Secrets of Body Language

Body language is a form of non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.

John Borg attests that human communication consists of 93 percent body language and paralinguistic cues, while only 7% of communication consists of words themselves;[1] however, Albert Mehrabian, the researcher whose 1960s work is the source of these statistics, has stated that this is a misunderstanding of the findings[2] (see Misinterpretation of Mehrabian's rule). Others assert that "Research has suggested that between 60 and 70 percent of all meaning is derived from nonverbal behavior."[3]

Body language may provide clues as to the attitude or state of mind of a person. For example, it may indicate aggression, attentiveness, boredom, relaxed state, pleasure, amusement, and intoxication, among many other cues.

*A walk to convey power.*

*A greeting that gets the upper hand.*

*A gesture that can hide a lie.*

*Body language can betray us.*

*When a president's under pressure.*

*Or celebrities in the media glare.*

*Look beyond the words.*

*Their body language says it all.*

-It's a sudden poise.
-Self-touch gesture.

-Hot spots.
-Microexpressions.

*In this special,
experts will dissect the body,*

*the face,*

*and the voice*

*to reveal its hidden meanings,
its secrets.*

*This is a world where what we say
is all important.*

They said this day would never come.

*We hang on every word.*

Tomorrow, we begin again.
Thank you.

*But are we getting all the message?*

Older, darker, psychopaths,
serial killers' handwriting-

*Research has shown
that just 7% of human communication*

*is through the actual words.*

*93% of what we communicate
with others is non-verbal.*

Bam bam bam!

93%! Think about that.

So, it's our tone of voice, pitch,
posture, microexpressions on our face.

*Different gestures that we might use.*

We put all the significance
on 7% for words.

We shouldn't be doing that.

*Beyond the words,*

*life's a fascinating world
of non-verbal communication.*

*The secret world of body language.*

*We're about to watch
our wannabe world leaders.*

*Our sport stars.
-Good morning.*

*We'll revisit famous figures
from recent history.*

-Did you kill our president?
-No.

Because people have got to know
whether or not their president's a crook.

I'm not a crook.

I've earned everything I've got.

*We'll view our celebrities
with fresh eyes.*

*We're going to show
how people in the public eye*

*try to control the way
we perceive them.*

*And how sometimes,
despite their best efforts,*

*the truth leaks out.*

Whomever it might be,

if the truth is told,
then my name will be cleared.

And I can move on with my life.

*If you know what to look for.*

It's not what you're seeing,
it's what you're not seeing.

You're not seeing an angered response.

*We're going to equip you*

*with the tools to read
those body language giveaways.*

*You're getting a head and peek*

*into the world
of "what's really going on there. "*

When you can read body language,

every moment you spend with others,
you can make it valuable.

And if you're in business,
you can make it profitable.

Body language is crucial.

*For those who study
non-verbal communication,*

*one of the first indicators
they look out for*

*is the way someone's body moves.*

*At this Camp David summit,*

*President Bush is the host to visiting
Russian President Vladimir Putin.*

*Vladimir Putin knows the world
is watching him on American soil.*

And he also knows
that his people are watching.

*So he must show strength.*

*Here, though, both leaders are making
a strong body language statement.*

*Here we are,
two powerful world leaders,*

*in a sort of striding contest.*

Because, of course,
the fastest you stride,

the more strong,
powerful, and fit you are.

*It's not just the speed of walking
that sends out messages.*

*Vladimir Putin and George Bush
are fantastically powerful men.*

Have two completely
different types of power.

*And it evidences itself
through body language.*

I thank you all for coming.

*Vladimir Putin has what I would call
"a very animal power. "*

*A strong man power.*

And he walks by having his shoulders
boucing back and forth.

He walks, he also makes gestures.
He's very active.

I would almost call it
a kind of sexy power.

George Bush, on the other hand,
has a more traditional American power.

There's very little movement
above the shoulders.

He's trying to look
like he's controled.

There's no extra wasted energy.

I thank you all for coming.

*Perceiving the body language message
of these two powerful presidents*

*is straightforward.*

*But body language is often complex
and easily misunderstood.*

*Here, President Clinton
leads Israeli and Palestinian leaders,*

*Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat,
out before the press*

*during peace negociations.*

*It's all smiles for the cameras.*

*But behind the facade of bon ami,
there's a power struggle going on.*

*Clinton explains that none of them
will take any questions.*

We pledged to each other
we would answer no questions.

Offer no comments.
So I have to set a good example.

*The body language
then revealed just why that was.*

Almost a physical fight.

*Many viewed this apparently
light-hearted tussle as a sign*

*that Arafat and Barak
were getting on well.*

*Think again.*

*There is a great meaning behind
who goes through the door first.*

*Here in the West,
letting someone through the door first*

doesn't really matter;
it's polite, maybe.

But in the Middle East,
it has a significant cultural impact.

The host, the power person, says:

"I'm in control,
I'll help you through the door. "

"I'll show you the way. "

*Throw in the fear and tension present
in most Middle East negociations*

*and suddely, the desire of both Arafat
and Barak not to go through that door*

*before the other
starts to make sense.*

This is a classic example,
in an extreme way,

of how the last man through the door
is the winner.

*Barak reaches for Yasser Arafat.*

*Arafat grabs his arm, moves around
and starts waggling his finger at Barak*

*who then uses it as opportunity
to move around to actually be behind.*

*Then grabs Arafat, holds him by the arm
and shoves him through the door.*

You've got fear and power struggle

showing in big bold
body language movements.

*Arafat and Barak are not the only ones*

*to appreciate the significance
of "the last man through the door move. "*

*Even when friends and allies meet,
subtle cues reveal who's talked of.*

2003.

*British Prime Minister Tony Blair
plays host to President Bush.*

*In this particular example
we're looking at, 10 Downing Street,*

*and one would expect Tony Blair
to be very territorial.*

It's his territory,
he should be host.

He should be in charge, and the boss
in terms of who goes through the door.

*And yet,
Tony Blair, the Prime Minister,*

*accepts that the seniority
and place here is the President's.*

*So President Bush says:
"Photos are over".*

*Gives him a little nod.*

*And so they start going in.*

*The President's in charge
of the choreography.*

He goes through the door last,
used his left hand

*and taps Blair forward,
not shoving Blair through the door.*

But helping him through the door,
meaning Bush is in charge.

*As they go in,
the President being in charge*

*and wanting to be clear
that he's in charge,*

not only displays the ownership symbol
of putting his hand on Blair's back

but then he displays
a further bit of dominance.

*He gives him three little taps,*

just to let him know
that actually he's a good little boy.

And that George W. Bush is boss.

*A pat on the back
is one way to demonstrate power.*

*Getting the upper hand is another.*

*Quite literally.*

*When body language savvy
world leaders get together,*

*they know there's one sure moment
to demonstrate dominance.*

*The handshake photo op.*

*If you're looking
at the left of the picture,*

they always want to be standing
on the left of the picture.

Let me demonstrate.

If I'm shaking hands here,
what's gonna happen?

I'm at the bottom of the handshake,
my palm is facing up.

*That's a very vulnerable position.*

If I'm shaking hands here,
and I've got my arm around the person,

I'm shaking hands,
who's got the upper hand?

I've got the upper hand.

If someone's coming in
to shake your hand like this,

*here's a nice solid handshake.
It should be straight and firm.*

*If it's not-*

*Janine Driver teaches
body language evening classes.*

*She believes the visual impact
of important handshakes*

*was first appreciated in 1970.*

*When Elvis Presley famously
paid a visit to President Nixon,*

*at the White House.*

*We see pictures of Nixon
shaking hands with Elvis Presley.*

Nixon's got the upper hand.
That's where the expression comes from.

I've got the upper hand here.

*Now that people know
about this in politics,*

*you see them jolting for position
when it comes time to take a picture.*

*At this summit in 2006
hosted by Vladimir Putin,*

*the Russian leader
was on full handshake alert.*

*He strategically
placed himself in a position*

*where they're coming forward,
he's gonna get the dominant position.*

They're coming out of cars this way,
coming up to him, cameras are here.

*Every single picture,
who gets the upper hand?*

Putin.

*Then up strides Tony Blair.*

*We see that Tony Blair is going
to grab on to Vladimir Putin's hand.*

The classing thing
of grabbing somebody by the elbow

*to show who is actually the leader.*

*Score 1 for Blair.*

*Next, it's President Bush's turn.*

*George Bush, on the other hand,*

*then comes in and realizes
he's on the wrong side of the photo.*

Morning.

*So when he reaches in to grab,
he immediately crowds Putin.*

Instead of just grabbing
and letting Putin grab his arm,

*George Bush puts his shoulder
against Putin's so that Putin's left arm*

*is no way in a position
to grab hold of Bush's right arm.*

Then as soon as Bush turns out,
he immediately goes for a little tap.

*And stir on Putin's back
to actually give him a push.*

*And Putin,
making sure not to be outdone,*

*puts his right arm up
and give Bush a little tap as well.*

*We'll call that a draw.*

*Even seated,*

*the bodies of world leaders
can speak volumes.*

*Here's a master class from FDR.*

*With President Roosevelt presiding,
the historic conference began.*

*February 1945.*

*Franklin D. Roosevelt,
Joseph Stalin and Winston Churchill*

*famously meet at the Yalta conference.*

*The "Big Three",
surrounded by the chiefs of staff,*

*with their staffs and civilian officials*

*posed for the cameras
in the patio of Livadia palace.*

*The Allies had worked together
for three years.*

*But now,
with the end of the war in sight,*

*Roosevelt knew all that
was set to change.*

*We see three powerful men
all wanting to dominate.*

Visually,

*Roosevelt's in the center.*

The central figure always appears
to us to be the most important.

*Even when he's talking to Stalin,
he turns the other way.*

*And Stalin leans in.*

*Stalin is actually,
if you like, following Roosevelt.*

Roosevelt is the real leader
of the two.

*Meanwhile,
Churchill's body language*

*is conveying
Britain's diminishing status.*

It doesn't look as though Churchill
is a full and equal participant.

Not only is his posture hunched up,
but Roosevelt barely ever talks to him.

*And Stalin doesn't really meet him,
except to shake his hand.*

Churchill has both elbows out.

But the top is that
he's holding his hat in his lap

*to cover up his private parts.*

Which feel kind of honorable
in this situation.

You can see how each of these men
are master in their own country.

*How they interact with one another,*

*what their relationship is
in the world stage.*

Ladies and gentlemen,
the President of the United States.

*A politician's body language
can easily give them away.*

*Especially when he's under pressure.*

*Ladies and gentlemen,
I welcome this opportunity tonight*

to meet with the managing editor
of the nation's newspapers.

*It's the night of November 13, 1973.*

*Watergate is at high tide.*

*President Nixon holds a live
televised question and answer session*

*with the nation's newspaper editors.*

*His body language says it all.*

*Nixon knew it was not going
to be an easy evening.*

-Mr. Quinn.
-Mr. President,

this morning, governor asked you
at Florida addressed this group-

Stop.

Right there we see Nixons standing
with his hands behind his back,

*which gives the indication
that he has nothing to hide,*

*he's got this open front.*

However, he is holding his wrist
like this behind his back,

and he's touching himself like this.

*Its called the self-touch gesture.*

*He's basically saying: "OK.
Here we go. I can get through this."*

*His words are combative,
but his body language betrays anxiety.*

*As far as money is concerned,*

*how was it possible for you
to have this kind of investment*

*when all you earned
was 800,000 dollars as President?*

*I should point out I wasnt a pauper
when I became president.*

*I wasnt very rich as Presidents goal.*

You can see in his body
as he is trying to defend himself

against the sensory the press called
that he's acting like a pack of wolves.

He is holding himself away
from that podium

like he is going
to be attacked from it.

*In this case,*

*Nixon is trying to protect himself
from some searching questions.*

*That I welcome
this kind of examination.*

Because people have got to know
if their presidents a crook.

I'm not a crook.
I've earned everything Ive got.

He says "I am not a crook,"
and immediately goes into retreat.

His body backs away.

*Really clear tell.*

*When somebody makes a statement,*

a definitive statement,
and immediately retreats,

we know they don't think
they've told the truth,

they know they didn't tell the truth,
They were escaping that lie.

*Nixon also suddenly crosses his arms.*

He goes immediately from that,
quick arm cross to protect himself.

Oh, my God!

I just said something!

*And also did the best of my ability.*

*Right there, shaking his head no.*

*Time and again,
throughout this exchange,*

*Nixon displays
tellingly defensive body language.*

Stop. Look at this.

*Everyone's body language is different.*

*Each person has its own quirks.*

*To unlock the secrets
of body language,*

*the experts rely on
an analytical process*

*they call "norming".*

When it comes
to deciphering body language,

norming is crucial.

*Reading body language,*

*you're looking for what's normal
for that situation.*

And you're looking for what's normal
for that particular person.

*Using the 24/7 coverage
of politicians and celebrities,*

*the experts construct a template
of what's normal for that person.*

See what they do
when they're under no pressure.

See what the person
in front of you is doing

when you're asking them
regular questions about life.

*Then you have a norm.*

*But even without the chance
to get this norm,*

*experts can still read
someone's body language with accuracy.*

*If you don't know
what's normal for that person,*

you go back to the context again

and say: "What would be normal
in that situation?"

If I am asked to look
at a suspect in a crime,

I'm thinking
"What would be a normal response

for a husband whose wife is missing?

"What would be a normal response
for parents if their children are missing?"

And how far from normal
is this behaviour?

*When someone's body language
departs from the norm,*

*it can often be a sign
that all is not well.*

*Britney Spears makes a perfect
body language case study*

*because of her love-hate relationship
with living in the public eye.*

*Spears was in the hate mode here.*

*In terms of how we protect ourselves
when we're in trouble,*

the first thing you have to do
if you're a celebrity

is to cover your eyes.

If people can see your eyes,
they can see your soul.

*So she puts on dark glasses
whether it's night or day.*

Irrelevant. The dark glasses go on.

*These signs of distress are in contrast
to the Britney of earlier times.*

Everything was spontaneous,
relaxed and "look at me. "

Now, she's messed up.

And her body language shows
that lack of control over herself.

Her body language is very defensive
whereas it used to be welcoming.

*She's closing down
and looking panicky*

whereas she used to be
absolutely adoring the limelight.

*Under this kind of intense scrutiny,*

*a celebrity's body language
needs a helping hand.*

*We can only guess it was
sort of coaching or advice*

*that someone in her position is getting.*

I'm sure
she's being advised all the time.

*She's not alone.*

*Take Paris Hilton.*

*She rarely has a night in.*

*So how would she behave
on a night out... of jail?*

*When Paris Hilton
is released from jail,*

*as she emerges into the night,
she knows the world is watching.*

*She knows or has been told
that she's got to demonstrate*

*that she's learned her lesson.*

After all,
she's actually been to jail.

So she can't come out
and be her normal playful self

and jump on a table
and start lapdancing.

Because this moment
doesn't warrant such behaviour.

*Her body language has been
carefully planned in advance.*

*As she walks along,
she straightens herself up a little*

because she knows she's on.

She does an very unusual gesture.

A little kind of prim pose
where she gets her hands,

crosses her fingers
that she holds in front of herself,

*like a very good girl.*

I've never seen her do that gesture
in any other situation.

*In the same way
some people arrive fashionably late,*

she's leaving prison
fashionably punished.

*Paris Hilton's
calculated little girl performance*

*was her way of dealing
with the inevitable media frenzy*

*surrounding her release from jail.*

*Politicians, like celebrities,
are always in the media spotlight.*

*But one world leader has a unique way*

*of using body language
to slide through any situation,*

*however embarrassing:*

*George W. Bush.*

The thing about Bush, no matter
if he says something wrong

*or does some silly mistake...*

What happens with him
is he gets like a kid.

He becomes this little kid, like,
"I made a mistake. "

He does a full-shoulder shrug,

look you in the eye and say
"I tried to get off the store, didn't work".

I tried to escape. It didn't work.

-It's likeable.
-Thank you all.

This playful, likeable trait
that if you saw your 5-year-old kid,

you'd want to pinch his little cheek.
But it's the President of the USA!

*Bush's body language reveals
his resilience to his own mistakes.*

There's an old saying in Tennesse,
I know it's in Texas, maybe in Tennesse,

that says: "Fool me once, shame on...

*Shame on you.*

The fool can't get fooled again.

*A beautiful example of G. W. Bush
being completely lost*

in the middle of what he's saying.

*He pauses a long time,*

he knows that the next word
is "shame on you. "

But he knows also
that he's lost the next sentence.

He has no idea where he's going.

What you see with his head
is "Fool me once"

and he bends down like this,

like they're about
to throw tomatoes at him.

The fool can't get fooled again.

"Fool me once, shame on you"
and then he comes up

and misquotes the who.
"Won't get fooled again. "

Fool me, can't get fooled again.

There's this long pause
where he's evaluating

*if he's made
a complete fool of himself.*

*And then, he carries on regardless.*

We gotta understand the nature
of the regime we're dealing with.

*Body language matters.*

*If you want to be President
of the United States, it's vital.*

The facts are that he has said,
in the last few weeks,

that he really liked
the ideas of the Republicans

*over the last 10 to 15 years.*

*Politicians like Hillary Clinton
and Barack Obama*

*know that words
are only part of their message.*

*Voters are also influenced
by the image they portray.*

*When did it don on politicians
that body language was so powerful?*

*It's 1960.*

*Vice-president R. Nixon
and Senator J. F. Kennedy*

*campaign for the presidency.*

*This election will be a turning point*

*in the relationship
between politicians and body language.*

It really wasn't until "the Great Debate"
between Nixon and Kennedy

the first televised debate,

*that candidates began to realize*

*they had to focus
on their non-verbal visual image.*

Miss, Senator Kennedy.

The things that Senator Kennedy said,
many of us can agree with.

*The candidates square up to each other*

*in front of a televison audience
of 70 million people.*

*Nixon looks far less assured in front
of the cameras than Kennedy.*

*Mr. Nixon, would you like
to comment on that statement?*

I have no comment.

Thank you Mr. Nixon,
that completes the opening...

*Nixon had just come out
of the hospital*

*after receiving treatment
for an injured knee.*

*And then refused make-up
when he got to the TV studio.*

He was a manly man,
he didn't want make-up.

Kennedy said: "Put the make-up on. "
He was already attractive.

*Nixon sweated under the lights.*

*He compared unfavorably
with the tanned and fit-looking Kennedy.*

*In the polls after that debate,*

Nixon to the radio audience
that had only heard him

won by a landslide.

But the polls of the audience
that saw the debate,

Kennedy won by a landslide.

All of a sudden,

politicians realized they had
to be aware of their visual image.

*Nearly 50 years later,*

*today's presidential hopefuls
receive saturation media coverage.*

*Voters observe their every move.*

*Under such scrutiny,*

*managing their image
is a job for the professionals.*

The whole thing is a game
of image versus objectives.

Your objective is to win the vote.

*Body language is of course
an important part of that image.*

*Which is why
many politicans employ coaches.*

*Like Mark Jeffries.*

*Very often,
when working with a politician,*

someone who is trying
to shape an image,

you will ask that politician:
"Who do you admire in the public eye?"

If it's a man, typically it'll be
someone like George Clooney.

*Because he's someone
who embodies style, charm, charisma.*

*And yet isn't extremely young
so he's kind of an ideal model.*

*The very training actors
like Clooney undergo*

*usually leads to
good body language in public.*

That puts them way ahead
of politicians who have to be told

how to walk, where to look,
how to smile even.

*Is it possible to detect signs of
body language coaching in a politician?*

This is Hillary Clinton.

I want to thank you for letting me
speak with you about an issue...

*Here is Hillary Clinton,
back in 1993.*

The overall body language here
is soft, soft, feminine.

"I'm not the President.
I'm the President's wife."

*Back then, Hillary's body language
was very understated.*

Stand up, you silly woman.
Alright.

Okay.

She comes in, a little hunched over

because that's what you do
when you feel slightly threatened.

When you don't feel threatened
and feel very confident,

you stand up very staight,
you thrust your chest out.

*Fastforward 15 years through Hillary's
journey from First Lady to US Senator,*

*to candidate for the democratic
nomination for President.*

*How much
has her body language changed?*

*It's so interesting and dramatic
of a change from earlier Hillary*

to "Hillary light"; there's been this
transformation of her body language,

how she's approaching people.

Now together,

let's give America the kind of comeback
the New Hampshire has given me.

*What she does now*

is she embraces the applause,
she goes up to it.

She almost wants to hug people
for the noise that they're making.

For the reaction
that they're giving her.

*What are the coaching giveaways?*

You can tell when somebody is coached
when their gestures don't seem natural.

When the beat is off slightly.

When you can tell
"I'm thinking and then I'm showing. "

Hillary always looks like she thinks
before she shows anything.

I am not going out there on my own.

*Mark Jeffries also detects signs
of coaching in the new improved Hillary.*

...who believe as I do
that this country is worth fighting for.

When you coach your politician,

you have to create the illusion
that they're loved by many.

Even when you step onto a stage
and the audience is applauding you,

you still have to create this image
that there are people out there

who you know personally,
people you're thrilled to see.

What you do
is you point to the audience.

As many times as
you can use your finger.

"Thanks for coming. " Of course,
there's no one there that they know.

And if you are in the audience,

you're looking at her going
"She's pointing at me. "

"Is there somebody else?"

*The whole thing is a game,
and a brilliant one.*

Because when you watch it on TV,
you go: "She knows so many people!"

*Politicians now know they must
pay attention to the 93% of communication*

*that's non-verbal.*

*But what role does body language
have in everyday life?*

*Does good body language
help close a deal?*

*To find out, we hired two women
to pose as new car customers.*

*Our pretend customers Jackie and Kacy,
are rigged with hidden cameras*

*so our experts can watch
the car salesman in action.*

*First stop is a BMW showroom,*

*where they're greeted by Cory,
one of the salesman.*

Look at the fixing the tie,
doing some cleaning.

Must have saw
that there are two cute girls waiting.

*He's fixing things up.*

-Hi, I'm Jackie, nice to meet you.
-Nice to meet you too.

-Hi, I'm Kacy.
-Hi, Kacy.

I wanted to come and take a look
at something in the 3 series

if you have some available.
-Certainly.

*Kind of quick on the handshake
but he was smiling, genuine.*

Look at how he approaches.

The salesman approaches the two women,
he's got a giant smile,

which is what he needs to have.

*He's also got his head
slightly forward,*

*which is very important
for displaying submissiveness.*

*Very useful for a salesman.*

*Salesman Cory has started off well.*

*Looks like he put a winter coat on,
and an umbrella.*

*He's gonna take the girls outside.
He wants to make a sale.*

*And it looks like he's going
to give Jackie and Kacy a test drive.*

*I'm looking more at the sedan,
I think.*

I'm not looking for anything
particularly fast necessarily.?

This is the big moment. Thank you.
-Here's the key.

*Look at him messing around.
This guy's on his A-game.*

*Great posture, he had a little jump
to step in going to the car.*

*And off they go.*

I believe this salesman's body language
is near perfect throughout.

*Cory gets high marks
from our experts.*

*But were our customers impressed
by his performance?*

What did you think
of Cory's first impression?

I thought he was very friendly,
easy to talk to, down to earth.

His body language would've helped
or hurt an actual sale with you guys?

Personally, I think it'd have helped.
-It'd have helped.

*His body language in
with his personality.*

*The following morning,
they go to a Toyota dealership.*

*This time,
there'll be an extra hidden camera*

*rigged inside the frame
of Jackie's sunglasses.*

-This is Jackie.
-Hi, Jackie.

-It's Jerry.
-Nice to meet you.

*How will salesman Jerry
compare with Cory?*

*In this position where we see Jerry,
see what he's doing with his thumbs?*

*He's rubbing his hands,
that's called the self-touch gesture.*

*Jerry's self-touch gesture is similar
to Richard Nixon's hand rubbing*

*during the Watergate investigations.*

*This is a comfort gesture,*

it means that he's feeling
in some way uncomfortable.

Body language
can't be considered in isolation.

It's usually an amplifier
to what you're already saying.

He's moving calmly, he's assuring
but he's not assuring to them.

He's essentially assuring himself.

Both cars come with a built-in remote.

*Here's the problem.
He's looking down.*

*He did not connect with eye contact
with the women.*

*Here, there's a disconnect.*

*By standing up, you're saying:
"I"m more important than you. "*

*He should be down,
crouched on his knees a little bit.*

*Inside the car, Jerry's showing off
the various features.*

*But is his body language helping
to persuade a potential customer?*

-Oh, my God.
-That is very nice.

*People buy not based on the product.*

*They don't even buy based
on the data about the product.*

*Ultimately, they buy based on how
the feel about the salesman.*

*So how do Kacy and Jackie
feel about Jerry?*

He seemed a little distant to me.
In general.

It got better as it went on in time

but there was some distance
throughout the sale.

*Comparing their experiences,*

*we asked them which salesman
would be more likely to sell them a car.*

Cory, definitely!
-Definitely, why?

Look at your genuine smiles pop up.
-Because he has a genuine smile!

He had confidence, sure,
but it wasn't overconfidence.

*It was natural. He just had it.*

*One of the acknowledged? masters
of body language*

*is former president Bill Clinton.*

Bill Clinton is great
at establishing rapport?.

He's one of the all-time best.

*In this televised Town Meeting
in San Diego back in 1993,*

*Clinton shows off his skills.*

My own belief is
that we do need more jobs.

And that we do need jobs tied?
to continuing education and training.

Bill Clinton has
all the classic charismatic factors:

*likability, power, attractiveness.*

If you look at Germany, Great Britain,
France, all the world-

*He's a powerhouse because he's open.
He's giving us his full front dorsing?.*

"I've nothing to hide.
We're together. We're alike. "

That's what rapport is.

Every good speaker,
who speaks formally,

expresses from the heart.

*Clinton expresses from the heart.*

*Clinton's gestures deliver his message
to an knee-size? audience.*

We do not need
to build a bridge to the past,

we need to build a bridge to the future.
And that is what I commit to you to do.

He gestures on the beat.
Very significant.

*Telling whether somebody's
being authentic, honest,*

you want to make sure they're gesturing
just a second before they say it.

You feel it, you show it
and then you say it.

He's gesturing just before he says it.

*The real mark
of a body language master though*

*is how they deal
with a difficult situation.*

*My question is:*

can you name one country that has taxed
and spent itself back into prosperity?

-President?
-The answer to your question-

You can see staight away that he is
not happy with that question at all.

He betrays very quickly
and for a very short period of time

the fact that
he does not have an answer.

He does the mouth pulling.

The answer to your question
is I can't.

But you can't fairly
characterize my program.

*I have cut more spending
than my predecessors did.*

*He's very quick.
He instantly regains his composure.*

That's one of the things with him,
he has this power to regain composure.

*Like Bill Clinton,
Tony Blair has a reputation*

*for composure in public.*

*But it didn't always come naturally.*

*Blair, his wife Cherie? and children
are posing for the cameras*

*on the day he first became
British Prime Minister.*

*Then came the moment
everyone was waiting for.*

*You're told as a political couple
you must show a bit of love*

from time to time, show the voters
you're real and normal people.

The crowd is applauding,
he puts his arm around Cherie,

as if he's gonna hug her.

Cherie, remembering her lesson,
decides to go for the kiss.

He then grabs her,
puts his hand right in front of her,

*so that she can't kiss him.*

He almost blocks her with his hand,
like "No, not now dear. "

She goes and does a little cat thing
on his chest.

It's at that moment when she does that
that he realizes he's missed the boat.

That actually,
he was supposed to kiss her.

*But then, it's too late
'cause everyone's seen the effort*

and you can hear a little bit
of booing from the crowd

then he realizes he's made a mistake
so he kind of kissed her hair.

*The whole thing was rather embarrassing.*

*Rookie politicians aren't the only ones
to give themselves away.*

*Even the masters can get exposed.*

*Take this promotional appearance in 2005*

*by actors Angelina Jolie
and the recently-separated Brad Pitt.*

Thank you, guys.

When it came to the premiere
of "Mr. and Mrs. Smith",

Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt,
their body language was screaming to me.

There's more of a story here.

*The press
had been full of speculation*

*about whether Pitt and Jolie
were having a secret romance.*

Just before they run the film,
Brad Pitt says cute little things,

and Angelina Jolie
becames like Princess Diana,

with the whole looking down,
she looks up at Brad Pitt and back down.

"Take care of me".

It is a massive flirting technique.

For me, it was the crucial point

that said there's something more
to the story here.

We're really excited by it,
we know you're gonna like it.

It's great fun.

*Instead of being a chum and a pal,*

why does she have
this little girl flirting thing going on?

*Just a few months later,
Pitt and Jolie became an official item.*

*President Clinton
had a more serious problem*

*when rumours of his relationship
with Monica Lewinsky*

*began to circulate.*

*He decided to make
a very public televised denial.*

*His words very crystal clear.*

I worked till pretty late last night

but I wanna say one thing
to the Americans.

*Clinton was addressing
both the TV audience*

*and the reporters of the White House.*

I did not have sexual relationship
with Miss Lewinsky.

*But his normally assured body language
was not conveying a reassuring message.*

These allegations are false.

And I need to go back to work
for the American people. Thank you.

To show your integrity,
your face, head, gestures and body

need to be in alignment. In this case,
he's gesturing in one direction,

and looking in another direction.

So he's pointing here
but looking here.

That's a disconnect.
It doesn't make sense.

Why is there an incongruence?

It should be:
"America, I wanna tell you something".

*Now, look again at the way
the president's head moves.*

I never told anybody to lie.
Not a single time. Never.

Never, never, not a single time.

We see the head shaking no

but we didn't see the head shaking no

when he said he didn't have
sexual relationship with that woman.

Though he's trying
to control his body language,

*the truth was leaking out.*

*Out on the streets,*

*reading body language accurately can be
the difference between life and death.*

*On a typical patrol,*

*these police officers
are constantly evalutating people*

*based on their gestures
and facial expressions.*

*As of right now,
I see one person in the car.*

Throughout my time, my career,

the first thing I look at
is people's eyes.

Because eyes don't lie.

You could put your hands
in your pocket,

you can take a seat on a chair,
but your eyes don't lie.

*How to read body language accurately*

*is an important lesson
in police training.*

How you sit, dress, walk
tells me who you are.

*Whether you're a wolf, or a sheep.*

*Former Marine Corps Intelligence Officer
Frank Marsh*

*has an audience
of law-enforcement officials*

*from all over the state of New Jersey.*

*In the Western world,*

what happens when a man
gets in your face like this?

We're about to fight!

In the Middle East,
this is how they talk.

*They'll even argue like this.*

*Marines are getting in trouble*

because these Arabs
would get in front of their face

and the Marines would hit them
and down they drop.

And the Arabs
would stand up and go:

"Why'd you hit me?"
-Because you got in my face.

With Americans,
if you get in a male's face,

it's a challenge to fight.

So pay attention
to somebody's body language.

*Officers Jones and Ruchy
are on a patrol in Mount Vernon,*

*north of New York City.*

*They pull over a woman
for going through a red light.*

*As Ruchy approaches the car,*

*he has to be sensitive
to the body language of the driver.*

*If she's fidgety,*

and can't give a direct answer
to a question,

if her hands are moving,

*if she's constantly looking
at her rear-view mirror...*

*Officer Ruchy is very comfortable
with this car stop.*

*Police officers have learned
through bitter experience*

*that if they don't keep
their body language antenna tuned,*

*things can go terribly wrong.*

*Former Sergeant in the NYPD
Lou Savelli*

*trains police officers to recognize
key body language indicators.*

*He uses this video of a 1998 incident
recorded by a dashbord camera*

*to point out the danger in
not being sensitive to body signals.*

What you have here
is a sheriffs deputy in Georgia

pulls over a vehicle
for a traffic infraction.

As he pulls the vehicle over,

several indicators tell us
that this was gonna be a bad stop.

*The sheriffs deputy was alone.*

The car is stopped,
and right away he opens his door,

which tells he's either
gonna attack the officer

or hes hiding something
in the vehicle.

He's trying to distance himself
from that vehicle.

Everybody knows
once a police pull you over,

you're supposed to stay in the car.

*Come on back here for me.
Come on back.*

*The driver gets out of the vehicle,
which is alarm bell number one.*

Here, the officer says:
Now, step towards me..

He hesitates.
Hes not ready to do his thing,

because he doesnt wanna do
based on what the officer says.

Hes got a plan in his mind.

More indicators that hes about
to do something to this officer.

*Comes out, closes his coat,
which tells hes nervous.*

*He goes right,
puts his hands into his pockets.*

That tells you that he is either
nervous about what's about to happen,

hes gonna get aggressive,
or may have something in his pockets.

*Keep your hands out of your pockets.*

*Alarm bell number two:*

*the driver is out of his car,
he's put his hands in his pockets,*

*both potentially threatening
body language indicators.*

*Now the sheriffs deputy
gets out of his patrol car*

*to talk to the driver.*

He's dancing around
trying to intimidate the officer,

show that: Im not listening to you,
you have no authority of me. "

*And right before
he finishes up his dancing routine,*

*he claps his hands.*

Clapping the hands is one
of the last indicator you see

when someone is about to fight.

They clap the hands
to get the blood flowing,

then they got to attack,
and thats exactly what he does.

*Come here! Sir, get back!*

*A scuffle ensues off camera.*

*And before the deputy can stop him,*

*the pick-up driver
goes back to his vehicle.*

*He appears
to be searching for something.*

*I repeat my line. Get back here now!*

*The driver now has a gun.*

*Put the gun down!
What I got now the gun. I need help.*

*The situation gets out of control.*

*Shots are fired.*

*And the deputy is killed.*

*This horrific incident
is one of many examples*

*Savelli uses
for body language training.*

*Its important to read body language
for a police officer*

*because if you can recognize a threat
that you are in danger,*

*you can counteract that threat.*

*Its the most important thing
to teach police officers.*

*I believe more important
than self-defense, firearms tactics*

*is that they need to understand
when they are being threatened.*

*Out on the street, a police officer
can use often subtle body language*

*or tells to pick up on possible
guilty or criminal behavior.*

There's various ways
that people try to hide a gun.

One of the most common is blading.

They notice an officer on one side,

they'll blade their body
real quick this way.

Keep the bolter on this side
away from the view of the officers.

Another way of concealing a weapon

is by billowing your shirt or coat
by pulling down like this.

The weapons arent visible.

If Im gonna try to grip my gun,

my thumbs gonna twitch like this
and clears the top of the shirt.

My hands are gonna go up.

The first thing Im gonna got
is my thumb and a pull-up.

Ill try to rid my weapon.

I know that my thumbs gonna clear
this weapon before I pull it out.

*Blading, billowing
and the thumb twitch,*

*all potentially threatening signals
for those that can see them.*

*For police officers,
there are situations when body language*

*has to be evaluated
in just a fraction of a second.*

*When Savelli was a New York cop,*

*he worked in Narcotics
with Officer Paul Rossi.*

Our team
was making undercover of vice.

We are hitting drug locations,
end up coming to this drug location.

I'd do a buy-and-buster
on the undercover, make a buy.

Then us and part of the field team
would go in and bust the drug dealer.

*The drug dealer, on this occasion,
ran for it towards this street corner.*

We were up there.
We cant fire around the corner.

Then we cant fire him here.
We saw him run into there.

Saw the back of him from a distance.
And then we just throw in.

We jumped out of the car,
arrived right over here.

Yep, I remember. The drug dealer
was familiar with the neighborhood.

We come out. We fly out the car.
We see him coming around.

He goes in and what he sees Lou is

The back of his body
goes right through the door.

We come in.
We're face to face with him.

And of course when we come in,
the gun was already at him all this time.

*A man was standing behind the counter
with a gun, pointed straight at them.*

Im doing this trying
to hide behind something.

Lous coming up that side.

*Both Lou and Paul were about to shoot.*

Drop the gun.

By that time, Lou is up.

Something about the guy
told us he wasnt a danger to us.

The way he was acting, holding the gun,

the way his body was point,
the way of his eyes.

Although his face was fixed on Paul,
his eyes kept going that way

which meant
he wasnt intent on hurting us.

*The man behind the shop counter
was a frightened shop clerk.*

We hear the gun go hit the floor.

Turns out his eyes
were giving up the guy in the back.

His body language told us
that guy's back there.

We went to the back room,
caught the guy in the back room hiding.

We got our drug dealer
in the back room.

*It all only lasted for a few seconds.*

*Savelli knows it was his split
second reading of body language*

*that stopped him
from shooting the shop clerk.*

*More than half of what we communicate
is through the gestures we make*

*and the looks on our face.*

*Scientists have dissected
the thousands of different expressions*

*that appear on the human face.*

*The secret to understanding
the face correctly*

*is learning how to decode
the expressions that all of us use.*

*In the late 1960s,
a pioneering American psychologist,*

*Dr. Paul Ekman, tried to discover if
there were universal facial expressions*

*that crossed all cultural boundaries.*

Dr. Paul Ekman
is like the Buddha of body language.

*Ekman is so important
because of a study he conducted*

*that compare the emotions
in facial expressions of people*

*in Papua New Guinea, and Japan*

*with those of people
in Western countries.*

*His team
asked volunteers to make faces*

*corresponding to a particular emotion
and filmed the result.*

*Ekman found
that there were 7 universal expressions*

*of emotions on the face:*

happiness,

sadness,

anger,

fear,

surprise,

contempt,

*and disgust.*

We all have them, doesnt matter
if you are 6, 66 or 106.

Doesnt matter if you are born
in Iran, Japan or the United States.

They appear pretty much
the same way in our face.

*But Ekmans facial research
didnt stop there.*

He developed an entire system
of looking at the muscles of the face.

Such as movements that would happen
between this muscle and this muscle

so you can get a smile.

He then characterized those
giving us a centering alphabet

whereby scientists
could talk to one another

and characterize exactly what
facial movements people were making.

*The influence
of Ekmans facial expression research*

*can be seen today.*

Can we turn off the lights please?

Look happy, sad

*This is a demonstration
of the face reader.*

*The very latest and automated
facial recognition technology.*

Surprised.

*Face reader uses the 7 basic emotions
as established by Paul Ekman,*

*and 55 points on human face
to classify those 7 basic emotions.*

*The face reader
instantly maps the complex interactions*

*of the muscles of the human face.*

*These colored graph bars*

*represent the type of emotion
appearing on the face.*

*Every expression is given a value*

*in terms of the degree of happiness,
sadness, anger and so on.*

*Technology like this
is being used in all sorts of fields.*

Consumer research
how do people react to different foods,

marketing research
how do people react to ads.

*Today, facial recognition systems*

*are being installed in airports
to refine security checks.*

*The face communicates so much more
than just the 7 universal emotions.*

*Ekman identified more
than 3,000 different facial expressions*

*that convey a meaning
that most of us will react to,*

*both consciously and unconsciously.*

*Todays politicians*

*are acutely aware of the importance
of non-verbal communication.*

*They employ coaches
to hone their gestures.*

*But new research
suggests they would do well*

*to pay more attention
to the expressions on their face.*

I will be our partys nominee
for President in the United States.

Thank you.

*Every presidential candidate
has to try to win our trust.*

*They need us to believe
they're competent for the job*

*before we're willing to vote for them.*

You and I together,
we will change this country

*But how do we decide
whether they're competent or not?*

*We asked Georgetown University*

*to rerun a revealing experiment
conducted at Princeton in 2005.*

*Student volunteers
make instant decisions*

*between pairs of faces
appearing on the screen.*

*The students task is to decide
in sometimes less than half a second*

*which of the two people
is the more competent.*

*It seems that we are
so sensitive to facial expressions*

*that we are comfortable
making snap judgments like this.*

*Even when the students
have several seconds to choose,*

*they dont alter
their initial decision.*

*What they dont know
is that the photographs*

*are of candidates
who were running for the Senate,*

*the House and Governor
in 2002 and 2004.*

*What kinds of expressions
communicate competence?*

I'd say a genuine smile.

Anytime there is a nice smile.

If there was no smile,

maybe I didnt think
they were as competent.

*What other expressions
influence the students?*

I wanted someone
that had a genuine look.

Eye contact.

Looks you in the eye.

I think I tend to pick
the ones had more stoic face.

*An interesting pattern
emerged in the students' choices.*

*As in the original Princeton experiment,*

*more than 70% of the faces
they chose as more competent*

*turned out to be the people
who were actually elected for office.*

*This suggets that come election day,*

*the expression on a politician's face
is an important factor in our choice.*

*We're hardwired to understand
3,000 different facial expressions.*

*But there's even more information
to be gleaned from the human face.*

*If you've got the skill.*

*It takes a keen eye to spot
what's known as "a microexpression".*

Microexpressions are the expressions
that come out quickly

from your emotional state before
you have time to think about them.

You might be in the middle
of saying something happy

and then your face would suddenly
form itself into a very sad face.

But just for half a second.

And then your face
would resume its happiness.

These are quite rare
but when you see them,

it shows that the person
is actually trying to hide something.

*During his campaing for governor,*

*Arnold Schwarzenegger
gave this speech at a rally.*

What I want to say to you is
yes, I have behaved badly sometimes.

*He was responding to allegations
of sexual misconduct.*

*But are his regretful words
backed up by his facial expressions?*

I like to watch
something like this frame by frame

so I can see those microexpressions.

And I have done things
I thought then were playful.

*But now, I recognize...*

Here, we have this look of rage.

A snarl that comes across his face
instantaneously, fraction of a second.

Microexpressions
can be a 20 fifth of a second.

That shows he is angry
about having to make this apology,

at being attacked in this way.

*View it again in slow motion.*

*The microexpression can be isolated.*

*As Schwarzenegger opens his mouth,*

*his nose muscles flare upwards
into a momentary snarl.*

*But it seems the voters
didn't spot this body language giveaway.*

*Three days later,
he was elected Governor of California.*

*People who are media savvy
sometimes think they can*

*fool the world over our eyes.*

*But their faces
can still give them away.*

*In 2004,
track-and-field star Marion Jones*

*held a press conference
following allegations*

*that she had been taking
performance-enhancing drugs.*

First of all,
I'd like to thank everybody

for coming out today
on such short notice.

*She was being investigated*

*by the United States'
Anti-Doping Agency, USADA.*

To begin, I wanted the world
to have an opportunity to hear from me.

*JJ Newberry runs the Institute
of Analytic Interviewing in California.*

*He trains people
to identify the telltale signs*

*in a persons face
that indicate they could be lying.*

...So that you can get
a good idea of how I am feeling

She's saying she wants us
to know how shes feeling,

so Im gonna look to see if
shes gonna express how shes feeling.

That in the end the truth'll prevail
and my name will be cleared.

However,
the events of the last several weeks

have led me more in sadness
than in anger.

Have led me more in sadness
than in anger...

but she doesnt show sadness
and she doesnt show anger.

Ill ask you what is missing
from this whole tape?

If somebody accuses you
of something you didnt do,

would you be mad,
or would you be sad?

Id be mad at them!

And I have done all I can do
to provide USADA

with information
that I have knowledge of,

because I believe
in the drug-free sport.

*As Newberry
watches Joness performance,*

*he looks for microexpressions that
may conflict with what she was saying*

*and reveal her true emotions.*

*Her eyebrows go up
almost into the corner.*

Eyebrows are up
and coming together in the corner,

almost like a fear.

*Surprise and fear almost together.*

Ideally, if she's telling the truth,
we'd like to see the brows come down.

Because she should be angry.

*You're being falsely accused
of something you didn't do,*

the brows should come down.

I have truthfully answered
every question asked of me under oath.

There shouldn't be fear and surprise.

It might leak out maybe a little bit.
But it's non-stop here.

The fear and surprise is the dominant
emotion leaking out subconsciously.

*Fear and surprise
weren't the only emotions*

*leaking from Jones' face.*

If the truth is told,

then my name will be cleared
and I can move on with my life.

"The truth can be told,
then I can move on with my life. "

Then immediately, she creates
this unbelievably sad expression.

She looks down,
she's got a long face.

*Marion Jones' brief flash of sadness
is a classic example*

*of what experts call "a hotspot".*

*These are facial expressions*

*that seem to be at odds
with what someone is saying.*

*Or inconsistent
with how they would be expected*

*to behave in a given situation.*

That's a point where you have
to look for more information.

It could mean a lie
but also many different things.

Do we know that it's guilty
and not something else?

At the time,
it would've been very hard to tell.

*For Newberry,
the biggest hotspot of all*

*is the absence of
one specific emotion on Jones' face.*

It's not what you're seeing,
it's what you're not seeing.

You're not seeing an angered response.

I'm not going to engage
in USADA's secret kangaroo court.

*Jones' words were defiant.
Her face certainly wasn't.*

*Her body language just didn't go
with what she was saying.*

*Three years later,
all that had changed.*

*Here she emerges from court
to face the media again.*

*Having been found guilty
of lying under oath to federal agents.*

It is with a great amound of shame

that I stand before you,

and tell you
that I have betrayed your trust.

It moves me now to even talk about it.

That's what happens
when people are being authentic.

You are taken to thei level
of pain, anger, fear.

When she's finally coming clean,

you see a more relaxed Marion Jones.

And I am responsible fully
for my actions.

*This kind of facial analysis*

*can be applied to anonymous people
catapulted into the media spotlight.*

I just can't stress it enough
that we just got to get them home.

That's just where they belong,
with their mamma and daddy.

*Susan Smith's face was all over
national television in late 1994*

*after she claimed her two young sons
had been abducted.*

*JJ Newberry saw Smith's
televised appeal for their safe return.*

*Shortly afterwards,*

*she admitted
she had murdered her children.*

That was very obvious to us.

Before she even confessed.

Anybody can look at this after the fact
and come up with all this.

We actually did it before.

*Why was Newberry so confident
of Smith's guilt?*

*First thing we all notice
is that there was no real tears.*

It was a fake cry.

I want to say to my babies

that your mamma loves you so much.

This is all connected:
eyes, ears, nose and throat.

So when you start crying,
the physiology takes over:

your sinuses swell up,
your nose starts running

you start swallowing
and the tears come out.

You don't see any of that.

*Smith's performance
is peppered with hotspots.*

*We don't see any stress
in the forehead.*

And when she's?,
she's closing her eyes.

She's thinking
about what she's gonna say.

About what she did, who knows?

All I know is there are hotspots.

A hotspot does not indicate a lie.

It's simply a hotspot,

an emotional response
that should tell the interviewer:

"I have to delve further into
this aspect of what she's saying".

There is not one minute
that passes by

that I'm not thinking
about these boys.

*Now take a look at the face
of Smith's husband, David,*

*during the same press conference.*

We ask

that you continue to pray

for me and my wife
and for our family.

But most of all, that you continue
to pray for Michael and Alex.

*Where she's faking it for the cameras,
his face tells a different story.*

You do not have to be
a body language expert

to look at someone
and as they're experiencing emotions,

to feel it.

His emotions and facial expressions
are more consistent than his wife's.

Susan Smith
has no activity on her forehead.

The husband, his brow is down,
very engaged in stress.

His jaw... he's very stressed.
This is an emotional person.

He does have concerns, feelings.

He's showing this emotion.

The evidence was right there.

We just had to open our eyes
and look at the body language.

*Body language is about the gestures
we're all familiar with.*

*And the fleeting facial expressions
that often escape our notice.*

*Together, they make up
55% of human communication.*

*But a crucial 38%
comes from the voice.*

*There's its tone and pitch.*

We have to choose between
change and more of the same.

*Its speed.*

We have to choose between
looking backwards and forwards.

*And rhythm.*

We have to choose
between our future

and our past.

*Barack Obama's voice
seems very natural.*

*But most politicians work very hard*

*to achieve a sound
that impresses the voters.*

Body language and voice tone

have a profound effect
on how well you communicate.

Normally,
as people rise up the runs?,

the more noticeable they are,
the more likely they'll have coaching.

By the end,
most politicians at the very top

will have thought about body language
and especially their voice tone.

How did their voice is,
and how modulated and slow it is.

I personally think they had ideas
but they were bad ideas.

Bad ideas for America...

*Female politicians*

*have an additional hurdle
to overcome with male voters.*

Research shows that a woman's voice

effects the emotional part
of a man's brain.

So we think women are so emotional
when they speak.

So shame on you, Barack Obama!

*Former British Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher*

*provides a voice-case study
for British impressionist Steve Nallon.*

*This is Thatcher in 1960
when she was a new member of Parliament.*

Very much so.

but speaking in the House of Commons
is a unique experience.

What's really intersting about Thatcher
is she's young, in her early 30s,

and for anybody in their early 30s,
you have a younger sounding.

And it really is
very very high up here.

Over the years,
that was brought lower,

because it doesn't sound as good;
it sounds patronizing.

Very very high.

The higher the pitch,
the more shrill of a waiss?;

the less credibility it's given.
It's perceived very negatively.

*Our voices often become marginally
lower in tone as we get older.*

*But Thatcher appears to have
given this process a helping hand.*

*Fastforward to the year 1983.*

*She's just won a second term
as Prime Minister.*

I think we should have
to make up our minds

about the Cabinet very quickly.

Otherwise,
the press will discuss it all for me.

She's learned, as a politician,

that that high sound
is not going to help her get elected.

Did I say it?

Even husky,
sexy voice just might appeal.

*Evidence can be found though*

*that despite
Mrs. Thatcher's suspected coaching,*

*her natural voice
would often reassert itself.*

I must say I can't stand
those who carp and criticize

when they ought to be congratulating
Britain on a magnificient achievement.

At this stage in her premiership,
although the voice was very low,

it'd been sort of trained to be low.

Just wait a little more patiently.
After all, not all results are in yet.

When she gets excited,
those old shrills keep coming back.

I can't stand
those who carp and criticize.

*If you want
to make it as a top politician,*

*you need to know how
to deliver a great line.*

If you see liberalization:
come here to this gate!

Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate.

*Known as "The Great Communicator,"
President Ronald Reagan was reknown*

*for his ability to use his voice
to work a crowd.*

Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.

*Among today's politicians,
Barack Obama stands out*

*for his effect on an audience.*

*How does he do it?*

Thank you, Iowa.

They said...

They said...

They said this day would never come.

Obama has used his voice
to match his body,

to get gravatass?
and yet a massive response.

The melody within his voice
rouses people.

They start to join in with the rhythm
of the words as they flow.

They believe themselves
to be part of it.

It's a great trick of auditory.

They said
our sights were set too high.

The canes? and the rhythm
are hypnotic.

So he actually speaks on a beat.

It's a model of a Baptist preachure.

They said
this country was too divided.

He's got an incredible resonance
for his voice.

When he says: "They said... ",

it's almost as if
there's reburb on the voice.

He builds the voice up,
starts down here, builds up,

builds up here
and has that long long pause.

*And then,
he lets the audience have it.*

We are one nation, one people
and our time for change has come.

It's so powerful!

He doesn't really matter
what he's saying

because his voice tells you
what you should be feeling

about what he's saying;
the words become irrelevant.

You might not even remember the words
after he's finished speaking.

But you feel something
really really powerful.

*John McCain
has a very different style.*

I didn't need to tell you
what the polls said you wanted to hear.

I didn't tell you
what I knew to be false.

I didn't try to spend you.

John McCain uses his voice

almost in the exact opposite way
that Barack Obama does.

*Here, McCain is speaking*

*on the night he won
the 2008 New Hampshire primary.*

I just talked to the people
of New Hampshire.

I talked about the country we love.

Number one: he's reading this speech,
his eyes are down for most of the time.

The words are very important to him.

He has a little bit of a nasal voice.
He speaks from up in his head.

And has sort of a little accent:
he squeezes his words together

so it sounds like you're talking
to a salesman of some sort.

Or someone who's a technician.

The work that awaits us
in this hour, on our watch...

He's saying:
"I'm not Mr. Slick Presentor.

I'm not someone who will wow you
with the ryhthm of my voice.

I'm gonna tell you how it is. "

*McCain's unadorn sound fits needly
with the words of his speeches.*

*He makes a virtue
of being a straight talker.*

I will never surrender!

*Tony Blair is another
consumit? public speaker.*

*A master at judging
how to pitch his vocal performance.*

I say to the people of this country

we run for office as New Labour,
we will govern as New Labour.

*But our experts
have identified at least one moment*

*when his performance
was almost too perfect.*

*It's the morning of August 31, 1997.*

*Tony Blair has just received the news
of the death of Princess Diana.*

*All eyes are on him.*

I feel like everyone else
in the country today,

utterly devastated.

Our thoughts and prayers
are with Princess Diana's family.

Tony Blair,
in this particular piece of footage,

is fantastically milking the sadness.

Some of it is really sadness
in this feature.

But Diana's death didn't affect him
nearly as much as he's making out.

Normally, he has a very rapid delivery
almost like a machine gunfire.

When somebody is being real,

authentically feeling something,

it isn't very that dramatically
from their normal rate of speech.

*Blair's delivery here
seems studiously slow.*

in particular to her sons and boys.

Our hearts go out to them.

You can hear him off
and taking long breaths in or out.

He's giving a slightly less
powerful voice for sadness.

He's using lots of...

pauses.

And you can see him preparing to act.

We are today

a nation, in Britain,
in a state of shock.

Then he makes the statement.

*So the voice doesn't sound natural.*

She was the people's princess.

And that's how she will stay,
how she will remain.

You can see that he also...

swallows, really big swallows
for the sadness as well.

*Like the other aspects
of body language,*

*our voices can be hard to control.*

*They can give us away.*

*Especially when we're under stress.*

*This is very personal for me.*

*On the eve of the crucial
2008 New Hampshire primary,*

*Hillary Clinton is asked a question*

*that many feel changed the tide
of the primary contests for a while.*

As a woman, I know
it's hard to get out of the house

and to get ready and my question is:
how do you do it?

I couldn't do it
if I didn't passionately believe

it was the right thing to do.

*Then suddenly,
the tone of Hillary's voice changes.*

I have so many opportunities
from this country.

I just don't wanna
see this fall backwards.

*Many commentators believed*

*that this moment
helped swing the vote in her favor.*

*But was it real of fake emotion
coming out in her voice?*

This is very personnal for me.
It's not just political or public.

I see what's happening.

And we have to reverse it.

And some people think

elections are a gain,
it's like who's up or who's down.

It's about our country,
our kids' futures.

It's really about all of us,
together.

This is a difficult one because
at this time in the campaign,

she was often being accused
of being a little hard, cold.

It was almost like it was required
that she should prove

that she's a woman
and maybe show some emotion.

Some people think

elections are a gain,
it's like who's up or who's down.

Her voice gets quiet,

and it even starts
to crack on the word "elections".

She starts
to have her voice fall apart.

If you just listen to her voice,

you can hear it crack and break up

as she's speaking.

A lot of politicians have practiced
and gotten that down pat.

In this case,
you can hear it's real.

*Others are not so sure.*

It's about our country,
our kids' futures.

If I was being synical,

and had coached Hillary
to cry at some stage,

*that'd be the moment to do it.*

*Body language works as a package.*

*Gestures, facial expressions,
and the sound of the voice.*

*But what if we take away
the visual clues?*

*How good are we then at decoding
the secret messages of the human voice?*

*We devised an experiment
to find out.*

*These Georgetown university students
are listening to two audio clips.*

*All they know is that both recordings
are of distressed parents*

*talking about their missing children
in front of reporters.*

*First, Mark Lansford talking
to reports in Florida in March 2005*

*about the search
for his daughter Jessica.*

*She had been missing
for nearly three weeks.*

I have confidence
in my sheriff's department.

And I truly believe in my heart
that my daughter is coming home.

*I just don't know when.*

*Sometimes,
it's a little hard to swallow.*

But you swallow it and keep searching

because that's what
she wants me to do.

*Lansford's search
would sadly be in vain.*

*A few days later,*

*it was discovered that his daughter
had been murdered by a local man.*

*Next, a recording of Susan Smith
in South Carolina*

*whose two young sons
had allegedly been abducted.*

I came to express
how much they are wanted back home.

*This emotional public appeal
occured in November 1994.*

*Ten days
after the disappearance of her sons.*

*We love 'em, we miss 'em.*

*Later that same day,
she would confess to their murder.*

*As the students listen,*

*their physiological reactions
are being monitored.*

*Heart rate and the degree of sweating
are both measured.*

*Deprived of any visual clues,*

*what is their impression
of the two recordings?*

I felt that the mother
in the second recording

sounded really desperate.

You could hear that she really
wanted her kids to come home.

*For the majority of students,
Smith's voice sounds very convincing.*

*How does Lansford compare?*

I focus on searching for Jessi
and try to block everything else.

You could tell
he was also missing his daughter

but it wasn't as... engaging.

He seemed
to be holding it together a lot more

until the very end,
and then he cracked a little bit.

*8 out the 10 students failed
to identify anything in Smith's voice*

*that would suggest
she had something to hide.*

*This shows
that most people find it hard*

*to tell if someone is lying
just from their voice.*

*But two did detect something
that didn't ring true.*

The woman didn't seem
to be talking about her own children

but other people's children.

I thought her emotions
seemed a little more forced

than the man's. Comparing the two,

I thought the man
was more sincere in his reaction.

*The physiological data
from these two students*

*revealed their bodies weren't picking up
on something in Smith's voice.*

*Now, new technology is trying
to identify the subtle changes*

*that occur in our voices when we lie.*

*Could this be the key
to detecting deception?*

*It's now possible*

*to analyze a voice recording
with some scientific precision.*

*This recording
is of Lee Harvey Oswald,*

*arrested shortly
after President Kennedy was shot.*

*Lynn Robbins,
CEO of Voice Analysis Technologies,*

*is assessing Oswald's voice
with an investigative tool*

*used by over 70 different
law-enforcement and federal agencies.*

*It's called:
"Layered Voice Analysis", LVA.*

*The brain communicates
with the human voice box.*

*It's not something you can control.*

With this technology,
it's difficult to learn how to beat it.

You would never be able to beat it.

*As we speak
and think about what we're saying,*

*our brain is sending messages
to our voice box,*

*which constantly varies
the sound our voices produce.*

*Layered voice analysis
evaluates the several audio variations*

*labels them in different categories
of emotional mental activity.*

*Such as inaccuracy.*

*Or probable false.*

I pratically know nothing
about this situation.

*As Lee Harvey Oswald speaks,*

*the categories
of mental activity identified by LVA*

*are giving number values that appear
on the right hand-side of the screen.*

The numbers mean everything:
the higher the number in some values,

the better the chances they're not
being completely honest with you.

*Now watch what happens to the read-out
when Oswald is asked this question:*

*Did you kill the President?*

No, I've not been charged with that.
Nobody has said that to me yet.

The first thing I heard about it
was when the newspaper reporters

in the hall...
asked me that question.

*The high numbers appearing
in the category "probable false"*

*suggest that in this instance,*

*it's highly likely
that Oswald was lying.*

Nobody's told me anything,
except that I'm accused of...

of murdering a police man.

I know nothing more than that.

And I do request
that someone come forward.

That is a false statement.

"I know nothing more than that. "
He did know what took place.

It appears that he really knew
what took place

because in this whole statement,
there's inaccurate and false.

*Obviously, Robbins' analyzing someone
who was in a stressful situation.*

*Where their voice was more likely
to show signs of lying.*

*But can this technology
pick up signs of deception*

*from someone
who is not under any stress?*

I am not a fan of this area.

*Body language expert Janine Driver
is going to act as a guinea pig*

*and answer a series
of personnal questions from Robbins.*

I have two sisters, they have kids.

*I lived with Kayleen for a year.*

*It's all truthfull responses.*

*Until they get on to the subject
of Janine's choice of college.*

They tell me the further state college
away from Massachussetts

it was North Adams.
I didn't care where it was.

It could have been in Virginia.
-You cared where it was!

-Did I care?
-Yes, you did care.

*LVA identifies
a false statement from Janine.*

*Just as with Lee Harvey Oswald.*

*A revealing change in the voice
has been identified.*

I'd rather be in the mountains
rather than the ocean.

Why is that so stressful?

It comes as stressful

because I'm terrified of sharks,
I don't go swimming in the ocean.

screwed me up forever and ever

because I won't go
past my ankles in the ocean.

I even see my body language,
I'm rubbing my hands.

*Now, we're getting a stress reading.*

*And Janine's gesture,
rubbing her hands,*

*is confirming that stress in her voice.*

*This technology does seem to detect
what we're genuinely feeling.*

*We pay so much attention
to the words people speak*

*but 93% of human communication
is delivered through body language.*

When there's a conflict between
the words and the body language,

always believe the body language.

*Read body language accurately*

*and you'll look at the world
through new eyes.*

*A celebrity secret exposed
by an unguarded gesture.*

*A lier unmasked by her own face.*

*A power stuggle played out
beneath a false geniality.*

*And when a politican
tries to convince an audience*

*with winning words,
press that record button.*

Rewind,

*and take another look.*