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Let's try some word association. I'll say a word. You say the first word that pops into your head. Ready? "Day"
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Day after day. The earth is worn down by water, ice, wind and chemicals.
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Night.
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Night...after night. The process continues. Relentlessly. Unabated. Pounding on the earth!
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Interesting.
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Dog.
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Doggone it!
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That mountain used to be higher and more jagged!
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Ah ha! I think I see the problem. It goes back to your childhood.
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You are obsessed with erosion!
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Bill Nye the Science Guy.
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Bill! Bill! Bill! Bill!
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Bill Nye the Science Guy.
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Science rules.
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"Inertia is a property of matter."
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Bill Nye the Science Guy.
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Brought to you by "Erosion Demolition...Inc."
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Give us the time and we'll wear away anything you've got.
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Rocks are solid.
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They're rocks.
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But every rock on the earth's surface will be different tomorrow from the way it is today. They're eroding.
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Water, ice, wind, sand and chemicals are constantly crumbling mountains.
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Flattening hills, widening valleys and deepening canyons. Erosion never stops.
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Never!
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Whoa. Wrong way.
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Take a look at this!
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It's our water flow erosion model of science.
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It's a piece of mineral salt and a hose.
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Watch what happens when a stream of water slowly flows over it.
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It's changing. The water is carrying some of the solid away. We say it's "eroding".
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This takes time.
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This is our expanding ice bottle of science.
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When we freeze the water inside with this ordinary household liquid nitrogen,
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the liquid water turns to solid ice. It expands. It can split the bottle right open.
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See? When liquid water gets in cracks and rocks and freezes, the rocks split open. This is another cause of erosion.
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It's coming along.
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See, the rock is changing. Very, very slowly. Changing.
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Zip up.
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Now we'll look at some wind erosion.
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This is sand. This is a sandblaster.
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Let's say that these plastic foam mountains are...mountains. Watch:
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Every particle of sand carries away a little bit of mountain.
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After a while the mountains change. They're eroding.
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Okay. Gotta fix that.
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Hello? Hello? Anybody?
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Got a chip on your shoulder? Slough off life's worries the natural way. At the Erosion Spa.
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Let our staff of skilled erosionists chip away and take off life's craggy peaks.
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Enjoy our wind and sand exfoliating scrubs.
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Relax in an acid rain soak.
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And smoooth away wrinkles in a chemical erosion chamber.
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So when you're feeling jagged and unstable, set aside lots of time and come on down to the Erosion Spa.
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Hello? Anybody?
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Huh? Huh? Huh?
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Okay, I'm gonna tap real hard.
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Sand in my mouth.
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Look! The water has worn away a little canyon. See how deep it is?
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Landscapes all over the world are always changing.
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It's erosion.
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When it rains, the water that falls erodes the earth. Here's an experiment you can do to see how erosion works.
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Put some dense sand in a container like this. Dump it out like you're making a sand castle.
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Put a quarter flat on top of the sand.
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Sprinkle some water on top of the sand, very gently.
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I said, gently.
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See, the sand washes away in every place except underneath the coin.
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The coin is like a plant or a tree in the forest, or a really hard rock, which help prevent erosion.
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When there's something holding the soil in place, it doesn't erode as fast.
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See this Dark color? It's iron oxide. Rust.
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There's iron in the rock. Rain water and oxygen in the air combine to turn it into rust.
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It leaves these dark streaks on the rock.
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Let's say this is a rock. Well, it is a rock.
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Let's say that this is iron. Well, it is iron. It's steel wool, which is mostly iron.
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This is hydrogen peroxide, a chemical made of water and oxygen. As it flows over the rock and hits the iron, the iron rusts
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and leaves streaks, just like the streaks on the rocks outdoors.
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It doesn't matter if the metals and rocks are in human-made objects.
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Rain water and fog are helping this metal combine with oxygen in the air.
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It's turning this copper green, and slowly eating the metal away. It's just like the rocks.
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The iron turns to iron oxide. It's taking some of the iron out of the rock. Some of the rock is going away.
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It's a form of erosion. It's chemical. Chemical erosion.
