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If you told me five years ago
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that today I'd be delivering a talk
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about our individual power
to make a difference,
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I would have cringed.
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It was my job to study
huge global systems.
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I was a researcher at NASA using
satellite data to study the big picture.
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You can see a lot of things from space,
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like every ecosystem on Earth
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being threatened
from pretty much every angle,
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and global inequality
in air and water safety.
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And these kinds of things
would keep me up at night.
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And then outside of work,
I'd use this bird's-eye view
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while thinking about
our huge social structures
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like education and media and health care,
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and it looked to me like
they were all really struggling, too.
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So I felt like the world was just trapped
in this huge self-amplifying system
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that was just spiraling
towards destruction.
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And of course I wanted
to do something about this,
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and I felt so small and utterly powerless.
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But I started to feel a little differently
as my perspective shifted
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from the macro towards the micro.
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It began with bumblebees.
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I was using satellite imagery
and field research
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to study these amazing, cute pollinators
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to see how they were doing in the midst
of their own environmental crisis
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in Southern California.
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And from the macro view,
I saw 22-lane freeways,
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endless suburban sprawl
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and water being diverted
from parched rivers
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to grow lawns in the desert.
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It was pretty grim.
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But on the ground,
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there were actually some small
opportunities for optimism,
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these tiny patches of resources
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known as "habitat fragments."
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If the right kinds of plants were growing
along the edges of a Costco parking lot,
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and if in the neighborhoods nearby
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there were native plants
in people's gardens,
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and in the canyons that were too steep
for people to put their suburbs in,
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there were native plants
instead of grasses,
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then all of these in-between spaces
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would actually add up to create
a network of habitat fragments.
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And this network meant that the bees
could traverse through the concrete desert
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feeding from and pollinating
the native plants.
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And these plants that the bees depend on
and that the bees sustain are essential.
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They stabilize our steep hillsides.
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They provide food and homes to thousands
of amazing species of animals,
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and, critically, they are helping
to curb our devastating cycle of wildfires
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by preventing the growth
of those invasive grasses
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that fuel the vicious flames
that we're all too familiar with.
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It's a really vital
and interconnected system,
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and some people could see
how they were a part of it,
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and so they acted
as habitat fragment gardeners.
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They planted native plants in their yards,
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and they even were tending
to the land in corporate parks
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and in public canyons.
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In my research, I could
actually see the impact
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that even one passionate
gardener could make.
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And then, repeated across the region,
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their habitat fragments were adding up
to make a more resilient ecosystem --
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not a perfect system, not by a long shot,
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but at least a system that was
less likely to totally collapse
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under impending pressures
like further development and drought.
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So I was looking at the world
through this lens
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when I found myself in the waiting room
of a public hospital in Brooklyn
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with my partner, Charles.
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And we were sitting across
from a group of teenagers
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who were slumped in their chairs
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and bored out of their minds
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and just refreshing their phones
over and over again.
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And in a neighborhood
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with some of the lowest high school
graduation rates in the city,
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this waiting room felt like
a social habitat fragment
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just waiting to happen.
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So, we did some research to see
what kinds of resources could we add
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to spaces like this one
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that would make an impact.
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And we settled on museums.
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Museums are the most trusted source
of public information,
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more than the media
and more than the government.
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But they also cluster
in wealthier neighborhoods.
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New York has 85 museums in Manhattan,
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and the Bronx has eight,
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even though these two boroughs
have almost the same size population.
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And then expensive tickets mean
that a lot of people can't go to museums
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even if they live nearby.
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And these little injustices,
they just go on and on
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and they add up to create
sweeping inequalities
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in knowledge and empowerment.
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Across the US,
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almost 90 percent of visitors
to art museums are white,
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and even at the Smithsonian's
network of free museums,
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almost half of their adult visitors
have graduate degrees,
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which like 10 percent
of the broader population has.
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So it became clear to us
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that even though museums are these amazing
educational and social resources,
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they're not reaching everyone,
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and a lot of museums are aware of this,
and they're trying to change it,
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but there's all these structural hurdles
that are slowing them down.
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So we set out to create
a distributed network
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of museum habitat fragments.
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Working from a donated shipping container
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with the volunteer help of our friends
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and dozens of very generous scientists
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from all across the globe,
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we built our first prototype:
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the Smallest Mollusk Museum.
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(Laughter)
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Mollusks are these tentacled,
slimy shape-shifters
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like oysters and octopuses
and the giant squid,
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and if you've ever seen
an alien in a movie,
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then I'll bet you
it was inspired by a mollusk.
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Their slimy sci-fi vibes
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make them really fun tour guides
for a biology museum,
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and they can teach us
about the systems that we all share,
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with a wake-up call.
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Of all the animal extinctions
documented since the 1500s,
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more than 40 percent have been
our friends, the mollusks.
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So we tested this museum across the city
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to see if it resonated
with all kinds of visitors,
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and it did.
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People really liked learning from it.
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So we built a fleet
of tiny science museums,
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each one small enough to fit
into preexisting locations
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with information dense enough
that they could still pack a punch.
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And they're modular,
so they can be distributed
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at a scale that can reach everyone.
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And then we partnered with libraries
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and community centers and transit hubs
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and the public hospitals
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so that we could transform
their in-between spaces
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into habitat fragments
for social learning.
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And, fittingly, we named
our fleet of museums "MICRO."
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Even though each
habitat fragment is small,
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it provides the essentials.
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It draws people in
so that they can explore
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and learn together in a social way.
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And then, distributed
across the landscape,
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we're able to invite people everywhere
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into conversations around science.
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When we partnered with
a public hospital in the South Bronx,
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we became the Bronx's first
and only science museum.
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Yeah, that's really weird. (Laughs)
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(Laughter)
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And really quickly,
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families started coming by with their kids
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and schools started arranging field trips,
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all to this tiny museum in the front lobby
of the public hospital.
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(Laughter)
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And the museum became so popular
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that we started hiring local students
to be museum docents
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so they could lead tours and activities
for all the talented kids.
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And every spark of curiosity
that we're able to fuel
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and each new fact learned
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and every new friend made at the museum
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and every kid who can have a meaningful
and important after-school job,
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it all contributes to a stronger system.
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So today, I try to keep
the MICRO view in mind.
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I'm always examining
how small actions can add up
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to create shifts
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at the macro scale of systems.
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And honestly, I'm seeing
a lot of really good things.
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There are habitat fragments everywhere,
nurtured by talented, passionate,
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strategic individuals
in groups of all sizes,
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who are building towards systems
with more equal access to food
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and employment, health care, housing,
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political empowerment, education
and healthy environments.
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One by one, together,
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we're filling gaps,
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strengthening the systems
that we're all a part of.
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We have to work on
the big institutions too, of course.
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It's just that they're so slow,
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and we're living in the midst
of rapid change.
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It's a defining feature of our time.
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So maybe in some cases our small actions
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can be Band-Aids
until the big guys catch up.
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But without us, what are they going
to be catching up to?
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Am I still scared about the world?
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Yes. (Laughs)
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That's why I'm talking to you.
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The world needs so many
more habitat fragments.
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So, if you've been feeling overwhelmed
or powerless lately,
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then I'm asking you to please try
this very small strategy on for size,
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and let's see how it goes.
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Step one: zoom in.
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It's not one huge system
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that's just barreling unstoppably
towards destruction.
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What we have are many overlapping systems,
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and the ways that they interact
determine everything.
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Step two: look for the resource gaps,
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because that's where you
can make the biggest difference.
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And do some research to understand
how your ideas are going to interact
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with the systems that are
already on the ground.
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Step three: find the other
habitat fragments.
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Find out how they can support you
and how you can support them,
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because we're building a network together.
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And step four: transform your fragment.
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You might not have the leverage
to change multiple systems at once,
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but there are so many small,
meaningful and strategic things
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that each of us can do.
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And there are a lot of us,
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so it will add up.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)