CNN 10 - March 10, 2018 | The Close Relationship Between the U.S. and the U.K. | CNN Student News

The Close Relationship Between the U.S. and the U.K.; The Replacement of the Acting U.S. Attorney General; A Plan to Remove "Space Junk"

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Hi. I'm Carl Azuz for CNN 10. And it's great
to see you this Wednesday, the first day of

February 2017.

Here we go -- the first foreign leader to
meet with newly inaugurated U.S. President

Donald Trump was British Prime Minister Theresa
May. She visited

Washington, D.C. last week. And she carried
with her an invitation for President Trump

to attend an official state visit with Queen
Elizabeth II.

A state visit is a very formal event. A foreign
leader gets a grand welcome from Britain's

royal family. There's a banquet at Buckingham

Palace, a horse drawn carriage procession
plank by soldiers.

President Trump's invitation is unusual in
that visit would happen later this year. No

U.S. president has ever made a state visit
to the U.K. in

his first year in office.

Former President Barack Obama had been in
office for more than two years. Former President

George W. Bush, more than two and a half years.

There are a more than a million signatures
on a British petition calling for President

Trump's state visit to be cancelled. Many
Britons are

protesting President Trump's executive order
concerning immigration and refugees. There's

also a counter-petition in support of Trump's
visit that

got more than 100,000 signatures. The invitation
will now be debated in Britain's parliament.

Prime Minister May says President Trump's
invitation stands. It's one many examples

of the exceptionally close ties that Britain
and America have

shared for decades.

Winston Churchill was first to coin the phrase
"special relationship". It was 1946, shortly

after World

War II. And he was referring to the bond between
Britain and the United States.

He recognized that the future of Great Britain,
the future of the British Empire depended

on getting support

from the American President Franklin Roosevelt.

Presidential historian Tim Naftali says President
Franklin Roosevelt was impressed with Churchill's

doggedness.

So, the two of them bonded because they both
recognized a threat to civilization. And in

the end, they weren't successfully together
to win

a war.

KAYE: They fought their common enemies from
World War II, Japan and Nazi Germany. After

Roosevelt's death, Churchill called him "the
greatest

American friend Britain had ever known."

In British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher,
President Ronald Reagan found his political

soul mate. The two first met back in 1975
in London. And

their relationship changed history. She spoke
of him fondly at his 2004 funeral.

He sought to mend America's wounded spirit,
to restore the strength of the free world,

and to

free the slaves of communism.

She was his partner in dealing with the Soviet
Union and encouraged him to speak to Mikhail

Gorbachev.

It was very useful for Ronald Reagan to have
someone from a different country that he completely

trusted and someone who could provide

him with some guidance as to how to deal with
the Soviets.

Their relationship will likely be remembered
as the closest transatlantic relationship

between Britain and the U.S., with

Thatcher years ago calling Ronald Reagan "one
of the greatest men of our time" and "one

of the greatest American presidents of all
time".

After 9/11, President George W. Bush looked
to his partner across the pond, British Prime

Minister Tony Blair to help fight terrorism.

I have admired him as a friend and I regard
him as a friend. I have taken the view that

Britain should

stand shoulder to shoulder with American after
September 11th.

Blair suffered huge political costs for that.
People called him a lap dog of George W. Bush.

In his memoir, Blair wrote that Bush sincerely
believed in spreading freedom and democracy.

Years later, President Barack Obama and Prime
Minister David Cameron joined forces against

terrorists in the Middle East.

There were joint operations in Afghanistan.
They helped each other out in Iraq.

There was a sense of camaraderie, as well
as a deep mutual respect.

It is a special relationship and an essential
relationship. I believe that it is stronger

that it has

ever been.

Special relationships only strengthened by
common enemies and common goals.

Randi Kaye, CNN, New York.

U.S. attorney general is a cabinet level job
in the federal government. The A.G. leads

the Justice Department, serving as America's

top legal official.

President Trump nominated Jeff Sessions for
the job. He's a Republican senator from Alabama.

But it's up to the rest of the Senate to either

confirm or deny him the position. And, of
course, on Monday, lawmakers hadn't done that.

At the time, Sally Yates was filling in as
America's acting attorney general. She was

appointed to the Justice Department by former
President

Obama. And on Monday night, President Trump
fired her. Why?

Yates told the Justice Department not to defend
the president's recent executive order concerning

immigration and refugees, an overview of that

order and both sides of the controversy surrounding
it are explained on our January 30th show.

That's on our homepage.

Why did Attorney General Yates go against
the Trump administration? She says she wasn't

convinced that the executive order was lawful
or that it

was consistent with her responsibilities to,
quote, "seek justice and stand for what is

right."

The White House said Yates betrayed the Department
of Justice and that she was fired for, quote,

"refusing to enforce a legal order designed
to

protect the citizens of the United States."

Shortly after Yates was fired, a U.S. attorney
named Dana Boente was sworn in to temporarily

lead the Justice Department. He then told
government

lawyers to defend the president's immigration
and refugee order. The Senate is expected

to vote today on whether to confirm Jeff Sessions
as the

attorney general going forward.

Ten-second trivia:

The International Space Station and many other
satellites orbit in what layer of Earth's

atmosphere?

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, or
thermosphere?

The thermosphere, which extends from about
53 to 375 miles above the Earth is home to

the ISS.

Not to mention a bunch of junk, space junk,
chunks of dead satellites, used rockets or

tiny metal pieces that can pose a big threat
to

the working satellites that bring us Internet
access, phone access, navigation. Scientists

estimate that there are more than 7,000 tons
of

trash orbiting the Earth.

And this year, the United Kingdom's Surrey
Space Centre is launching a mission that test

ways to clean up space.

A giant net could be used to catch satellites
instead of butterflies. A harpoon can help

a space trash collection system spear chunks
of junk and

what scientists call a drag sail could be
attached to future satellites and act like

a giant parachute that would slow them down
once they are done

working and cause them to move toward Earth
faster and then burn up sooner in its atmosphere.

The mission, which is funded by the Europe
Commission, costs a little less than $16 million

and it would use cubes to test these junk
removal tools.

The people on this planet generate over one
billion metric tons of waste each year. But

did you know that we've

created loads of junk in space?

Space junk orbits Earth.

The earth is surrounded by a growing cloud
of orbiting garbage that according to NASA

contains at least 20,000 objects larger than
a softball,

500,000 bigger than a marble, and millions
of pieces of debris, they're simply too small

to track.

The trash comes from explosions, spacecraft
collisions and expendable rocket stages. And

as our space environment is getting more congested
and

complicated, it's also getting cluttered with
all kinds of garbage.

The problem is, is that these pieces of trash
are traveling at speeds up to 18,000 miles

per hour, which is almost 10 times faster
than a bullet. Even

a paint flake at that speed becomes a missile.

The International Space Station even had to
replace windows when debris paint flakes caused

damage to them. It's not uncommon
that ISS has to

adjust its orbit to dodge some space junk.

Because this trash posed a threat to our properties
in space, the Department of Defense catalogs

and tracks those items that are bigger than

a softball. They're currently building what
they call a "space fence", which is just a

radar-based space surveillance system that
will allow the

Air Force to better track space debris and
artificial satellites.

You can't stick a landing to score a perfect
"10 Out of 10" without first taking the junk.

That's exactly what Ivan Briggs did ahead
of his

90th birthday.

The World War II veteran who said age has
never been a problem for him also said he

had no fear about the jump, that it was pure
enjoyment.

Briggs' wife of 65 years says he got lots
of hugs when he was safely back on the ground.

And the soon-to-be nonagenarian says he'd
like to take the

leap again.

Of course, any jump like that takes a little
plane-ing. You're going to catch a lot of

air, you'll need a good windbreaker and you'll
fall a long

way while you shoot the breeze. But with the
ground back beneath your feet, things tend

to terra firm up.

That's about all the puns I'm dropping today
on CNN 10. I'm Carl Azuz, wishing you happy landings.