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ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืื™: ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžืœื™ื“ื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”

  • 0:00 - 0:03
    ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ืคื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”
  • 0:04 - 0:06
    ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”
  • 0:06 - 0:08
    ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื,
  • 0:08 - 0:10
    ืื•ืžืช ื”ืกื•.
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    ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ื ืฉื‘ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืฉื• ืžืื“ืžืชื
  • 0:13 - 0:15
    ืœืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”
  • 0:15 - 0:17
    ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช.
  • 0:17 - 0:19
    ืฉืžื•ืจืช ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื’',
  • 0:19 - 0:21
    ืฉื”ื™ื ื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœืžืฆื’ืช ื”ื™ื•ื,
  • 0:21 - 0:23
    ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื›-120 ืง"ืž ื“ืจื•ื-ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช
  • 0:23 - 0:25
    ืœ"ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช" ื‘ื“ืงื•ื˜ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช.
  • 0:25 - 0:27
    ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ื‘ืฉื
  • 0:27 - 0:30
    "ืžื—ื ื” ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžืกืคืจ 334",
  • 0:30 - 0:33
    ื•ืฉื ื’ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”.
  • 0:33 - 0:35
    ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ืฉืžืข ืคืขื ืขืœ AIM,
  • 0:35 - 0:37
    ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
  • 0:37 - 0:39
    ืื• ืขืœ ืจืืกืœ ืžื™ื ืก,
  • 0:39 - 0:41
    ืื• ืœื™ืื•ื ืจื“ ืคืœื˜ื™ื™ืจ,
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    ืื• ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื’ืœืืœื”,
  • 0:43 - 0:46
    ืื– ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื’' ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื™ื‘ื•
  • 0:46 - 0:49
    ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
  • 0:49 - 0:51
    ืื– ื ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื˜ ื”ื™ื•ื
  • 0:51 - 0:53
    ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืขื ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”,
  • 0:53 - 0:55
    ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืงืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
  • 0:55 - 0:57
    ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืฉืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘ ืžืฆื‘ืข ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื™,
  • 0:57 - 0:59
    ืื ื™ ืœื‘ืŸ,
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    ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžื—ืกื•ื ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ืช.
  • 1:04 - 1:06
    ืืชื ืชืจืื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื,
  • 1:06 - 1:09
    ืื ื™ ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืืœื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืžื• ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
  • 1:09 - 1:11
    ื”ื ืงืจืื• ืœื™ ืื— ื•ื“ื•ื“
  • 1:11 - 1:13
    ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
  • 1:13 - 1:15
    ืืš ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื’',
  • 1:15 - 1:18
    ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื”ื™ื” "ื•ื•ืืฉื™ืฆ'ื•",
  • 1:18 - 1:21
    ื•"ื•ื•ืืฉื™ืฆ'ื•" ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”
  • 1:21 - 1:23
    ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™,
  • 1:23 - 1:25
    ืืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืœืžื™ืœื”
  • 1:25 - 1:29
    ื”ื•ื "ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฆืžื•."
  • 1:29 - 1:31
    ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืžืงื“:
  • 1:31 - 1:33
    ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฆืžื•.
  • 1:33 - 1:35
    ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ืžื“ื ื•ืช.
  • 1:36 - 1:38
    ืื– ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืื•ื“ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืคื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
  • 1:38 - 1:41
    ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™,
  • 1:41 - 1:44
    ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืื•ืช ืžืงื˜ื™ืคื”
  • 1:44 - 1:46
    ืขื ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ื•.
  • 1:46 - 1:48
    ื•ืื ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
  • 1:48 - 1:50
    ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช
  • 1:50 - 1:52
    ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • 1:52 - 1:55
    ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ืกื“ืจืช ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื
  • 1:55 - 1:57
    ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื“ื•
  • 1:57 - 1:59
    ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—,
  • 1:59 - 2:02
    ื•ื ื“ืข ืฉื›ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืคื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
  • 2:02 - 2:05
    ืฉืืœื• ืœื ืจืง ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”,
  • 2:05 - 2:08
    ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘.
  • 2:10 - 2:12
    ื‘ืคื™ืกืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื–ืืช,
  • 2:12 - 2:14
    ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืื•ืชื”
  • 2:14 - 2:17
    ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืžืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”.
  • 2:17 - 2:19
    ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ืจ ื–ืžืŸ
  • 2:19 - 2:22
    ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ื•ื”ื•ืคืจื•,
  • 2:22 - 2:24
    ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืกื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืงืจื‘ื•ืช.
  • 2:24 - 2:26
    ืืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘-1824.
  • 2:26 - 2:28
    ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื
  • 2:28 - 2:30
    ืžื•ืงื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
  • 2:30 - 2:32
    ืžื” ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ื˜ื•ืŸ ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื“ืจืš
  • 2:32 - 2:34
    ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื• ืขื ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื.
  • 2:34 - 2:36
    1851:
  • 2:36 - 2:38
    ืืžื ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืจืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื—ืชืžืช,
  • 2:38 - 2:41
    ื•ืžืกืžื ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžืช ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”.
  • 2:41 - 2:43
    ืœืคื™ ื”ืืžื ื”,
  • 2:43 - 2:45
    ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ื ืื•ืžื” ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ืช.
  • 2:45 - 2:47
    ืื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžื ื” ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉืžืจื™ื
  • 2:47 - 2:50
    ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช -
  • 2:50 - 2:53
    ืื– ื›ืš ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืจืื™ืช ืžืคืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื.
  • 2:55 - 2:57
    10 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
  • 2:57 - 3:00
    ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ ื—ื•ืชื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืง ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืื“ืžื•ืช
  • 3:00 - 3:03
    ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืฉื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื.
  • 3:03 - 3:05
    1863:
  • 3:05 - 3:07
    ืžืจื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืกื• ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืกื•ื˜ื”
  • 3:07 - 3:10
    ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืœื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ 38 ืื ืฉื™ ืกื•,
  • 3:10 - 3:13
    ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘.
  • 3:14 - 3:16
    ืœื™ื ืงื•ืœืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœื”ื•ืจื’
  • 3:16 - 3:18
    ืจืง ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
  • 3:18 - 3:21
    ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืชื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื–ืช ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
  • 3:22 - 3:25
    1866 ืžืกืžื ืช ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ืก-ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื ื˜ืœื™ืช.
  • 3:25 - 3:27
    ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ.
  • 3:27 - 3:29
    ืœืงื—ื ื• ืื“ืžื•ืช ืœืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื™ืœื•ืช
  • 3:29 - 3:32
    ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื“ืจืš ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”.
  • 3:32 - 3:34
    ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื ื–ืจืงื• ืœืคื—.
  • 3:34 - 3:37
    ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืฆ'ื™ืฃ ืขื ืŸ ืื“ื•ื ืžื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”
  • 3:37 - 3:40
    ืชืงืคื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืกื• ืืช ืฆื‘ื ืืจื”"ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
  • 3:40 - 3:42
    ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื”:
  • 3:42 - 3:45
    ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืกื• ืืช ืฆื‘ื ืืจื”"ื‘.
  • 3:45 - 3:48
    1868: ืืžื ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืจืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
  • 3:48 - 3:51
    ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืžืช ื”ืกื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
  • 3:51 - 3:54
    ื•ืืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช.
  • 3:54 - 3:56
    ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื’ื ืื“ืžื•ืช ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื“
  • 3:56 - 3:58
    ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื•ืช.
  • 3:58 - 4:00
    ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื ื• ืฉืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื ื”ืจ ื”ืคืื•ื“ืจ
  • 4:00 - 4:03
    ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื’ื•ืจ ืžืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื”.
  • 4:03 - 4:05
    ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
  • 4:05 - 4:07
    ืฉืœ ืฆ'ื™ืฃ ืขื ืŸ ืื“ื•ื ื•ื”ืกื•.
  • 4:07 - 4:10
    ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช
  • 4:10 - 4:13
    ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื•ื
  • 4:13 - 4:16
    ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘.
  • 4:18 - 4:20
    1869:
  • 4:20 - 4:22
    ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ืก-ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื ื˜ืœื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช.
  • 4:22 - 4:25
    ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื
  • 4:25 - 4:28
    ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ื”ืจื’ ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืืคืœื•,
  • 4:28 - 4:31
    ื•ื—ื™ืกืœื• ืข"ื™ ื›ืš ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืื•ื›ืœ, ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื•ืžื—ืกื” ืœืื•ืžืช ื”ืกื•.
  • 4:31 - 4:33
    1871:
  • 4:33 - 4:35
    ื ื—ืงืง ื—ื•ืง ื”ืœืืžืช ืื“ืžื•ืช ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื•ืช
  • 4:35 - 4:38
    ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ื’ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช.
  • 4:38 - 4:41
    ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื–ืืช, ื”ืฆื‘ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช
  • 4:41 - 4:44
    ื”ืื•ืกืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
  • 4:44 - 4:46
    ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
  • 4:46 - 4:48
    ืืกื™ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
  • 4:48 - 4:50
    ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” (1871)
  • 4:50 - 4:52
    ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืกื™ื•ืžื• ืืช ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช.
  • 4:52 - 4:55
    ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื›ืื•ืžื•ืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
  • 4:55 - 4:57
    ื•ืืช ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช.
  • 4:57 - 4:59
    ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช.
  • 4:59 - 5:01
    1874:
  • 5:01 - 5:04
    ื”ื’ื ืจืœ ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืงืืกื˜ืจ ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”,
  • 5:04 - 5:06
    ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
  • 5:06 - 5:08
    ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื
  • 5:08 - 5:10
    ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”.
  • 5:10 - 5:12
    ืงืืกื˜ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื™ืžืฆื ื“ืจืš
  • 5:12 - 5:14
    ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”
  • 5:14 - 5:16
    ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™.
  • 5:16 - 5:19
    1875: ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”
  • 5:19 - 5:22
    ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืจืžื™.
  • 5:22 - 5:24
    1876:
  • 5:24 - 5:26
    ื‘-26 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™
  • 5:26 - 5:28
    ื›ืฉื”ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืคืจื™ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”,
  • 5:28 - 5:30
    ืžื•ื‘ืก ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืงืืกื˜ืจ
  • 5:30 - 5:32
    ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืœื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ื™ื’ื”ื•ืจืŸ.
  • 5:32 - 5:34
    1877:
  • 5:34 - 5:37
    ื”ืœื•ื—ื ื•ืฆ'ื™ืฃ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืฉืžื• ืกื•ืก ืžืฉื•ื’ืข
  • 5:37 - 5:39
    ื ื›ื ืข ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ.
  • 5:39 - 5:42
    ื”ื•ื ื ื”ืจื’ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™.
  • 5:45 - 5:48
    1877 ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื” ืžืฆืื ื• ื“ืจืš
  • 5:48 - 5:50
    ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ืืžื ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืจืžื™.
  • 5:50 - 5:53
    ื”ืกื›ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืฆื’ ืœืฆ'ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื• ื•ืื ืฉื™ื”ื
  • 5:53 - 5:56
    ืชื—ืช ื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ื›"ืžื›ื•ืจ ืื• ื’ื•ื•ืข ื‘ืจืขื‘."
  • 5:56 - 5:59
    ื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ, ืื• ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœืš ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื›ืœ.
  • 5:59 - 6:02
    ืจืง ื›-10 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ื—ืชืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืžืš.
  • 6:02 - 6:04
    ืืžื ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืจืžื™
  • 6:04 - 6:06
    ื“ืจืฉื” ืฉืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืจื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ืฉื‘ื˜
  • 6:06 - 6:08
    ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื.
  • 6:08 - 6:10
    ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืขืœืžื ื• ืžื”ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื–ื”.
  • 6:10 - 6:13
    1887: ื—ื•ืง ื“ื•ื–.
  • 6:13 - 6:16
    ืื—ื–ืงื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืกื™ื•ืžื”.
  • 6:16 - 6:19
    ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช ืœื—ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืช ื›-40 ื“ื•ื ื
  • 6:19 - 6:21
    ื•ืžื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜
  • 6:21 - 6:23
    ื›ืฉื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื ืœืงื—.
  • 6:23 - 6:26
    ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื.
  • 6:26 - 6:28
    ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืœืงืช ืื“ืžื”
  • 6:28 - 6:30
    ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ื“
  • 6:30 - 6:33
    ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจ.
  • 6:33 - 6:35
    ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจืก ืืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช,
  • 6:35 - 6:38
    ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื—ืœืง ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื•ืช
  • 6:38 - 6:41
    ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ.
  • 6:41 - 6:43
    ืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื”
  • 6:43 - 6:45
    ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื”
  • 6:45 - 6:48
    ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื.
  • 6:48 - 6:51
    ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœ"ื•ื•ืืฉื™ืฆ'ื•".
  • 6:52 - 6:54
    ื‘-1890, ืชืืจื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ
  • 6:54 - 6:57
    ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
  • 6:57 - 6:59
    ื–ืืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ื•ื•ื ื“ื“ ื ื™.
  • 6:59 - 7:01
    ื‘-29 ืœื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ.
  • 7:01 - 7:04
    ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื‘ื ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืงื™ืคื• ืืช ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืกื• ื‘ื•ื•ื ื“ื“ ื ื™
  • 7:04 - 7:06
    ื•ื˜ื‘ื—ื• ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื’ ืคื•ื˜
  • 7:06 - 7:08
    ื•-300 ืืกื™ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”,
  • 7:08 - 7:10
    ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื™ื”
  • 7:10 - 7:12
    ืฉื™ืจืชื” ืคื’ื–ื™ื
  • 7:12 - 7:14
    ืฉื ืงืจืื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ืฆ'ืงื™ืก.
  • 7:14 - 7:16
    ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”"ืงืจื‘" ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื”,
  • 7:16 - 7:19
    20 ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื•
  • 7:19 - 7:22
    ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™.
  • 7:22 - 7:24
    ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื,
  • 7:24 - 7:27
    ื–ื”ื• ืžืกืจ ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
  • 7:27 - 7:30
    ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืื™ ืคืขื ืœืžืฉืชืชืคื™ ืงืจื‘ ื™ื—ื™ื“.
  • 7:30 - 7:32
    ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื™ืชื ื•
  • 7:32 - 7:34
    ืœื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื
  • 7:34 - 7:36
    ืžืืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืงืจื‘ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
  • 7:36 - 7:38
    ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
  • 7:38 - 7:40
    ื•ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืจื™ืื”, ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืื,
  • 7:40 - 7:43
    ืขื™ืจืืง ื•ืืคื’ืื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
  • 7:44 - 7:46
    ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ื•ื•ื ื“ื“ ื ื™
  • 7:46 - 7:49
    ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืกื™ื•ื ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื.
  • 7:49 - 7:51
    ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืืชืจ,
  • 7:51 - 7:53
    ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื ื“ื“ ื ื™,
  • 7:53 - 7:55
    ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืœื ืจืง ืงื‘ืจ
  • 7:55 - 7:57
    ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื” ืื• ื”ืกื•,
  • 7:57 - 8:00
    ืืœื ืืช ืงื‘ืจื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื.
  • 8:03 - 8:05
    ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื‘ืœืง ืืœืง, ืืžืจ
  • 8:05 - 8:07
    "ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืื–
  • 8:07 - 8:09
    ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื•ืคื•.
  • 8:09 - 8:11
    ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืื—ื•ืจื” ื›ืขืช,
  • 8:11 - 8:13
    ืžื”ื’ื‘ืขื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ืงื ืชื™,
  • 8:13 - 8:15
    ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ื˜ื‘ื—ื•
  • 8:15 - 8:17
    ื’ื•ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืคื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจ,
  • 8:17 - 8:20
    ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืขืงื•ื,
  • 8:23 - 8:25
    ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™
  • 8:25 - 8:28
    ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื.
  • 8:31 - 8:34
    ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืžืช ืฉื ื’ื, ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืกืคื•ื’ืช ื”ื“ื
  • 8:35 - 8:38
    ื•ื ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืคืช ื”ืฉืœื’ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
  • 8:39 - 8:42
    ื—ืœื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื ืžืช ืฉื,
  • 8:42 - 8:45
    ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ื ื ืคืœื."
  • 8:46 - 8:48
    ื‘ืืจื•ืข ื–ื”,
  • 8:48 - 8:51
    ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœ.
  • 8:52 - 8:54
    ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื›ืœ
  • 8:54 - 8:57
    ืœ-ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื•ื•ื ื“ื“ ื ื™.
  • 8:57 - 8:59
    ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”
  • 8:59 - 9:02
    ืขื ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื“ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื™ื”
  • 9:02 - 9:06
    ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ ืขืœ ืขืžื“ืชื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื.
  • 9:06 - 9:08
    ื”ื ืขื™ื™ืคื• ืžืืžื ื•ืช.
  • 9:08 - 9:10
    ื”ื ืขื™ื™ืคื• ืžื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช.
  • 9:10 - 9:13
    ื”ื ืขื™ื™ืคื• ืžืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช.
  • 9:13 - 9:16
    ื•ื”ื ืขื™ื™ืคื• ืžื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•.
  • 9:16 - 9:19
    ืื– ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืชื—ื™ื.
  • 9:20 - 9:23
    "ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?" ื”ื ืืžืจื•,
  • 9:23 - 9:25
    ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื“ืง.
  • 9:30 - 9:32
    1900:
  • 9:32 - 9:35
    ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉืคืœ:
  • 9:36 - 9:38
    ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-250,000 ืื™ืฉ.
  • 9:38 - 9:40
    ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืžื•ืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ
  • 9:40 - 9:42
    ื‘-1492.
  • 9:44 - 9:46
    ื ืงืคื•ืฅ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
  • 9:46 - 9:48
    1980:
  • 9:48 - 9:50
    ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘,
  • 9:50 - 9:53
    ืื•ืžืช ื”ืกื• ื ื’ื“ ืืจื”"ื‘,
  • 9:53 - 9:56
    ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืกื™ื•ืžื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจืขืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.
  • 9:57 - 10:00
    ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงื‘ืข ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช
  • 10:00 - 10:03
    ื•-2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื ื ืžืื“ืžืชื
  • 10:03 - 10:06
    ื ืคืชื—ื• ืœืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืคืฉื™ ื–ื”ื‘,
  • 10:06 - 10:08
    ืชื ืื™ ืืžื ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืจืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
  • 10:08 - 10:10
    ื”ื•ืคืจื•.
  • 10:10 - 10:12
    ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงื‘ืข
  • 10:12 - 10:14
    ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืœืงื—ื• ืฉืœื ื›ื—ื•ืง
  • 10:14 - 10:16
    ื•ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืข, ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช,
  • 10:16 - 10:18
    ื™ืฉื•ืœื ืœืื•ืžืช ื”ืกื•.
  • 10:18 - 10:20
    ื›ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช,
  • 10:20 - 10:23
    ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงื‘ืข ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœ 106 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“
  • 10:23 - 10:25
    ืœืื•ืžืช ื”ืกื•.
  • 10:25 - 10:28
    ื”ืกื• ืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ืขืงื•:
  • 10:28 - 10:31
    "ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืœืžื›ื™ืจื”."
  • 10:31 - 10:33
    2010:
  • 10:33 - 10:36
    ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื,
  • 10:36 - 10:39
    ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ื•ื•ื ื“ื“ ื ื™,
  • 10:39 - 10:41
    ื—ื•ืฉืคื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”,
  • 10:41 - 10:43
    ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื›ืคื•ื™ื”
  • 10:43 - 10:45
    ื•ื”ืคืจืช ืืžื ื•ืช.
  • 10:45 - 10:48
    ืื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจืช ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื’'
  • 10:48 - 10:51
    ื ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 85 ืœ-90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
  • 10:51 - 10:54
    ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
  • 10:54 - 10:56
    ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื˜ื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ.
  • 10:56 - 10:58
    ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช,
  • 10:58 - 11:00
    ื•ืืœื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื“ื—ื•ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจืขื•ืขื™ื
  • 11:00 - 11:02
    ืขื ืขื“ ื—ืžืฉ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
  • 11:02 - 11:04
    ืœ-39 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื’'
  • 11:04 - 11:06
    ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœ
  • 11:06 - 11:09
    ื•ืœืคื—ื•ืช 60 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื”
  • 11:09 - 11:11
    ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื‘ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.
  • 11:11 - 11:13
    ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”
  • 11:13 - 11:16
    ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงื• ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
  • 11:16 - 11:19
    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืคืช ื‘ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื’'
  • 11:19 - 11:22
    ื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
  • 11:22 - 11:24
    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืžื•ืชืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
  • 11:24 - 11:26
    ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช
  • 11:26 - 11:29
    ื•ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
  • 11:29 - 11:31
    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื”ืจื—ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื”
  • 11:31 - 11:33
    ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
  • 11:33 - 11:36
    ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›-70 ืื—ื•ื–.
  • 11:36 - 11:38
    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื
  • 11:38 - 11:41
    ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
  • 11:41 - 11:44
    ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืกื‘ื™ื ื•ืกื‘ืชื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืช ื ื›ื“ื™ื”ื
  • 11:44 - 11:47
    ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืขืงื‘ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื–ื,
  • 11:47 - 11:49
    ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืืคืืชื™ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช,
  • 11:49 - 11:51
    ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื.
  • 11:52 - 11:55
    ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 40
  • 11:55 - 11:57
    ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื›ืจืช.
  • 11:57 - 11:59
    ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื
  • 11:59 - 12:01
    ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 46
  • 12:01 - 12:04
    ืœ-48.
  • 12:04 - 12:06
    ื‘ืขืจืš ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ
  • 12:06 - 12:09
    ื›ืžื• ื‘ืืคื’ืื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื• ืกื•ืžืืœื™ื”.
  • 12:10 - 12:13
    ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจืฆื— ืขื ืžื•ืฆืœื—
  • 12:13 - 12:15
    ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืจืง ื‘ื• ื”ืžื“ื›ื
  • 12:15 - 12:18
    ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“:
  • 12:18 - 12:21
    "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื“ื™ืจื™ื, ืžื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื?
  • 12:21 - 12:23
    ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™.
  • 12:23 - 12:25
    ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื
  • 12:25 - 12:28
    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืชื™ื."
  • 12:28 - 12:31
    ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืืœื”.
  • 12:31 - 12:33
    ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช
  • 12:33 - 12:35
    ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฆื”ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
  • 12:35 - 12:37
    ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื
  • 12:37 - 12:39
    ืœืชื•ืš ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืืกื™ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”
  • 12:39 - 12:42
    ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืœื›ื•.
  • 12:44 - 12:46
    ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืจื•
  • 12:46 - 12:49
    ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืœืงื— ืžื”ืŸ.
  • 12:51 - 12:53
    ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ,
  • 12:53 - 12:55
    ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื”
  • 12:55 - 12:58
    ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืจืื• ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืฉื™ืฆ'ื•,
  • 12:58 - 13:00
    ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ื”ืžื™ื
  • 13:00 - 13:03
    ื•ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช.
  • 13:03 - 13:05
    ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืืœื” ื’ืจืžื• ืœืืคืงื˜ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•
  • 13:05 - 13:07
    ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื.
  • 13:07 - 13:11
    ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืื ื•, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉืœื˜ืช, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื
  • 13:12 - 13:15
    ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘-1890,
  • 13:15 - 13:18
    ืื• ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื•ืช ืžืœืคื ื™ 150 ืฉื ื”,
  • 13:19 - 13:21
    ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืชื›ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”:
  • 13:21 - 13:24
    ืื™ืš ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•?
  • 13:25 - 13:27
    ืžื”ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ
  • 13:27 - 13:29
    ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ ื”ืืœื”
  • 13:29 - 13:31
    ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ืœื›ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
  • 13:31 - 13:33
    ื•ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
  • 13:33 - 13:35
    ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช?
  • 13:35 - 13:38
    ื”ืื ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•?
  • 13:39 - 13:42
    ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
  • 13:42 - 13:45
    ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื”.
  • 13:45 - 13:48
    ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืจื‘ ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืžื”ืฆื“
  • 13:48 - 13:50
    ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“,
  • 13:50 - 13:53
    ืจืง ืœืฆืœื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
  • 13:53 - 13:56
    ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื›"ื› ืจื—ื•ืง ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
  • 13:56 - 13:58
    ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื›ื•ื ืช ื–ืžืŸ
  • 13:58 - 14:00
    ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•.
  • 14:00 - 14:02
    ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื
  • 14:02 - 14:05
    ืื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืชืงืŸ.
  • 14:06 - 14:08
    ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•
  • 14:08 - 14:10
    ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืชืื—ื“ื ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืœื”ืื™ื˜ื™,
  • 14:10 - 14:13
    ืื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืื™ื™ื“ืก, ืื• ื‘ืจืขื‘.
  • 14:13 - 14:15
    ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
  • 14:15 - 14:18
    ืžื›ืื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช
  • 14:18 - 14:20
    ืžืืฉืจ ืฆ'ืง ืขืœ ืกืš 50 ื“ื•ืœืจ
  • 14:20 - 14:22
    ืื• ืžืกืข ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™
  • 14:22 - 14:24
    ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืข ื›ืžื” ื‘ืชื™ื ืžื›ื•ืกื™ ื’ืจืคื™ื˜ื™,
  • 14:24 - 14:26
    ืื• ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื
  • 14:26 - 14:29
    ืฉืชื•ืจืžืช ื—ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
  • 14:29 - 14:31
    ืื™ืคื” ื–ื” ืฉื ืื•ืชื ื•?
  • 14:31 - 14:34
    ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชืคื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”?
  • 14:34 - 14:36
    ืืจื”"ื‘
  • 14:36 - 14:38
    ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื”, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื,
  • 14:38 - 14:40
    ืœื”ืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื
  • 14:40 - 14:42
    ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืจืžื™
  • 14:42 - 14:45
    ืž-1851 ื•-1868 ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ืขื ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื”.
  • 14:45 - 14:47
    ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ื,
  • 14:47 - 14:50
    ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื:
  • 14:51 - 14:53
    ื›ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช.
  • 14:53 - 14:55
    ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
  • 14:55 - 14:58
    ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื›ื ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื™ืชืŸ.
  • 15:00 - 15:06
    (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
Title:
ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืื™: ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžืœื™ื“ื” ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
Speaker:
Aaron Huey
Description:

ืžืืžืฆื™ื• ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืื™ ืœืฆืœื ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจืช ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื’', ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืžืื‘ืงื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœืืงื•ื˜ื” - ืžื–ืขื–ืข ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช - ื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžื—ืจื™ื“, ื‘ื”ืจืฆืืชื• ื‘ืืจื•ืข TEDxDU.

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Video Language:
English
Team:
closed TED
Project:
TEDTalks
Duration:
15:07
Eran Givoni added a translation

Hebrew subtitles

Revisions