-
JESSIE LINK: So hello everyone.
-
I hope you're having a fantastic RailsConf.
-
Welcome to day four. My name's Jessie Link
-
and I'll be talking to you today
-
about how to be a boss without the B-S.
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When you take the B-S out of boss,
-
you're left with the OS, which I like to think
-
to think stands for outstanding sauce,
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which this dog is clearly fully of,
-
and hopefully you will be full of as well.
-
So let's get right into it. What are the
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things we're gonna cover today?
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We're basically gonna go
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over the five W's.
-
Why you should consider management,
-
moving into that track. Who makes a good boss.
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The skills you need to cultivate to be an
-
effective manager and boss and leader of men.
When
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and how to make that jump into the management
-
track. And then finally, where you can find
some
-
resources.
-
And when I do a talk like this I
-
also like to cover the things that this talk
-
is explicitly not about. The abstract only
gave us
-
a very short amount of characters, so I want
-
to make sure that this is the talk you
-
actually want to be in. This is explicitly
not
-
about how to found a startup or how to
-
get VC financing. There are other folks here
who
-
can help you with that. I'm sure they'll be
-
happy to talk with you. I won't really be
-
covering that topic.
-
This is also not how to make your employees
-
obey you. We will only be covering light-side
Jedi
-
mind tricks. There are no shortcuts or tricks
that
-
are gonna, I can tell you to make your
-
employees obey you. You can only work on the
-
skills that we talk about today and try to
-
cultivate your leadership skills that way.
-
So, first, a little bit about me. Why am
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I qualified to talk to you about being a
-
boss? My company made me get a head shot
-
for our corporate website. This is the head
shot
-
here. My mother loves this picture because
she thinks
-
I look like a fancy professional lady. I like
-
this head shot because she doesn't know I'm
wearing
-
shorts and flip-flops. So take that mom.
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So, all business up top. Party on the bottom.
-
Don't worry. So, I've actually served in a
variety
-
of leadership roles. I actually served in
the U.S.
-
Air force for six years. I was a captain,
-
which is an O-3 for those of you who
-
know that rank. When I came out, I transitioned
-
into civilian software development world and
have been doing
-
that since about the year 2000. I also have
-
a computer science background. And I've been
in civilian
-
leadership since about 2010.
-
Over the course of that time, I've studied
leadership
-
principles for over eighteen years now. The
military is
-
very big on training you on that sort of
-
stuff, so I've tried to keep up that practice.
-
I'm currently the director of engineering
at a company
-
called Looking Glass Ciber Solutions. We're
a ciber security
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company based out of Baltimore. Look us up.
We're
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pretty great.
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And I have some letters after my name there.
-
So I'm a certified SCRUM master and I also
-
have a project management professional certification.
Which sounds more
-
impressive than it really is.
-
So, why make the leap? Why be a boss?
-
Don't worry, it's not all TPS reports. I think
-
a lot of people have a misconception about
what
-
it means to move into a formal management
role.
-
They think it's all paperwork. It's all drudgery.
It's
-
about being the enemy. It's about, you know,
being,
-
can you come in on Saturday?
-
But management is about more than that. So
let's
-
talk about why you might want to make that
-
leap. Because, make no mistake, this is not
a
-
job change. This is a career change. So let's
-
say you're a founder. You started a business.
Fantastic.
-
So we know you can start a business. It's
-
in the title. But can you grow your business?
-
Can you finish? Can you exit startup mode.
-
To start, all you need is a great idea
-
and some coding ability. To sustain a business,
you
-
need to have management skills. You need to
know
-
how to sustain your business and lead your
people
-
and take your company to the next level of
-
great success. Even if you haven't started
a startup,
-
you may decide you've hit your ceiling in
the
-
technical track. You may not be interested
in moving
-
into a Chief Architect role. You may be bored,
-
frankly. Maybe the challenges you're taking
on aren't that
-
exciting anymore. That's OK, because moving
into the management
-
track means taking on new and exciting challenges.
-
Being a boss is very, very, very challenging.
Now,
-
I know what you might be thinking. How hard
-
can this possibly be? My boss is an idiot.
-
He doesn't know what he's talking about. I
don't
-
know what she does all day. So let me
-
amend my statement.
-
Being a bad boss is very, very easy. Being
-
a good boss is very hard. Most importantly,
when
-
you move into the management track, you get
to
-
be in the driver's seat. Now, again, if you're
-
that founder, that's your baby. You have a
vision
-
you want to drive towards with that company.
If
-
you don't want to take on management responsibility,
that's
-
OK. But what that means is you're seeding
control
-
to someone else who is gonna come in and
-
run your business for you. And you might not
-
like the direction they take you in.
-
So if you want to make and maintain control
-
over that thing that you started, take it
to
-
the finish line, you need to cultivate those
management
-
skills. Same thing if you're a senior developer.
You
-
may find yourself saying, you know, I don't
really
-
care for the decisions they're making. I think
I
-
can do better. Then go do better. Prove it.
-
To me, the fifth bullet is the most important
-
one. It's why I moved into the management
track
-
and it's why I stay in it and it's
-
why I feel fulfilled every day when I come
-
to work. When you move into a formal management
-
role, you get to have an impact on the
-
career of your employees. You really get to
help
-
mold and make them into the people they're
gonna
-
be tomorrow. And that is tremendously rewarding.
There is
-
nothing better than seeing a junior developer
blossom into
-
the big, beautiful senior engineer butterflies
they were always
-
meant to be. And you're a big part about
-
taking them on that journey.
-
Finally, you get to see the business from
a
-
new perspective. Again, part of your boredom
might be
-
only sort of staying in this very narrow engineering
-
track. As you move into a management role,
you
-
get a chance to touch other parts of the
-
business. You get to see how marketing works,
how
-
sales work, financing. How you deal with customers.
What
-
happens at the C-Suite level. So you get to
-
see how the sausage is made from a new
-
perspective. And that can be tremendously
rewarding as well.
-
So as a boss, you take on a bunch
-
of new responsibilities other than just writing
code and
-
developing systems. You're responsible for
people, schedule, budget, and
-
scope. So who makes a good boss? What are
-
the characteristics of a person who can move
into
-
this track and have success?
-
Number one, you should like people. You're
gonna have
-
to deal with people in your job. Now this
-
does not mean you need to be an extrovert.
-
You can be an introvert and succeed at being
-
a boss. It just means you can't be anti-social.
-
If you hate people, that's OK. Keep doing
your
-
thing. Maybe management isn't for you. You
should really
-
care about the people you're gonna lead. You
should
-
care about the people you're gonna interact
with. You
-
have to care about your customers. So that's
sort
-
of a key component.
-
You can't fear conflict. There are people
out there
-
who are conflict averse. That's OK. The management
track
-
probably isn't for you. If you are not willing
-
to confront conflict head on, it will overwhelm
you
-
and your team. So you have to be ready
-
to get a little spicy sometimes. Get a little
-
scrappy.
-
Adaptability is probably one of the most important
traits.
-
I don't think I've ever had a project go
-
smoothly an according to plan. I think many
of
-
you have probably never worked on a project
that's
-
gone a hundred percent perfect and according
to plan.
-
And if you can't be adaptable when the things
-
go wrong, you're really gonna struggle and
you're really
-
gonna drag your team down.
-
You have to be confident. Confidence is contagious.
So
-
is lack of confidence. If you don't believe
in
-
what you're doing, if you don't believe in
the
-
game plan you have, your people are gonna
sense
-
that and they're not gonna believe in what
they're
-
doing. You also have to have the confidence
to,
-
once you set that game plan, move forward
with
-
it.
-
Having said that, you have to be humble. There
-
is nothing worse than a boss who knows it
-
all. Maybe some of you have worked for that
-
kind of person. You can't tell them anything.
Their
-
opinion's always right. There's nothing you
can, there's nothing
-
you can teach them. They're the boss. They're,
they're
-
so much better than you. You have to have
-
a sense of humility. You have to understand
that
-
you're not a perfect person and that you may
-
make mistakes. And you have to have the humility
-
to listen to your team and let them tell
-
you when you're wrong.
-
You have to be empathetic. If you can't understand
-
people, you can't lead them. If you cannot
truly
-
get where people are coming from, there's
no way
-
you're going to be able to communicate effectively
or
-
lead them. Leadership is about understanding
peoples' motivations. Their
-
desires, their drives. And then letting them
move forward
-
and embrace those things in a productive way.
-
Lastly, you have to have integrity. As you
move
-
into the manager track, you're going to be
imbued
-
with certain powers. Certain responsibilities.
With great power comes
-
great responsibility. You have to be trustworthy
to do
-
that right thing. You're going to be trusted
with
-
budget. With firing decisions. Hiring decisions.
Promotion decisions. If
-
you are not an honest person, your team's
really
-
gonna suffer and your business may suffer.
-
So up til now, you've been cultivating your
technical
-
skills. You're at RailsConf, probably, to
continue to grow
-
those technical skills. And that's fantastic.
But, again, this
-
is a career change. A career change requires
a
-
whole new different set of skills that you
need
-
to start cultivating alongside those technical
skills.
-
First and foremost is the communication skill.
So communication
-
encompasses a lot of different things. It's
verbal. It's
-
being able to speak to people. It's also non-verbal.
-
Seventy percent of the communication we have
with each
-
other is actually non-verbal. So understanding
how non-verbal works,
-
and how you leverage that when you're dealing
with
-
someone who's remote, dealing with someone
on a web
-
cam, not in person. Understanding how that
works is
-
very important. Understanding how to write.
How to articulate
-
your thoughts on the written paper and in
email.
-
We're in the industry right now where a lot
-
of communication happens asynchronously. Pull
requests. Formal emails. Memos.
-
This is the most important ability you must
have.
-
You cannot execute the other skills if you
do
-
not have this one. You will see the theme
-
of communication echo throughout my following
slides. Communication knows,
-
it means, knowing how to tune your message
to
-
your audience. It's not just what you say,
it's
-
how you say it. Understand how to tune your
-
message when you're communicating downwards.
When you're talking to
-
your employees. How do you communicate laterally
when you're
-
dealing with peers of the company? Other managers?
How
-
do you communicate upward with the C-Suite
executives? Do
-
you know how to manage upwards? How do you
-
communicate with customers? How do you deal
with the
-
other business units? These are all things
you really
-
need to understand.
-
You I think as, as people who attend something
-
like RailsConf, we pride ourselves on being
polyglots. We
-
speak many languages. We're not just Ruby
developers. We
-
speak JavaScript. We do different frameworks
like Ember. We
-
do CSS, html, Java, the list goes on and
-
on and on. The same principle actually applies
when
-
you begin communicating at the management
level.
-
When we're talking about communication, as
you move into
-
the management track, I'm talking about domain
specific languages.
-
So, the terms that a salesman uses may be
-
very different than the term an engineer uses.
Same
-
thing with marketing. Same thing with your
customers. Understanding
-
how to communicate with those different domain
specific languages,
-
how to mold your message so that it speaks
-
to that person that you're talking to and
it
-
really resonates with them, is a really important
skill
-
to cultivate.
-
Now, communication is way too broad for me
to
-
cover in just one slide. I could probably
give
-
a talk just about this slide. So, I won't
-
be able to cover the whole, the whole span
-
of what it really means to communicate. I
will
-
start with a couple of key skills, though,
that
-
I think are the foundation to moving along
as
-
you improve your communication. And that's
the principle right
-
here, which is communication is a two-way
street.
-
So when you start learning how to communicate
and
-
you start analyzing your own communication
style, you should
-
really be thinking, am I an active listener?
Have
-
you ever had a conversation with someone,
and you
-
can tell they're not listening to what you're
saying?
-
They're listening because they're waiting
for the break in
-
the conversation when it's their turn to talk.
-
Don't be that person. That person is not an
-
active listener. They don't really care what
you're saying.
-
They just want their turn to put their opinion
-
out in the world. Part of being an active
-
listener and dealing with folks is really
being respectful
-
to their opinion. You don't have to agree
with
-
them. But, again, it goes back to that empathy
-
trait. Understand where they're coming from.
Hear what they're
-
saying. And only then do you respond. It's
the
-
difference between being a reactive listener
and an active
-
listener.
-
Delegation. As you start to grow your team,
as
-
you start to get more and more folks, this
-
is a critical, critical skill. And this is
a
-
skill that I think many young managers struggle
with.
-
Your job is to make sure the team gets
-
the work done. Your job is not to do
-
the work yourself anymore. You're just one
person. You
-
may have twelve people working for you. You
cannot
-
outpace the output of your team.
-
When you learn to delegate, you have to set
-
direction - and again, communication, coming
back already in
-
the next slide. You have to communicate what
needs
-
to be done in a clear fashion. Are your
-
objectives clear? Does the person understand
what they need
-
to get done? And this is really hard, because
-
this requires trust. I think another misconception
people have
-
is, you know what, I get the term manager
-
in front of my name, and I have unlimited
-
power. Just like the emperor. I control the
world.
-
I am the queen of everything.
-
The most important thing to understand, as
you learn
-
to delegate, as you learn to be a manager,
-
is that you do not have control. Control is
-
a lie. You are responsible for the ultimate
success
-
of the project, but you can't do the work
-
on your own anymore. You don't have that control.
-
You cannot make success. You can only put
in
-
place the conditions to allow it to happen.
And
-
that's what delegation is really about, is
learning to
-
become zen about letting go a little.
-
Managers who cannot do this are often referred
to
-
as micro managers. You have probably worked
for some
-
of them. Don't be a micro manager. It's very
-
disruptive to the team. You will not be very
-
productive.
-
This is a reason many micro managers fail
to
-
lead their team successfully. Again, part
of losing control
-
is accepting that sometimes they're not gonna
get it
-
right. And that last bullet, to me, is very
-
important. You cannot fear failure. You have
to let
-
your employees fail on their own. I have learned
-
more from the one time that I have misplaced
-
a semi colon somewhere in my code than all
-
the hundreds of times I have put the semi
-
colon in the right place. Failure can be tremendously
-
valuable as a learning experience for your
people, so
-
you cannot be afraid to let them fail a
-
little bit on your own.
-
Now, again, you're gonna have to balance that
out.
-
If you're crashing in a fiery mess, there's
going
-
to be a time to go in and rescue
-
them. But you have to let them kind of
-
work it out. Get through those difficult spots
on
-
their own. And again, that's something a lot
of
-
folks really struggle with.
-
Another skill, when you move into management,
is the
-
skill of coaching. So the man in this slide
-
here is Vince Lombardi. He's one of the greats,
-
great minds in the history of football. I
should
-
say American football. I know we have some
international
-
folks here who are probably thinking, that
doesn't look
-
like a soccer play.
-
So, Vince Lombardi is a legend in the American
-
football industry. He is enshrined in Canton.
And he
-
is famous not only for his acumen at football,
-
that strategy as you can see on the board
-
behind him, but also his ability to lead and
-
inspire forty grown men who don't have to
say,
-
who don't have to do what he says to
-
do. If you get a chance to Google Vince
-
Lombardi quotes, he is a treasure trove of
wisdom
-
and insight on how to lead teams effectively.
-
So what is coaching? Coaching is about making
sure
-
your people continue to grow. Going back to
that
-
previous slide, why do we delegate? We delegate
because
-
it's our responsibility to grow the leaders
of tomorrow
-
and to continue to grow the junior devs into
-
the senior devs of tomorrow. I once interviewed
a
-
technical team lead, and I was asking him,
well,
-
tell me about how you manage your folks. I
-
see you have some people working for you.
How
-
do you delegate work out?
-
He said, well, you know, I give them, I
-
give them sort of the grunt work and, and
-
they get to run the metrics, and they turn
-
the results over to me, and then I go
-
do the rest of it. He got to do
-
all the fun stuff. His guys got all the
-
grunt work. Do you think the people on his
-
team ever grew out of their junior dev roles,
-
when all that he gave them was grunt work?
-
So you have to be willing to let your
-
people grow, even though it means taking a
back
-
seat sometimes. Instead, what you should be
focusing on
-
is inspiring and motivating the people underneath
you to
-
be the best that they can be.
-
Vince Limbardi once said, practice doesn't
make perfect. Only
-
perfect practice makes perfect. So, at some
point, again,
-
your folks are going to fail. They're going
to
-
do the wrong thing. Your job as a coach
-
is to correct that bad behavior, right. To
correct
-
the things they're doing wrong, to teach them
how
-
to do things better. And there's a real skill
-
and a real art in terms of communicating and
-
coaching folks so that they can receive that
constructive
-
criticism in a way that builds them up that
-
doesn't tear them down.
-
There is nothing worse than seeing someone
wilt under
-
unrelenting criticism from a boss. That is
the best
-
way to make sure someone quits, to make sure
-
they, the impostor syndrome never lets go
of their
-
little hearts, you know. So it's very important
that
-
you build them up, not tear them down.
-
Coaching is about having the confidence to
set a
-
game plan and then empower the team to execute
-
on it. So, again, empowering is a really important
-
word in that statement, and it goes back to
-
that delegation idea. Vince Limbardi was a
brilliant football
-
mind, but regardless of how brilliant he was
at
-
football, he did not run onto the field and
-
throw the ball himself. He didn't run onto
the
-
field and tackle the other player. I'm sure
he
-
wanted to sometimes. But coaching is really
about having
-
confidence in your game plan and empowering
the team
-
to execute on it.
-
Like I said, learning to trust can be very
-
hard, but it's a lot easier to trust and
-
delegate if you have faith in the game plan
-
you've put together. If you have a good coaching
-
regimen that ensures that your people have
learned to
-
do it the right way, then it's a lot
-
easier to let go and let them go do,
-
let them go win that championship.
-
This is a quote I like. It's from General
-
Dwight Eisenhower. And he said, "Leadership
is the art
-
of getting someone else to do something you
want
-
done because he wants to do it."
-
When you communicate, as you move into the
management
-
ranks, you're gonna be imbued with a lot of
-
formal responsibility. I like to call that
hard power.
-
Hard power is, do it because I say so.
-
I can fire you if I want. I do
-
not recommend you use a lot of hard power.
-
No one had more hard power than General Dwight
-
Eisenhower. He was a five star general. There
was
-
literally not another person in the military
who could
-
tell him what to do.
-
So I think the fact that he made this
-
quote here is very, very provocative. Because
he's not
-
talking about hard power. It's not saying,
just get
-
enough stars on your chest and you can make
-
them do what you want to do. I mean,
-
he could literally put people in jail if they
-
didn't follow his commands. What he's talking
about here
-
is actually the art of applying soft power.
-
Soft power is being able to communicate and
convince
-
folks to really buy into what you want to
-
do as a team, what you want to do
-
as a company, without the threat of the hard
-
power. Even if you have it. Just because you
-
have a stick doesn't mean you need to wield
-
it.
-
Understanding how to wield soft power is very,
very,
-
very important. Lazy bosses, bad bosses go
back to
-
the hard power stick because they have no
other
-
tools in their regimen. If you're really understanding
the
-
concept of soft power and how to apply that
-
is important. And, again, there is no idea
more
-
powerful than an idea that someone feels is
their
-
own. So help them, help them understand the
idea.
-
Help them understand what you want done. And
then
-
help them understand why they want to do it.
-
Courage. Another important skill. Is it a
skill? I
-
would argue it is. Because it's really about
knowing
-
how to stick to your guns but still get
-
stuff done. Again, with great power comes
great responsibility.
-
As you delegate out the work, the work might
-
not get done. But the buck still stops with
-
you. It's still your ultimate responsibility
when things don't
-
go right. Having the courage to own that failure
-
is really, really difficult. It takes a lot
of
-
guts, believe it or not, to say, you know
-
what? That's my bad.
-
A bad boss who does not understand this concept
-
will throw people under the bus. We didn't
get
-
it done because this other team failed to
give
-
me something I needed. Oh, well, this employee
isn't
-
doing a good job. He failed on it. I'll
-
be disciplining him later. Potentially firing
him. But it's
-
not my fault.
-
So having the courage to understand where
your responsibility
-
lies and how to embrace that is really important.
-
Saying no can be very, very difficult. Just
because
-
you have a little bit of hard power as
-
you move up in the rank doesn't mean you're
-
the only one with power, unless maybe you're
Emperor
-
Palpatine. But.
-
There will be other managers that have power.
There's
-
going to be people above you have more power.
-
Your boss is gonna come down and ask you
-
to do things you may not be comfortable with.
-
And it's your job to understand how to say
-
no. And I, this is actually a skill that
-
a lot of folks struggle with. I've had developers
-
on my teams actually come to me and say,
-
I feel very uncomfortable with what's being
asked of
-
me by this other manager, but I don't know
-
what to do. And often I say, do you
-
want me to tell them no for you? And
-
they say, yes.
-
And that's hard. That's that conflict that
we talked
-
about. You can't fear it. There's gonna be
a
-
time when you have to have integrity and learn
-
how to say no. Now that does not mean
-
just being contrary. That does not mean saying
no
-
and then walking away and flouncing out away
from
-
the argument. Again, it really means leveraging
your communication
-
skills that you hone so that you can say
-
no in a productive way. That you can move
-
past those disagreements. That you're willing
to yield if
-
you're not actually right. So balancing out
how to
-
say no, the art of saying no is very,
-
very tricky. And it requires a lot of courage.
-
When you start to set direction, your employees
may
-
not always buy in right away. Some people
may
-
fear not being liked, right. Sometimes you're
gonna have
-
to do uncomfortable things as a team. You
have
-
to have a vision. You have to believe in
-
it. You have to believe you're going the right
-
way.
-
A boss who does not have courage, who does
-
not have vision and does not believe in where
-
they're going will change with the wind. They
will
-
change coarse at every, every minor difficulty
that comes
-
up. They'll be like, you know what, this isn't
-
working. We'll just change frameworks. We'll
just hire more
-
people. You've probably worked for folks like
that. That's
-
not a very productive way to go. People want
-
to believe their leads know what they're doing.
So
-
you have to have vision and you have to
-
believe in it.
-
And having said that, you have to know the
-
difference between a bump in the road and
a
-
chasm around the corner. If there's a chasm
around
-
the corner, do not fear change. A lot of
-
folks fear change. They don't want to change
their
-
game plan. They get nervous because, well,
we've always
-
done it this way. I don't know, you know.
-
When we do it this new way, I don't
-
know that it's gonna be successful. Change
is very
-
scary. Bringing in new ideas, new thoughts,
new processes,
-
can be very, very difficult. So you have to
-
embrace change. You have to be an agent of
-
change. You have to be adaptable.
-
This last one. Always embrace the truth, even
when
-
it's unpleasant. People will tell their bosses
what they
-
think their bosses want to hear. It's natural.
It's
-
very important that you cultivate a culture
where honesty
-
is rewarded and treasured. Even when it's
unpleasant. Even
-
when you're hearing things you don't want
to hear.
-
I have had devs come to me many times
-
and say, so. About that production server.
-
You have to have an environment where it's
a
-
safe space to talk about what's really going
on.
-
Similarly, don't be that person to your boss.
Your
-
job is to communicate up to your boss and
-
give them the facts at all times. That goes
-
back to integrity. Sometimes your boss isn't
gonna like
-
it. Sometimes you're gonna look bad, because
it's going
-
to be a sign of a failure. But you
-
have to embrace the truth at all times.
-
So we've been talking a lot about people skills.
-
The art of managing people. And, again, that
is
-
a discipline all in, all encompassing on itself.
But
-
what about the project management skills,
right? What about
-
managing the work itself.
-
So, when you move into project management,
what does
-
it really mean? It means tracking work, measuring
the
-
work, tracking it, managing risk, and knowing
how to
-
report status. That second bullet is really
important. Again,
-
along the lines of, of not fearing failure,
your
-
job is not to be perfect. There's going to
-
be times where you're gonna make decisions
and you
-
don't like the outcome. Your job is to understand
-
the art of risk management. There are whole
classes
-
just on how to do risk management.
-
What you're really trying to do is make the
-
best decision with the facts that you have
at
-
the time, and then continue to measure that
and
-
stay on top of it and say, all right.
-
How does our risk look today? How does our
-
risk look today? Your job is not to do
-
the perfect job for your boss. Your job is
-
to let him manage risk. To give him an
-
informed choice. And, again, people who are
afraid to
-
tell the truth, who are afraid to communicate
upwards
-
what's really going on, those are the projects
that
-
burst into flames. Everyone's surprised. So
risk management's very
-
important.
-
To do these things, there are many techniques
you'd
-
apply and many frameworks. So you have to
like
-
process. You have to be a student of process.
-
There are a lot of different project management
frameworks
-
you can use. You've probably heard of them
before.
-
Waterfall, Spiral, Conbom, XP. Agile's all
the hotness. You
-
can do SCRUM. It's important that you respect
and
-
study all of them. And that's that last bullet
-
there. You have to like it but you can't
-
love it.
-
You can't be so in love with one framework
-
that you try to apply it in all situations.
-
Don't be dogmatic about the frameworks you
put into
-
place. There is nothing worse than an agile
person,
-
sometimes, cause they've, it's agile at all
costs no
-
matter what, even when it makes no sense.
It's
-
also very fashionable to poo poo things like
waterfall.
-
Waterfall has a place. It's very important
that you
-
understand how to assess the project that's
been given
-
to you, the people that have been given to
-
you, and then pick the framework that actually
fits
-
that situation.
-
It's really about picking the right tool for
the
-
job. When you have a hammer, every problem
looks
-
like a nail.
-
So, again, even if you don't use a framework
-
- like, I don't use Waterfall a lot, but
-
I still study it. I still look up books
-
on an occasion. I still read articles. I educate
-
myself about the different techniques that
are out there.
-
I want to know what tools are available to
-
me, even if I don't use them. So when
-
I see a problem that actually looks like a
-
screw, not a nail, I say, you know what?
-
I'm gonna try that screw-driver.
-
There are some administrative and financial
things that are
-
gonna affect how you manage. And, again, it
depends
-
where you are in the management chain how
much
-
influence you're gonna have over this. If
you're doing
-
a startup in particular, budgeting is going
to be
-
very important. You understand the concept
of colors of
-
money. That is basically money that is earmarked
for
-
a specific purpose. It cannot be used for
other
-
purposes.
-
So, again, if you have green dollars that
are
-
allocated for infrastructure, you may not
actually legally be
-
able to ship that money over. I used to
-
work in government contracting, and that's
something very important
-
that comes up in that, which is if the
-
government gives you a hundred thousand dollars
to buy
-
servers, you can't say, well, you know what,
I'm
-
a little short and I want to pay some
-
bonuses to my folks, so I just won't buy
-
the servers.
-
So you have to understand how budgeting works.
How
-
do you project a budget? How do you do
-
quarterly reports? What is the impact of your
outcome,
-
your income? How does salary work? How do
you,
-
how does salary affect how you project?
-
So those are really important things. That's
a hard
-
skill. That's something I struggle with. That's
not something
-
you're gonna be exposed to in your day-to-day
life
-
as an engineer until you move over. So understanding
-
how budget works, how money flows at your
company
-
is critically important.
-
We talked about the hard power you're imbued
with.
-
Hiring folks, retention and firing. It is
incredibly expensive
-
to hire folks, which is why retention is so
-
important. There were actually some tremendous
talks on Wednesday.
-
I recommend you go watch the videos on how
-
to onboard folks, how to set up a training
-
plan. Retaining talent once you get in the
door
-
is really important because hiring is so expensive.
-
Having said that, there will be times when
the
-
person is not a fit, and if you have
-
to fire them, you have to understand the implications
-
of that decision. Each state has different
right-to-work laws.
-
So you need to understand the process for
both
-
hiring and firing folks. That's gonna be very
important.
-
So making sure you work with your HR folks
-
and get educated on the various laws is very
-
important.
-
I know I said that it wasn't all TPS
-
reports, but it is at times. I don't even
-
know what a TPS report is. I just use
-
that as shorthand for the mandatory documents
that seem
-
like no fun but you have to do them.
-
And that's a thing. You do have to do
-
them. It's your responsibility to understand
what regulations are
-
in place, what documents have to be done.
Now,
-
sometimes these are mandated from the, the
corporate overlords
-
and I've done that before.
-
But there are other legal documents that may
come
-
in depending on the industry you're in. I
am
-
in ciber security. Privacy laws are very important
to
-
us. Understanding privacy laws. You're taking
in peoples' data,
-
you better understand what you're supposed
to do with
-
it. If you work in healthcare, HIPPA's gonna
come
-
into play.
-
So really making sure that you're educating
yourself on
-
the legal and regulatory documents that you
need to
-
be aware of is very important as you move
-
into management. But it's kind of fun, because
this
-
is the part that you probably won't get exposed
-
to a lot, and I actually kind of enjoy
-
seeing these different things, these different
areas that I
-
didn't, that I didn't really get a sense of
-
when I was just an engineer. A lot of
-
this stuff is really the guts of what makes
-
a company go.
-
OK.
-
So, hopefully you're tempted now. You're like,
oh, you
-
know what, management doesn't sound so terrible.
Maybe it's
-
pretty good. Maybe I've got some of those
skills.
-
Maybe I'd like to work on them. I'm ready
-
to make the leap.
-
So let's talk about when and how to do
-
that.
-
Moving into management. Number one, find a
mentor. Find
-
a safe person to help teach you the ways,
-
a Jedi master that you can go to. I
-
have several mentors who are senior leaders
that I
-
like to talk to to kind of bounce ideas
-
off of. Again, you're not perfect. So find
someone
-
who can help you with that.
-
Try before you buy. Many of you are already
-
in leadership roles. You may not have formal
powers
-
of hiring and firing, but you're starting
to lead
-
people. So look for those opportunities. If
you're interested
-
in this, try it out. Say, you know what,
-
I see this project's coming up. I'd love to
-
lead it. Or hey, you know, these two guys,
-
I'd love to take them under my wing. Mentor
-
them. Maybe be part of the review process.
That's
-
a great way to sort of try it out,
-
see if it's a fit for you. It's not
-
for everyone. But you may be surprised how
much
-
you really find it rewarding. I love working
with
-
people. I was, that's how I ended up in
-
management. I was doing an informal leadership
role and
-
I really enjoyed it and I wanted to continue
-
down that track.
-
Learn to think company wide. Again, there
are other
-
areas of the business you need to be aware
-
of. So go on a sales call. Go to
-
a conference and help the marketing guys run
a,
-
be a booth babe. I've done that before. It's
-
actually a lot of fun. It's a different perspective.
-
Understand how to court your customers. Go
help the
-
ops guys. Go sit in the customer support center
-
for awhile and take calls for them and understand
-
what happens in the rest of the company.
-
And mostly, have an idea of what kind of
-
leadership style you have. There is no one
prescriptive
-
way to do it. There's no one way to
-
lead people. Everyone's different. We're all,
we're all different,
-
unique snowflakes. The people we manage are
different snowflakes.
-
They may require different types of leadership
style. So
-
think about what kind of leader you want to
-
be and then practice the skills to do that.
-
So some of the big questions that came up
-
as I was starting to prepare this talk and
-
talk to some of my peers. I think this
-
is one that's on a lot of folks' mind.
-
If it's a career change, I'm leaving the technical
-
track. Do I still get to write code? And
-
the answer is yes. Sort of.
-
I've actually talked to a lot of folks about
-
this in the last couple of weeks and I've
-
met some people who say, you know what, I
-
can code eighty-five percent of the time and
manage
-
fifteen percent of the time. And that's fantastic
if
-
you can do that. It's really gonna depend
on
-
the needs of your company and the size of
-
your company. It is absolutely your job to
stay
-
technical. You are supervising technical people.
You need to
-
know what they're talking about.
-
Having said that, your priority is no longer
writing
-
code. That's your team's job. You might be
the
-
only person on the team who can go brief
-
the executives. You're the only one, I've
had to
-
take an hour out of my day to look
-
at everyone's expense reports. That's not
exactly more fun
-
than writing code, but those expense reports
matter to
-
the people who are waiting on that money.
So
-
you're gonna have other priorities that are
gonna come
-
up on that code.
-
So usually I like to give a little bit
-
of advice. If you want to stay involved in
-
the code, a couple of things you can do:
-
So, number one, participate in code reviews.
I do
-
a lot of code reviews these days. I don't
-
write a lot of code from scratch, but I
-
do at least stay involved in the code by
-
being part of the review process, downloading
it, poking
-
it, running the tests and that kind of stuff,
-
and it's a great way to continue to learn
-
and stay involved.
-
It's very important that if you decide a part
-
of your day job should still involve working
on
-
code, I would recommend not working on critical
path
-
items. Because, again, there may be some management
crisis
-
that comes up that only you can work on.
-
And it would suck to hold the whole team
-
up just because you haven't finished your
chunk of
-
the code. So look for opportunities of maybe
some,
-
some low-hanging fruit, some quick wins. I
actually, just
-
the other day, picked up some code and successfully
-
merged to master because I was working some
defects
-
that weren't on the critical path. But they
got
-
in and it was nice and I still got
-
to, to exercise my code writing skills.
-
Also, maybe work on some side projects. That's
usually
-
how I try to stay in, involved with things
-
that are going on in technology. You just
might
-
not have a lot of time during your day
-
job to write code anymore. So your mileage
is
-
gonna vary. I left my last job because I
-
knew at that job, to continue up the management
-
chain meant I could no longer write code,
period.
-
And I didn't want that. So I went to
-
a smaller company, and I still have about
ten
-
percent of my day where I get to be
-
in the code in one way or the other.
-
So I feel pretty good about that.
-
Can I still be friends with my employees?
This
-
is a tricky one. The answer is yes, sort
-
of. Again, many of you may be promoted out
-
of the very ranks where your friends are.
Yet,
-
we're all fellow engineers. We're, we're,
we hang out,
-
we go to beers. Now I'm their boss. This
-
is a very sensitive topic. So, if you want
-
to be friends with your employees, that's,
that's completely
-
fine, but it is very important that you have
-
a system of firewalls in place so that you're
-
separating your personal relationship from
your professional relationship. And
-
you have to think very hard about the impact
-
of your friendship and how public you are
with
-
your friendship on the rest of the company.
-
If Jeff the engineer hangs out with Jane the
-
manager all the time and he's at her house
-
and their spouses are best friends and, you
know
-
they're doing things every weekend and, and
their kids
-
play together, and then Jeff wins engineer
of the
-
quarter. How does that come across to the
rest
-
of the team? He might actually be worthy of
-
engineer of the quarter, but perception is
reality. So
-
you have to be very, very sensitive to the
-
realities of that if you're going to maintain
those
-
friendships.
-
It can also go the other way. I actually
-
had a boss where I worked with, who was
-
a very good friend of mine. He brought me
-
onto his team. And we have a very saucy
-
relationship. He'll tell no, eff you, and
I'll say
-
eff you and then we hug and have a
-
beer and it's fine. And that's fine. But he
-
actually said that to me in the work place
-
once. And he said it in front of other
-
co-workers. And he was very incapable, ultimately,
of separating
-
how we spoke to each other as friends at
-
the bar, from how we spoke to each in
-
the work place, and it actually caused a lot
-
of problems on our team. And it actually upset
-
me a lot, because I would never allow a
-
boss to say that to me. And he couldn't
-
put his boss hat on and put his friend
-
hat aside, so I had, I ended up leaving
-
that team and he's still one of my best
-
friends and I will never work for him again.
-
He's actually a good guy. He's a good boss
-
if you're not his friend. So be very sensitive
-
to the, to the impact of this. This is
-
a, this is a, this is a tricky one.
-
You can be friendly, but, but be careful.
-
Lastly, do I need to have a PMP certification?
-
Project manager professional certification
or something like that. And
-
the answer is absolutely not. And, again,
it's gonna
-
depend on the kind of company you're at. If
-
you're a small company, you may never need
this.
-
Having said that, the PMP can be nice. It's
-
nice to have. It's a box checked on your
-
resume. I've actually had people pick my resume
and
-
say, oh good, you have a PMP. But I
-
don't think it's gonna exclude you from jobs.
The
-
only exception might be if you go into a
-
very, very large company.
-
The government act- the reason I have my PMP
-
is the government decided they wouldn't allow
program managers
-
that didn't have a PMP certification, so away
I
-
went to class. That's why I'm not in government
-
contracting anymore, for many reasons.
-
A few final thoughts. It's important that
you self-examine
-
all the time. Think about the type of leader
-
you want to be versus the kind of leader
-
you're actually being. So I kind of wanted
to
-
close out here by sharing a few key leadership
-
principles and thoughts that guide me personally,
just to
-
let you know what kind of leader I actually
-
am. I hope. On a good day.
-
That last bullet is very important to me.
Leaders
-
eat last. Goes back to that concept I told
-
you about with the, the team leader who took
-
all the best work for himself and left his
-
leavings for the minions. He was eating first.
-
I had a boss once who, we said, you
-
know what, we want to go to training. We
-
put together a training plan for him. We said,
-
this is the course. This is the location.
These
-
are the people we think should go. He looked
-
at it and he said, that looks pretty good.
-
And then he sent himself to training. He went
-
to the training himself. And we said well,
why
-
did you do that? And he said, well, I
-
wanted to make sure the training was appropriate
for
-
you. That was a really informative moment
for me.
-
I've learned a lot from my bad bosses believe
-
it or not. I've taken a lot of notes.
-
And I saw how devastating that impact was
on
-
the team. Not only because he was eating first
-
and taking training before anyone else in
his team,
-
but also the lack of trust that that implied.
-
He didn't trust you to go to training and
-
come back and give him an assessment of whether
-
or not he should send other folks. So it's
-
very important that you put your team first.
Your
-
teams' needs come first at all times.
-
Lead from the front. What does that mean?
It
-
means don't do, don't ask them to do anything
-
you are not willing to do yourself. If you
-
don't want to work weekends, why should they?
They,
-
you don't want to do the unfun work. You
-
don't want to do QA. QA is unfun sometimes,
-
but I do it because I expect them to
-
do it. Leading from the front is the difference
-
between being on the top picture and being
on
-
the bottom picture.
-
Along similar lines, it's not your employees'
job to
-
feel your pain. There's nothing worse than
a boss
-
who complains down and expects their employees
to make
-
sure that their job is happy. Your job is
-
to make their job happy. That's what your
job
-
is. If you want to complain about your pain,
-
that's what your boss is for. It flows uphill.
-
It doesn't go down. A lot of bosses cannot
-
maintain that separation, particularly if
they're friends with their
-
employees. So nobody cares what you want.
Your job
-
is to make sure the work gets done. Their
-
job is to execute on that work. Not stop
-
what they're doing to console you or make
you
-
feel better about your day.
-
I believe a high-performing team will always
be greater
-
than the sum of its parts. The ten x
-
engineers are great, they're great to have
on your
-
team. I believe a team of average engineers
truly
-
working together will always outperform that
one engineer. I
-
like to cult. So, everything I do, every moment
-
of my day is really about, am I establishing
-
a team environment? Am I establishing the
kind of
-
culture where team comes first? And, again,
trying to
-
be selfless is a great way to start if
-
you want to cultivate that kind of environment.
-
Finally, you're never done learning. Another
quote from Vince
-
Lambardi. Leaders are not born, they are made,
and
-
they are made just like anything else: through
hard
-
work. And that's the price we'll have to pay
-
to achieve that goal, or any goal. I've been
-
studying this for eighteen years. I'm gonna
study it
-
for the rest of my life. I will always
-
continue to improve, hopefully. I'm always
trying to learn
-
new things, talk to other leaders, read books.
I
-
may do this presentation in a year. It may
-
be completely different, cause maybe, I hope,
I hope
-
it's different. Cause I hope I've learned
something new
-
and amazing about leadership that I can share.
-
Lastly, I'd like to leave with a quote on,
-
from Admiral Grace Hopper, a pioneer in the
computer
-
science industry, great military leader. He
said, you manage
-
things. You lead people. The key to being
a
-
good boss is really understand the nuance
of that.
-
You manage things. You lead people. You use
things.
-
You don't use people. Understanding the difference
between those
-
concepts is really the key to leadership.
-
I said I'd tell you where to find resources
-
so I'm gonna put this up right here. I
-
will share on the next slide, there's going
to
-
be a, a link to my deck, so don't
-
feel you have to write this down right now.
-
Very quickly, if you're tr- if your company
will
-
pay for training, take advantage of it. It
may
-
sound dorky to go to a week-long communication
class.
-
There's a lot you can learn if you're humble
-
enough to admit you have something to learn.
There's
-
a lot of free resources on the internet. TED
-
talks. There's a lot of talks about leadership
there.
-
There's other videos I'm sure you can go out
-
and seek it. There's a lot of videos of
-
notable speakers.
-
PMI is the Project Management Institute. If
you have
-
your PMP certification, they have free resources.
Webinars, dinners
-
you can go to. History is a really important
-
one. We're at RailsConf thinking, like, oh
my god,
-
Rails is ten years old. We're so old. Leadership
-
has been around since the dawn of man. Since
-
one caveman turned to another and said, you
know
-
what, if we got some guys together, we could
-
kill that mammoth.
-
That's project management right there. You
stab the left
-
side. That's your job. And I'm gonna stab
the
-
right side. And our success criteria will
be the
-
mammoth is dead.
-
So don't be afraid to look. Obviously management,
leadership
-
is an evolving art, and yet some of the
-
fundamental things that drive people are,
have remained the
-
same over thousands of years. Sun Su's Art
of
-
War is still studied by military leaders today.
Abraham
-
Lincoln, the great sixteenth American President
has so much
-
to teach us about how to apply hard power
-
versus soft power. See the movie Lincoln.
I am
-
the President of the United States clothed
in immense
-
power and I will have this bill. That's hard
-
power. But then the other scene where he's
talking
-
to Tom Lee Jones, the senator, and he's convincing
-
him. Cause that guy doesn't have to listen
to
-
him. He said, let me tell you a story.
-
Let me show you an analogy about why you
-
need to do this. Let me convince you. Soft
-
power.
-
So study great leaders in history. Church
Hill, Steve
-
Jobs. Go as far back as you want. I'm
-
a reader. I like books. I looked up management
-
on Amazon. I got back 900,000 hits, so there
-
are plenty of books out there. I will quote
-
DHH a little bit here and say beware of
-
books that are diet-esque, in other words,
this management
-
style will change your life in fifteen minutes.
So
-
take it with a grain of salt.
-
These are three books I recommend. I just
read
-
them. And, again, going back to that learning
from
-
people in history, Dale Carnegie wrote a tremendous
book
-
called How to Make Friends and Influence People,
which
-
is really about the art of communication.
How to
-
write criticism without crushing people. How
to, how to,
-
how to basically influence, influence folks
in a positive
-
way. He wrote that in 1935 and it still
-
resonates today. It's still one of the twelve
most
-
influential business books I think in some,
some article
-
by Business Inc. Warren Buffet said that book
changed
-
his life. And he's a billionaire, so maybe
he
-
knows some stuff.
-
And then, finally, again, studying frameworks.
Agile Samurai is
-
a great touch point if you want to get
-
into learning about Agile frameworks. And
I finished right
-
on time, so go me. If you want to
-
find me on Twitter at mad_typist. Learn from
the
-
leaders around you as well. I'm happy to talk
-
to you about my thoughts on leadership at
any
-
time. If you want to see my terrible public
-
code, it's right there on GitHub. You can
actually
-
look at my commit record and you know when
-
releases are happening, cause it goes stark
white because
-
I have no time to code because I'm putting
-
out a thousand fires. And lastly, you can
get
-
these slides on speakerdeck. That's the link
there.
-
Thank you guys so much for coming. I think
-
I've got maybe a minute or two for questions.
-
Or you can clap first.