Documentaire - Il, elle, hen (théorie du genre)

Documentaire "Il, elle, hen - La pédagogie neutre selon la Suède" (2013; Arte F).

"Une immersion auprès des enfants et des éducateurs d'une école maternelle de Stockholm qui applique une pédagogie singulière destinée à neutraliser les stéréotypes de genre.

Justus a 5 ans, il aime se déguiser en robe pour jouer avec sa sœur. Lou a 2 ans, et il a deux mamans. Ils sont élèves dans les les écoles maternelles Nicolaigården et Egalia, à Stockholm, dirigées par Lotta Rajalin. Des écoles pionnières de la pédagogie neutre, depuis que le gouvernement suédois a demandé en 1998 de promouvoir l'égalité des sexes dès la petite enfance. Pour la première fois, Lotta Rajalin a accepté de nous ouvrir les portes de ces écoles qui suscitent tant de polémiques et de fantasmes.

Pendant une année scolaire, les réalisateurs ont pu filmer des éducateurs, des enfants, des parents, tels qu'ils vivent au quotidien cette expérience pédagogique et humaine unique. De la première réunion où Lotta accueille les nouveaux parents aux scènes de la vie scolaire, les réalisateurs montrent le travail des pédagogues, qui s'attachent à combattre les stéréotypes de genre. Ils évitent de prononcer les mots " garçon " et " fille " et utilisent, en plus de " il " et " elle ", un troisième pronom personnel neutre : " Hen ". Ils mettent à disposition de tous les enfants des jupes de danse, leur proposent toutes les couleurs, tous les jouets, tous les vêtements, sans distinction de sexe.

Ce documentaire montre comment parents et éducateurs doivent faire avec les préjugés et les traditions. Il souligne aussi les charges parfois virulentes, comme cette émission de télévision australienne qui ironise sur ces écoles suédoises ou, pire, ces multiples lettres de menaces qui traitent les éducateurs de "féministes talibans". Il donne enfin la parole aux principaux concernés, les enfants : Justus a 5 ans et quand il sera grand, il veut être pompier."

Source :
http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/048395-000/il-elle-hen

We could draw three characters.

Draw a "she", draw a "he",

and draw ... "ess *"!

How would?

I wonder what it looks like "ess *"!

How do we know when '' ess * "?

Or when a "he" or "she"?

'Cause your hair to "ess *" are so.

But the hair of a "him" are made so.

Here and 'a "she", right?

And 'you have done ... a "he"!

If you were to draw a "ess *", how would you do?

It would be like a boy

or as a girl, and you do not know what it is.

HE, SHE, ESS * The pedagogy according to neutral Sweden

Justus, here is your school.

Go, run!

Kindergarten NICOLAIGÅRDEN

Hello Justus.

I'm glad to see you again.

How were your holidays?

You will be both in the Green Group.

You 'Justus, you're in the Green group.

And Alexander 'in the yellow group.

Alexander, you're in the yellow group,

but we play together the same.

How are you doing here?

All right.

You're old.

I know I know.

But that's okay.

If you are old 'cause do not you go get some rest?

I do not need, I want to play.

Welcome.

Good morning, Wrestling.

You go from here.

Here Simon, and 'still small school.

We will be happy to welcome him.

You are all welcome.

It 's always interesting to welcome new children

and new families.

We work on gender and equality since 1998,

since the government has asked the pre-schools

combating gender stereotypes

and that boys and girls vigliare

have the same chance ', rights and obligations.

We do not want to intervene on the biology,

we do not want to change the girls into boys

in girls or boys.

We do not want everyone to become homosexual.

It does not matter.

We do not work for nothing on biological sex.

Children are children, are male and female.

We work on social sex.

It 'important that you understand this difference.

Our society 'tends to divide everything into two parts.

A meta 'for kids, a meta' for girls.

Technique, skateboard, mechanical, climb, jump, build,

It is said to be for the kids.

Girls jump rope,

sing, they love to dance, sew, play with the doll.

I am cliche ', but I think you recognize

What we want to do and 'to eliminate the dividing line

'cause both, boys and girls,

they can take up all the space.

It 'a long process, but it' s the right direction.

We are here 'cause your kids can dream

and feel good as they are.

Justus, do you remember the card you sent to school?

No, I have not sent anything.

Yes, we received a note, on which you were there with a dress.

Do you remember?

Yes!

Yes, I can find him.

It 'a beautiful card.

Arrival on the planet Justus!

Come and sit.

This is the first book with "ess *".

He speaks of a child named Kivi.

It is not known if and 'a boy or a girl,

and '' ess * ".

Come on.

Dog, says Kivi!

I want a dog!

One day, almost certainly, "ess *" will have a dog.

and 'almost a promise,

provided that Kivi promise to sleep.

Although not 'safe,

in a minute Kivi is calm and "ess *" falls asleep

and dreams of dogs with hairy legs of the round,

that wag their tails, that cuddle and caress,

moving and dancing.

"Ess * 'will have' a dog?

No!

Kivi rises, approaching her ear to the door,

all quiet, and listen.

"Ess *" thinks he hears a breath, a bark.

What do you think? Kivi and 'a girl or a boy?

A boy!

When I read, I did not say it 'her, it' him, but the word "ess *".

"Ess * 'and' very practical when you do not know what kind it is.

What do you think of "ess *", Justus?

It 'a "she"!

It 'a "she"? No!

Stella, you think it's a "he"?

I think it is...

- I know it's a "she."

So you know it 'a "she" even if there is' written' ess * "?

Yes.

"Ess *" can 'be both a "she" that a "he."

- What do you think Sigrid? - A boy.

And you Junes?

A girl.

And you Georgina?

- A girl. - So we all think differently.

When there is 'written' ess * ", it can be of any kind.

It's not true?

I read the story of the princess?

Yes!

Come see Justus.

Do you remember this?

I remember it.

And you remember? That dress was?

To Tinkerbell!

It was a beautiful dress, right?

I enter again.

He gets even?

And 'it placed in the closet, right?

Nora, I want the dress of Sleeping Beauty.

And 'what dress Sleeping Beauty.

My ass does not enter!

Wait, do not put it that way.

Justus, come! Show yourself!

Justus, are the most 'beautiful in the world!

Come my little princess!

To me, in principle,

Justus would not mind if women wore a dress to school.

But I know the consequences,

I make fun of at school

and I would say "I'll put you for real?"

Probably it should be so.

How about you?

There 'an age' limit, eight years, 10 years, 15 years?

What do you think?

What do you think, Eliott?

I could never bring a female dress to school.

Let me tell you.

They probably make fun of,

others would find strange.

But you, you find it strange?

You would find fun to wear a dress?

I do not have never set, I would not know what to say.

It was just a curiosity'.

It seems, he spoke yesterday, that "ess *" is very practical

from a grammatical point of view

if you talk to a person that you do not know.

Yes, it 's good that there is this word.

To avoid writing "he" and "she" hundreds of times,

He simply writes "ess *".

I find it very useful.

It 'a term very cumbersome, very negative.

No, I do not think. It is not only a stage,

in a few years, everyone will say "ess *".

No, disappear 'on his own!

Would you like!

But it 's good for personal development

not to categories.

For what?

- Yes, for development. - No.

There is no sensible person would consider that good "ess *".

What happens to work for you, Helene?

You who are a jurist,

You have the same salary as your male colleagues?

I do not know if I'm at the same level of men,

I just know that they are at a very low level.

On the other hand, when I worked at the court

at the time, the judges were all men,

It was a prestigious job with a good salary.

After, many women have come,

the prestige and 'dropped a bit' at a time,

and wages have not changed.

So it is!

I think that serves to teach already 'small

that what 'matters and' what 'you do, who you are,

and not if you are man or woman, baker or baker.

This penalizes much when you are 'adults.

Children do not think about, but one day will be great

and will follow the models we have created ourselves.

The purple and 'your favorite color?

The purple and 'my favorite color.

Do you like other colors?

The pink!

There 'sa bit of pink in this shirt.

Here cuffs.

Here's sock drawer.

Try to get him out.

You can choose your socks.

Choose socks Lou.

These not.

These not.

These not.

These!

Those them? One of each? Very good.

A pink and turquoise.

I have to go, Lou. Give me a kiss?

But my mouth and 'closed.

We eat an apple?

I can pick her up?

Hello darling, see you soon.

Have a good day.

Here we are in Egalia.

<< I> Kindergarten Egalia >

I am no longer 'a child.

You were a baby before?

Yup.

When I was little,

I was in the belly of the mother.

And I pushed on the belly of mother

with his hands and feet.

Oh yeah, when you were in your belly?

Yes.

All right, and then you get out?

Yes, the butterfly.

So it is.

The butterfly mom.

This is mine.

Do you want me to help you?

Want a skirt to dance too?

You can go dancing.

And 'pink.

This and 'black and blue.

You think you can eliminate stereotypes

proposing to children all the colors?

Yes, everyone can 'choose, and' this is important.

Traditionally, and still today,

just look at the clothes and games,

pink and 'a very color associated with girls

and the blue children.

Mixing them from the beginning,

proposing the pink at all,

We show that we can enjoy all the colors

that all the colors are for everyone,

that there are colors associated with one sex.

It 'the same when we propose skirts to dance at all

and not only to the children, as they do in other schools

Yes, it 's true, the colors, the clothes,

anything can 'serve to divide,

this and 'for children, and this' for girls.

We speak now of the doll happy.

And how 'this doll?

Happy!

And to you, what makes you happy?

I like cars.

You are happy when you see the machines?

Also I like the machines.

You're happy when you see the machines?

Sonia And you're happy when you see the machines?

What else do you like?

Like her skirt to dance?

Like Ballard? Li 'and' purple.

And you like the skirts?

You can 'turn very fast?

Can 'make you happy also dance and shoot fast.

I like a skirt so.

Like this skirt?

Yes.

Are you happy when you bring?

You are so happy when you dance with these skirts?

We salute the happy doll?

See you soon.

I am going to try to drink.

Calling your children?

It 'better to say "fellow" or "children", or their name

to avoid to catalog

as a baby or toddler.

You do it, right?

Here, no one ever says "child" or "baby", never.

We say now to the new teachers.

It 'hard to learn immediately all names

so we call all "comrades".

And as you do with the pronoun "ess *"?

You use the "ess *"?

I do not very often.

I try to think about it,

but for me, "he" and "she" are well established.

So I avoid saying "he" and "she."

Lotten And you, what do you think?

I never used "ess *" before working here.

And 'new to me, two and a half months.

But what it is' the real end?

We want to convey to children

another way of speaking, even outside the school?

How will you teach? I ask myself.

There are laws that mandate to say.

it 'laws that forbid it.

And 'well that each decides how he wants to be called.

You can call me "she", "him", "this", "what '' ...

I do not care.

A child called me "she" just now.

But you do not know what sex is.

No, we do not know. We have not seen him naked.

Even if you were to see the naked, we would not know

because your sex outside is not necessarily

your inner sex.

You can not 'never know, even after seeing the naked people.

It is true.

- Did you find some clothes? - Look!

Did you find other fun things?

Yes.

You also found Spider-Man?

And swords?

- Judith has the same. - It is true.

A king's crown!

I want a dress like that.

I know, but are very expensive.

A doll, hard or soft?

I like the one with the soft body.

What do you say Otto?

You like?

And as' cute!

If we take the doll without clothes, how much?

The clothes are made to knit, they are more 'beloved doll.

I see it.

Tell me often that the boys have dolls?

Absolutely.

Just as I thought.

At least something 'changed in 70 years!

What do you call "ess *"?

"Ess *"? Who?

It does not call.

Oh, Otto has found something!

Ess * and what's his name?

Kattis.

Kattis. Ess * and what's his name?

My bothers me when back from school

and says that the ugly clothes.

A child of four years

You should not find her ugly clothes.

"A son" of four years, rather.

Yes, a four year old son did not have to think about this,

but I know that among girls the appearance of concern

It accompanies them throughout their lives.

So 'more' serious if a child says and 'bad

if he says that not a child.

In my opinion.

I do not understand why 'the pink bother you.

We too have our favorite colors.

Sure, but 'cause girls always want the pink?

You do not you dress in pink.

Yes, I got dressed.

No, not really. Perhaps the sneakers?

I have so much pink!

Yes, you are very pink, and 'a beautiful color

but sometimes and 'excessive.

Not the prohibition to put the pink,

but I do not want to take him forever.

And 'because of the looks of others.

If you put the rose,

the only they look like a cute little girl.

And this, I do not accept.

I have no solutions.

Although the intention and 'good,

it can cause the opposite effect.

That 's what worries me.

Pope ', I do not want these pants.

You do not want these pants, do you put it?

- A pink pants. - I knew!

I want the pink!

Rose, the pink jersey?

Yes'.

You can put the pink jersey, but you get over this.

No!

I want this!

I do not want this, and 'bad!

I do not want it.

I understand, you do not.

'Cause you want to get that?

'Cause you do not want My?

There 's also a bit' of green, orange, red and blue.

I do not want those colors, I want that the '!

No, now get this!

I do not like!

Lately My often he said:

"And this 'just for girls'

or 'this and' just for kids "

and "may be only girls."

Separate into two categories: this and 'for children, and this' for girls.

And then he wears only pink of course.

This classification and 'a problem ...

We have reflected on this, and 'a question of identity'.

Towards the four years, the boys and girls

They are beginning to discover that they are different.

They have to build their own identity '.

They must define "who am I?"

"who are you?",

"I am a girl" and "You are a child" to find their own identity '.

You have to go so.

I think it's just a period.

At first they have to test everything.

It 'still a blank sheet, do not forget it.

In the eyes of the things we adults have connoted

and pass it on to someone who 'yet again ...

No further bananas.

You have already 'eaten to Otto.

Here's a little 'hot glögg.

Fight, you have a mold with the symbol of women?

No, you can do it with a knife.

It's a good idea.

Gabriella, you saw the Australian program

laughing at Egalia?

No, I have not seen.

Sweden is even more 'distant encouraging sexual equality

the more 'young age'.

The school's gender neutral Egalia in Stockholm

He has banned the words "he" and "she"

and does not entitle it 'play it' books that create gender stereotypes.

Do not use it '"he" it' "she", and that the 'idiot.

Children in Sweden

They will not know more 'use personal pronouns.

"Jorgen ran, what 'fell, and this' and' hurt his knee."

Sorry Charlie, you can ask Dave

ess * if you have a question for me?

- Ess * not? - Yes, it has * ess.

Their children's books,

They are full of gay, lesbian, bisexual and trans.

The history of the most 'popular' one of two giraffes

sad not to be able to have children

finding a crocodile egg abandoned.

I read this book, and 'a beautiful story.

The crocodile grows and understands

that can not 'have two parents so delicious.

I have to laugh, they have not understood anything.

They understand everything in reverse.

They joke about this, but they did not understand anything

This shows that there is a great fear.

Coming from a place far away as Australia

visit this small school and small tease,

shows that causes something strong.

Steps that make fun of "ess *" and feminism

but exaggerate with gay, trans,

and make fun of them too.

Maybe in Sweden we are the only ones to use "ess *"

but I thought that the heterosexual norm

He was called into question in the world.

Is closed.

Hello! Thanks for coming.

I would like us to see our plans of action

compared to the threats we have received.

I do not think you've 'seen this.

We have a classifier we call X

and here we keep all that we have received.

For example this letter:

"Close this school, feminist Taliban cock!

I know who you are and where you live. "

It 'very childish.

"Feminists Taliban cock!"

We also found posted posters on Egalia.

We experienced bad then.

Get to work in the morning

with these posters,

and 'it was horrible.

And some e-mail: "the government waives ess *."

Not really threatening.

"Boys will be boys, girls are girls,

we hope that in the future there is more 'people like you. "

Are all the emails you have received?

We made a police report for each email.

We do that every time there 'e-mail, a phone call,

something menacing.

"We know who you are and where you live.

Close this school, feminist sluts! "

Is cute?

You like?

Which do you prefer?

This or this?

This one.

Can I have it?

Let me see if 'for girls.

Want to know if and 'for girls?

But you know, you can bring all the clothes.

For male and female?

Have you heard?

He checked on the label if it was for girls.

Is absurd.

It's scary, already at this age ', they are very affected.

It has already 'a bathing suit so as not to poop in the water.

Costumes so, I find it serious.

It 'strange to want to hide the breasts of the girl child.

She has nothing to hide, what 'makes a costume sexed.

I prefer a panty so.

It 'an idea as adults to hide her breasts,

and 'absurd, has only two years.

I would like to ask you something.

I like to do my shopping here

'cause there are many unisex clothes.

But a few years ago, it is increasingly divided.

It 'clear that there is a children's department and a department child.

Most customers want their clothes to be separated.

Customers want to separate the boys from the girls department?

They give directives to separate.

Do you have any guidelines? Is not you choose?

No, absolutely not.

I'll send 'an e-mail to complain.

I pray.

Listen. A question.

How can we sing the song bakers * * car?

I know that you can 'do with "ess *"!

You can sing "ess *"?

Him! Her! Ess *!

Him!

Her! Him!

Those who want to sing "her".

Those who want to sing "ess *".

Those who want to sing "him."

Otherwise we can sing the song bakers car * * so:

A person live in cities

that prepares sweets all day,

that makes large, that makes small,

that makes sugar.

Children have told me how to use "ess *".

He says.

With children,

We had to sing the song 'Dear baker'

and a child said:

we do not know if and 'a' he 'or' she ', and' a bakers *!

And another said: we could sing with "ess *"!

Then we sang with "ess *".

Since they had already 'made, for them it was not strange.

I think that we should not change the words.

It 'important to respect the traditions.

We must teach children how people lived before.

I'm from a different generation, we have to explain the traditions.

Change or not change,

we are in a gray area.

What you want to convey? What is' the most important thing?

Tradition or pedagogy neutral?

What and 'fundamental?

It would be distorted believe that we won

if all the girls play with machines

and all the children play with the doll!

It not 'is the objective.

We have to let everyone free to do what 'they want.

The objective and 'can do what' you want and what 'they like.

Change according to the people.

A baker lives in the city ',

prepares sweets all day,

it is large, it is small,

It makes sugar.

It is said that there are no differences between girls and boys.

I think the difference is there, really!

Although it should get to parity ',

there will 'always be a difference.

We must not exaggerate either.

Now in Sweden, we should say "ess *" instead of 'his and hers.

I do not think a good thing.

No, 'a horrible word.

It says "he" and "she", and 'rightly so.

Hello my dear!

How and 'it grew, and he too!

Excuse me, Cindy,

but now it says "ess *"

and not "he" or "she".

I can propose candy ess * * and ess?

Yes sure.

It wants to come with me to ride the elevator?

And Cindy can 'bring ess * into the kitchen for dessert.

What job do you do? Firefighter, jet pilot?

It 'a real pleasure to meet you.

Lotta Edholm, Deputy Mayor of Stockholm.

Renaud Helfer-Aubrac, adviser to the mayor of Paris

on many issues including the issues gender .

Now we enter, we can 'take off his coat, and take a ride.

There are many schools that are so advanced as this.

We have a doll for anger, here it is.

Ess * and 'very angry.

If you really can ...

It 'good to teach children

that instead of beating you can 'do more.

We begin very early, from the age 'of a year,

talking about emotions.

We can work on the rage for a month,

then the joy for a month, then the sadness.

Learn about their emotions, to manage them,

to put the words above, to know how to react,

to find different ways to handle life.

They do a little 'fear, right?

From what I've seen,

you work more 'respect, behavior,

that gender issues.

It is part of the same set of questions.

This is democracy.

Yes, work against all forms of discrimination.

It 's what we do.

What happens to the children after kindergarten?

Rincontrate them?

Last summer, a ten year old boy who was here

and 'he came to see us and told us:

"You know how much and 'stupid my teacher?"

No because'?

"I ran into the courtyard,

I am falling and I really hurt

and I started to cry.

And 'it approached and you know what he told me? "

No, what did he say?

"I said: you crying like a girl!"

Then we said, he understood.

He had the strength to understand that Professor

He was wrong.

It was not that he was wrong to cry.

It was the teacher that he was wrong.

They are small things, but very important,

we have to change.

'cause we're so conditioned by stereotypes,

from a traditional way of thinking,

we have to change what 'we have in mind.

Ess * disinfecting your finger.

then ess * puts ointment there and where 'red and swollen.

Lou Hello, it's me!

You no longer have your socks?

They disappeared during the siesta.

With Egalia, the only "drawback"

there 'with the passage of children in elementary school,

and change and 'larger than those coming from a school

which is not reflected equally on questions gender .

We would like you creassi an elementary school.

Me too!

I do not know if it's an inconvenience.

Sure there is' a shock bigger

but those children will 'be more ready

to withstand the pressure of the school more 'late.

The difficulty ', the elementary school, and' that Lou is not 'conscious

that his favorite colors are purple and pink,

They may be taken for a ride.

No one here makes you see,

but what will happen 'in school

when you see 'and not' accepted?

And 'This is the difficulty'.

Hopefully I've gained enough self-respect here

and to feel accepted as'.

How many mothers do you have?

Two?

Yes, you have two moms.

You can 'do so.

How many dogs do you have?

Two years.

So you have two dogs, two moms and two years.

Those two in your life!

But now it was a cloud and 'route.

I know what we can do, you help us Justus?

I dig up to them.

Justus go 'soon in elementary school?

Yes.

I have the impression that it is ready.

Ready for School? Absolutely.

When comes the end of the year,

I do not know 'what to offer.

They have to go to another stage.

Now they've got everything you can 'give.

Look, a little cloud.

not 'route perchée' Superman did ...

Good morning.

Where and 'Justus?

He is playing them '.

Hello Justus.

Justus has a very strong image of themselves' as a boy.

It 'a "he."

Not when he realized it was more 'small,

He did not speak at all of this.

Then he began to understand that we are females and males.

The next stop will be 'then figure

that is not 'the central element.

This could be ...

I'll tell you a story.

Agree.

You know who I'm in love?

[Myself]

What is "ess *"?

Can 'be a boy, a girl, when you do not know.

You use "ess *"?

I told Theo.

'Cause you told him?

Why 'has long hair.

Up to here.

What would you like to be a girl?

-No. -Why'?

Because I do not want.

What the girls play?

Girls play in Pope 'and Mom

or things so 'who invented them.

What do you want to be?

Firefighter.

Why'?

To put out the fires.