    the Ivanpah solar farm who involved in
  • 14:56 - 14:58
    clearing that land have been speaking
  • 14:58 - 15:01
    out one of them wrote everybody knows
  • 15:01 - 15:03
    that translocation of desert tortoises
  • 15:03 - 15:05
    doesn't work when you're walking in
  • 15:05 - 15:07
    front of a bulldozer or crying and
  • 15:07 - 15:09
    moving animals and cacti out of the way
  • 15:09 - 15:11
    it's hard to think that the project is a
  • 15:11 - 15:13
    good idea and now we can see these
  • 15:13 - 15:17
    phenomena at work at an international
  • 15:17 - 15:18
    level in my home state of California
  • 15:18 - 15:20
    we've been stuffing a lot of natural gas
  • 15:20 - 15:22
    into the side of a mountain in order to
  • 15:22 - 15:24
    handle all that intermittent solar and
  • 15:24 - 15:24
    wind
  • 15:24 - 15:26
    it's sprung a leak it was equivalent to
  • 15:26 - 15:28
    putting 500,000 cars on the road and
  • 15:28 - 15:31
    currently in Germany there's protesters
  • 15:31 - 15:33
    trying to block a new coal mining
  • 15:33 - 15:34
    project
  • 15:34 - 15:36
    that would involve destroying the
  • 15:36 - 15:39
    ancient Han back forest in order to get
  • 15:39 - 15:41
    to the coal underneath all in an effort
  • 15:41 - 15:43
    to phase out nuclear and expand solar
  • 15:43 - 15:46
    and wind the good news is is that I
  • 15:46 - 15:49
    think that people still care about
  • 15:49 - 15:50
    nature enough for these facts to matter
  • 15:50 - 15:53
    we saw last year in South Korea a
  • 15:53 - 15:55
    citizen's jury deliberated for several
  • 15:55 - 15:57
    months weighing these different issues
  • 15:57 - 15:59
    they had to decide whether they were
  • 15:59 - 16:02
    going to phase out nuclear or keep it
  • 16:02 - 16:04
    and expanded they started out 40 percent
  • 16:04 - 16:07
    in favor of expanding nuclear but after
  • 16:07 - 16:08
    several months and considering these
  • 16:08 - 16:10
    issues they ended up voting 60 percent
  • 16:10 - 16:13
    to expand nuclear a similar phenomena
  • 16:13 - 16:15
    just happened last week in Arizona the
  • 16:15 - 16:17
    voters had a ballot initiative that to
  • 16:17 - 16:19
    vote on whether or not to continue with
  • 16:19 - 16:21
    nuclear or to phase it out and try to
  • 16:21 - 16:23
    replace it with natural gas and solar
  • 16:23 - 16:26
    they ended up rejecting at 70 to 30 and
  • 16:26 - 16:28
    even here in Europe we saw the
  • 16:28 - 16:30
    Netherlands is that one of the first
  • 16:30 - 16:33
    countries in recent memory to actually
  • 16:33 - 16:35
    announce as they did last week that
  • 16:35 - 16:36
    they're going to start to they're gonna
  • 16:36 - 16:38
    start to increase their reliance on
  • 16:38 - 16:40
    nuclear power in recognition that
  • 16:40 - 16:41
    there's just no way they could generate
  • 16:41 - 16:43
    significant amounts of energy enough
  • 16:43 - 16:45
    from solar and wind to meet their
  • 16:45 - 16:47
    climate targets I think it's natural
  • 16:47 - 16:50
    that those of us that became very
  • 16:50 - 16:51
    concerned about climate change such a
  • 16:51 - 16:53
    big environmental issue would gravitate
  • 16:53 - 16:57
    towards really romantic solutions like
  • 16:57 - 16:59
    harmonizing human civilization with the
  • 16:59 - 17:01
    natural world using renewable energies
  • 17:01 - 17:03
    but I think it's also understandable
  • 17:03 - 17:06
    that as the facts have come in that many
  • 17:06 - 17:08
    of us have started to question our prior
  • 17:08 - 17:10
    beliefs and change our minds for me the
  • 17:10 - 17:14
    question now is now that we know that
  • 17:14 - 17:17
    renewables can't save the planet are we
  • 17:17 - 17:19
    going to keep letting them destroy it
  • 17:19 - 17:26
    thank you very much
Title:
Why renewables can’t save the planet | Michael Shellenberger | TEDxDanubia
Description:

Environmentalists have long promoted renewable energy sources like solar panels and wind farms to save the climate. But what about when those technologies destroy the environment? In this provocative talk, Time Magazine “Hero of the Environment” and energy expert, Michael Shellenberger explains why solar and wind farms require so much land for mining and energy production, and an alternative path to saving both the climate and the natural environment. Michael Shellenberger is a Time Magazine Hero of the Environment and President of Environmental Progress, a research and policy organization. A lifelong environmentalist, Michael changed his mind about nuclear energy and has helped save enough nuclear reactors to prevent an increase in carbon emissions equivalent to adding more than 10 million cars to the road. He lives in Berkeley, California. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx

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Video Language:
English
Team:
closed TED
Project:
TEDxTalks
Duration:
17:33

English subtitles

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