The transformative power of video games

Hello.

My name is Herman.,

and I've always been struck by how
the most important, impactful,

tsunami-like changes
to our culture and our society

always come from those things

that we least think
are going to have that impact.

I mean, as a computer scientist,

I remember when Facebook
was just image-sharing in dorm rooms,

and depending upon who you ask,

it's now involved in toppling elections.

I remember when cryptocurrency
or automated trading

were sort of ideas by a few renegades

in the financial institutions
in the world for automated trading,

or online for cryptocurrency,

and then out coming to quickly shape
the way that we operate.

And I think each of you
can recall that moment

where one of these ideas felt
like some ignorable, derisive thing,

and suddenly, oh, crap,
the price of Bitcoin is what it is.

Or, oh, crap, guess who's been elected.

The reality is that

you know, from my perspective,

I think that we're about
to encounter that again.

And I think one of the biggest,

most impactful changes
in the way we live our lives,

to the ways we're educated,

probably even to how we end up
making an income,

is about to come not from AI,

not from space travel or biotech,

these are all very important
future inventions.

But in the next five years,

I think it's going to come
from video games.

So that's a bold claim, OK.

I see some skeptical faces
in the audience.

But if we take a moment

to try to look at what video games
are already becoming in our lives today,

and what just a little bit
of technological advancement

is about to create,

it starts to become
more of an inevitability.

And I think the possibilities
are quite electrifying.

So let's just take a moment
to think about scale.

I mean, there's already
2.6 billion people who play games.

And the reality is, that's a billion more
than five years ago.

A billion more people in that time.

No religion, no media,
nothing has spread like that.

And there's likely to be a billion more

when Africa and India
gain the infrastructure

to sort of fully realize
the possibilities of gaming.

But what I find really special is,
and this often shocks a lot of people,

is that the average age of a gamer,
like have a guess, think about it.

It's not six, it's not 18, it's not 12.

It's 34.

It's older than me.

And that tells us something,

that this isn't entertainment
for children anymore.

This is already a medium
like literature or anything else

that's becoming a fundamental
part of our lives.

One stat I like is that people
who generally picked up gaming

in the last sort of 15, 20 years,

generally don't stop.

Something changed in the way
that this medium is organized.

And more than that,
it's not just play anymore, right.

You've heard some examples today,

but people are earning
an income playing games.

And not in the obvious ways.

Yes, there's Esports, there's prizes,

there's the opportunity to make money
in a competitive way.

But there's also people earning incomes

modding games, building content in them,

doing art in them.

I mean, that's something at scale

akin to the Florentine renaissance,

happening on your kid's iPhone
in your living room.

And it's being ignored.

Now, what's even more exciting for me
is what's about to happen.

And when you think about gaming,

you're probably already imagining

that it features these massive,
infinite worlds,

but the truth is,

games have been deeply limited
for a very long time,

in a way that kind of we in the industry

have tried very hard to cover up
with as much trickery as possible.

The metaphor I like to use,
if you'd let me geek out for a moment,

is the notion of a theater.

For the last 10 years,

games have massively advanced
the visual effects,

the physical immersion,
the front end of games.

But behind the scenes,

the actual experiential reality
of a game world

has remained woefully limited.

[unclear] put on perspective for a moment.

I could leave this theater right now,

I could do some graffiti,
get in a fight, fall in love.

I might actually do
all of those things after this,

but the point is that all of that
would have consequence.

It would ripple through reality,

all of you could interact with that
at the same time.

It would be persistent.

And those are very important qualities

to what makes the real world real.

Now, behind the scenes in games,

we've had a limit for a very long time.

And the limit is, behind the visuals,

the actual information being exchanged
between players or entities

in a single game world

has been deeply bounded

by the fact that games
mostly take place on a single server

or a single machine.

Even The World of Warcraft
is actually thousands of smaller worlds.

When you hear about concerts in Fortnite,

you're actually hearing
about thousands of small concerts.

You know, individual,
as was said earlier today,

camp fires or couches.

There isn't really this possibility
to bring it all together.

Let's take a moment to just
really understand what that means.

When you look at a game,
you might see this, beautiful visuals,

all of these things
happening in front of you.

But behind the scenes in an online game,

this is what it looks like.

To a computer scientist,

all you see is just
a little bit of information

being exchanged by a tiny handful
of meaningful entities or objects.

You might be thinking,
I've played in an infinite world.

Well it's more that
you've played on a treadmill.

And as you've been walking
through that world,

we've been cleverly causing
the parts of it that you're not in

to vanish

and the parts of it
in front of you to appear.

A good trick, but not the basis
for the revolution

that I promised you
in the beginning of this talk.

But the reality is, for those of you
that are passionate gamers,

and might be excited about this,

and for those of you
that are afraid and may not be,

that all of that is about to change.

And it's going to change
because finally the technology is in place

to go well beyond the limits
that we've previously seen.

I've dedicated my career to this,

there are many others
working on the problem,

I'd hardly take credit for Ir myself,

but we're at the point now
where we can finally

do this impossible hard thing

of weaving together thousands
of disparate machines

into single simulations

that are convenient enough
to not be one-offs,

but to be buildable by anybody.

And to be at the point

where we can start to experience
those things that we can't yet fathom.

Let's just take a moment
to visualize that.

I'm talking about not individual
little simulations,

but a massive possibility of huge
networks of interaction.

Massive global events
that can happen inside that.

Things that even in the real world

become challenging to produce
at that kind of scale.

And I know some of you are gamers,

so I'm going to show you
some footage of some things

that I'm pretty sure I'm allowed to do,
from some of our partners.

TED and me had a back-and-forth on this.

These are a few things
that not many people have seen before.

These are some new experiences
powered by this type of technology.

I'll just give a moment
to show you some of this stuff.

This is a single game world

with thousands of simultaneous
people participating in a conflict.

It also has its own ecosystem.

Its own sense of predator and prey.

Every single object you see here
is simulated in some way.

This is a game being built by one
of the biggest companies in the world,

NetEase, a huge Chinese company.

And they've made
an assistant creative simulation

where groups of players
can co-create together,

across multiple devices,

in a world that doesn't vanish
when you're done.

It's a place to tell stories
and have adventure.

Even the weather is simulated.

And that's kind of awesome.

And this is my personal favorite.

This is a group of people,
pioneers in Berlin,

a group called Klang Games,

and they're completely insane,
and they'll love me for saying that.

And they found a way to model
basically an entire planet.

They're going to have a simulation
with millions of non-player characters

and players engaging.

They actually grab Lawrence Lessig

to help understand
the political ramifications

of the world they're creating.

This is the sort of astounding
set of experiences,

well beyond what we might have imagined,

that are now going to be possible.

And that's just the first step
in this technology.

So if we step beyond that, what happens?

Well, computer science
tends to be all exponential

once we crack the really hard problems.

And I'm pretty sure that very soon

we're going to be in a place
where we can make

this type of computational power
look Ike nothing.

And when that happens,
the opportunities --

It's worth taking a moment to try
to imagine what I'm talking about here.

I'm talking about hundreds of thousands
or millions of people

being able to coinhabit the same space.

The last time any of us as a species

had the opportunity
to build or do something together

with that may people, was in antiquity.

And the circumstances
were less than optimal, shall we say.

Mostly conflicts or building pyramids.

Not necessarily the best thing for us
to be spending our time doing.

But if you bring together
that many people,

the kind of shared experience
that can create ...

I think it exercises a social muscle in us

that we've lost and forgotten.

Going even beyond that,

I want to take a moment
to think about what it means

for relationships, for identity.

If we can give each other worlds,
experiences at scale

where we can spend
a meaningful amount of our time,

we can change what it means
to be an individual.

We can go beyond a single identity

to a diverse set of personal identities.

The gender, the race,
the personality traits you were born with

might be something you want
to experiment differently with.

You might be someone
what wants to be more than one person.

We all are, inside, multiple people.

We rarely get
the opportunity to flex that.

It's also about empathy.

I have a grandmother

who I have literally
nothing in common with.

I love her to bits,

but every story she has begins in 1940
and ends sometime in 1950.

And every story I have
is like 50 years later.

But if we could coinhabit,

co-experience things together,

that undiminished by physical frailty
or by lack of context,

create opportunities together,

that changes things,
that bonds people in different ways.

I'm struck by how social media
has amplified our many differences,

and really made us more who we are
in the presence of other people.

I think games could really start to create

an opportunity for us
to empathize again.

To have shared adversity,
shared opportunity.

I mean, statistically,
at this moment in time,

there are people who are
on the opposite sides of a conflict,

who have been matched
made together into a game,

and don't even know it.

That's an incredible opportunity
to change the way we look at things.

Finally, for those of you who perhaps are
more cynical about all of this,

who maybe don't think that virtual worlds
and games are your cup of tea.

There's a reality you have to accept,

and that is that the economic impact
of what I'm talking about

will be profound.

Right now, thousands of people
have full-time jobs in gaming.

Soon it will be millions of people.

Wherever there's a mobile phone,
there will be a job.

An opportunity for something
that is creative and rich

and gives you an income,
no matter what country you're in,

no matter what skills or opportunities
you might think you have.

Probably the first dollar
most kids born today make

might be in a game.

That will be the new paper route,

that will be the new
opportunity for an income

at the earliest time in your life.

So I kind of want to end
with almost a plea,

really, more than thoughts.

A sense of, I think, how we need
to face this new opportunity

a little differently
to some we have in the past.

It's so hypocritical
for yet another technologist

to stand up onstage and say,

the future will be great,
technology will fix it.

And the reality is,
this is going to have downsides.

But those downsides will only be amplified

if we approach, once again,
with cynicism and derision,

the opportunities that this presents.

The worst thing that we could possibly do

is let the same four or five companies

end up dominating
yet another adjacent space.

(Applause)

Because they're not just going to define

how and who makes money from this.

The reality is, we're now talking
about defining how we think,

what the rules are
around identity and collaboration,

the rules of the world we live in.

This has got to be something we all own,

we all cocreate.

So, my final plea is really
to those engineers,

those scientists, those artists
in the audience today.

Maybe some of you dreamed
of working on space travel.

The reality is, there are worlds
you can build right here, right now,

that can transform people's lives.

There are still huge
technological frontiers

that need to be overcome here,

akin to those we faced
when building the early internet.

All the technology behind
virtual worlds is different.

So, my plea to you is this.

Let's engage, let's all engage,

let's actually try to make this something
that we shape in a positive way,

rather than once again have be done to us.

Thank you.

(Applause)