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- [Voiceover] You've already learnt
a bunch of HTML tags.
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But do you know what HTML actually means?
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HTML stands for
HyperText Markup Language.
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It's a way of using tags
to markup content.
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But what does hypertext mean?
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It's actually a phrase that was invented
before the Internet even existed,
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in the 1960s, to mean
text that is connected to other text
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that the reader can immediately jump to.
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Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML,
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and other ingredients
of the Internet, like HTTP,
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to be a way to connect
text to other text
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located anywhere in the world.
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How do we connect
webpages to other webpages
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in HyperText Markup Language?
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With a hyperlink, of course!
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Which we usually just call a link, now.
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How do we make a link in HTML?
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This is where it gets weird.
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You might think that we'd use
a `link` tag...
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But actually, that's used for
a different sort of link in HTML.
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Instead, we use the `a` tag,
where the "a" stands for "anchor".
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It's anchoring the link in the page
at a certain location
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and connecting that anchor
to a different webpage.
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To make a link, you know
we have to write the tag,
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but we also have to decide
on the text of the link,
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and then the address
that the link goes to.
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Let's make this link to a page with more
information about the birth of the web.
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The text of the link will go inside
the start and end tags.
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So I'll stick my cursor
in here and write,
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"Read more about the history of HTML".
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So now we can see that text
looks like a link.
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But it's not going anywhere yet.
We need to add an address.
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We don't actually want the address
to show up on the page,
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but we still need the browser
to know what it is.
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So we put it inside an attribute
on the a tag.
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That's the href attribute.
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What does "href" stand for?
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I will give you a hint:
You have seen that "h" a lot.
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It stands for "hyper"!
Hyper-reference.
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Now, I'll paste in the address,
which we also call a URL.
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Do you notice how this URL
starts with "http:" ?
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Guess what that "h"stands for?
Hyper!
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HTML is all about the hyper.
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This URL specifies everything the browser
needs to know to find the webpage:
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The protocol used for finding it,
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the domain it is on,
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and the path that it's located in
on the server.
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Since it specifies everything,
we call this an "absolute URL".
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On some webpages, you might see URLs
that start with just slash and a path.
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That tells the browser to stay
on the current domain,
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and just look for a different path
on that domain.
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That's called a "relative URL".
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We use them all over Khan Academy
when we link between our content.
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You should stick to absolute URLs
in the webpages that you make here,
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to stay on the safe side.
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We can also tell the browser
where to open the page:
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the current window,
or a new window.
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To tell the browser to open
a link in a new window,
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we'll add another attribute, target.
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`target="_blank"`
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Now, I want you to pause this
talk-through and try clicking the link.
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Go ahead, I'll wait.
Clicky-clicky!
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What happened?
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You probably saw a warning
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about the link being
from a user-generated webpage.
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And then if you clicked "OK",
the link opened up.
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That's because
we treat links a little special
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on the webpages made here.
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Because we don't want users thinking
that links are specially endorsed
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by Khan Academy and then landing
on a scary, unexpected website.
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So, every link that you make here
will have that warning,
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and every link will pop up
in a new window.
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That means that I can actually
delete this target attribute,
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since it's getting set
behind the scenes, too.
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Or, I could leave it,
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in case I want to move this HTML
off of Khan Academy one day
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and make sure that link still opens
in a new window.
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When should you use target?
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Generally, if a link is going
to another page on the same domain,
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it should open in the same window.
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And if it's going to a page on another
domain, it should open in a new window.
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Enough of that blabbing,
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let me show you
something else neat about links.
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We can link more than just text.
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We can also link images,
or text and images!
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Here, we have this image, which is
which is this picture of Tim Berners-Lee.
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I'm going to actually cut it...
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and paste it so that it's inside
this link here.
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Oh! Sweet.
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Now, if I mouse-over this image,
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I'll see my cursor change to a pointer,
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and clicking it will go
to the CERN webpage.
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In fact, you could link
your entire webpage --
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and make it
a big, blue, underlined blob.
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But please don't do that!
Link with love, my friends.