-
There are more than yesterday.
-
He will be saying prayers in
the garden. Just follow the others.
-
He will be saying prayers in
the garden. Just follow the others.
-
Brother, Bapu is already
late for prayers.
-
Oh, God!
-
The object of this massive tribute...
-
...died as he had always lived:
-
A private man without wealth...
-
...without property...
-
...without official title or office.
-
Mahatma Gandhi...
-
...was not the commander of armies...
-
...nor a ruler of vast lands.
-
He could not boast
any scientific achievement...
-
...or artistic gift.
-
Yet men...
-
...governments, dignitaries
from all over the world...
-
...have joined hands today
to pay homage...
-
...to this little brown man
in the loincloth...
-
...who led his country to freedom.
-
In the words of
General George C. Marshall...
-
...the American secretary of state:
-
"Mahatma Gandhi has become
the spokesman...
-
...for the conscience of all mankind.
-
He was a man...
-
...who made humility...
-
...and simple truth...
-
...more powerful than empires."
-
And Albert Einstein added:
-
"Generations to come will scarce
believe that such a one as this...
-
...ever in flesh and blood...
-
...walked upon this earth."
-
Tell me...
-
...do you think about hell?
-
No, neither do I.
-
But this man here...
-
...is a Christian, and he's written
that in order to believe--
-
Excuse me, sir.
-
How long have you been
in South Africa?
-
-A week.
-I don't know how you got a ticket.
-
Just what are you doing
in this car, coolie?
-
Why, I have a ticket.
-
Why, I have a ticket.
-
A first-class ticket.
-
-How did you get it?
-I sent for it in the post.
-
I'm an attorney.
I didn't--
-
There are no colored attorneys
in South Africa.
-
Sit where you belong!
-
-I'll take your luggage back, sir.
-No.
-
Just a moment, please.
-
You see?
-
Mohandas K. Gandhi, attorney at law.
-
I'm going to conduct a case
for an Indian trading firm.
-
Didn't you hear me? There are no
colored attorneys in South Africa.
-
I was called to the bar in London...
-
...and enrolled at
the High Court of Chancery.
-
I am, therefore, an attorney.
-
And since I am,
in your eyes, colored...
-
...I think we can deduce
there is at least...
-
...one colored attorney
in South Africa.
-
Smart bloody Kaffir!
-
Throw him out.
-
Just move your black ass
back to third class...
-
...or I'll have you thrown off
at the next station.
-
But I always go first class!
-
But you're a rich man.
Why put up with it?
-
Yes, I am rich. But I am Indian.
-
Yes, I am rich. But I am Indian.
-
I do not expect
to travel first class.
-
-In England, I was a poor student.
-That was England.
-
This is part of England's Empire.
-
Mr. Gandhi, you look at Mr. Khan and
you see a successful Muslim trader.
-
Most South Africans see him
simply as an Indian.
-
And the vast majority of Indians,
mostly Hindus, like yourself...
-
...were brought here to
work mines and harvest crops.
-
Most Europeans don't want them
doing anything else.
-
-But that is very unchristian--
-Mr. Gandhi, in this country...
-
...Indians are not allowed to walk
along the pavement with a Christian.
-
You mean, you employ Mr. Baker
as your attorney...
-
...but you can't walk down the street
with him?
-
Well, I can.
-
But I risk being kicked
into the gutter by someone...
-
...less holy than Mr. Baker.
-
Well, then it must be fought.
-
We are children of God
like everyone else.
-
Allah be praised!
-
And what battalions
will you call upon?
-
I will write to the press...
-
...here and in England.
-
I will use the courts.
-
You'll cause a lot of trouble.
Our position is--
-
We are members of the Empire.
-
And we come from
an ancient civilization.
-
Why should we not walk on
the pavements like other men?
-
I rather like the idea of
an Indian barrister in South Africa.
-
I'm sure our community could
keep you in work for some time...
-
...even if you caused
a good deal of trouble.
-
Especially if you caused
a good deal of trouble.
-
There's the English reporter.
I told you he'd come.
-
You also said your article
would draw a thousand people.
-
At least some of the Hindus
brought their wives.
-
No, I asked my wife
to organize that.
-
Some of them are leaving.
-
"Ladies and gentlemen...
-
...we have asked you to gather here
to help us proclaim our right...
-
...to be treated as equal citizens
of the Empire.
-
We do not seek conflict.
-
We know the strength of
the forces arrayed against us...
-
We know the strength of
the forces arrayed against us...
-
...know that because of them,
we can only use peaceful means.
-
But we are determined
that justice will be done.
-
The symbol of our status
is embodied in this pass...
-
...which we must carry
at all times...
-
...but which no European
even has to have.
-
The first step towards
changing our status...
-
...is to eliminate
this difference between us."
-
Now?
-
You write brilliantly, but you have
much to learn about handling men.
-
"We do not want to ignite...
-
...the fear or hatred of anyone.
-
But we ask you...
-
...Hindu, Muslim and Sikh...
-
...to help us light up the sky...
-
...and the minds of
the British authorities...
-
...with our defiance
of this injustice."
-
We will now burn the passes of
our committee and its supporters.
-
We ask you to put
your passes on the fire--
-
You bloody dog!
-
Those passes...
-
...are government property!
-
And I will arrest the first man
who tries to burn one!
-
Take him away.
-
You little...
-
...Sammy...
-
...bastard!
-
Now! Are there any more?
-
If you want this kind of trouble,
you can have it.
-
Let me go!
-
Let me go!
-
Stop.
-
The London papers have
arrived from the Cape.
-
The worst was the Daily Mail.
They said the burning of passes...
-
-Ask Mr. Herzog to see me.
-...was the most significant act...
-
...in colonial affairs since
the Declaration of Independence.
-
They'll find we're better
prepared this time.
-
Mr. Gandhi will find
he's on a long hiding to nothing.
-
"A High Court judge confirmed
that Mr. Gandhi...
-
...would've been within his rights
to prosecute for assault...
-
...since neither he nor Mr. Khan
resisted arrest."
-
I told you about English law.
-
As I told you about English policemen.
-
Yes?
-
We're very pleased
to have you back, Papa.
-
We're very pleased
to have you back, Papa.
-
And I am glad to be back.
-
Come.
-
Mind your face.
-
Tomorrow I'll tell you about
my days in a police hospital.
-
Come, come.
-
Just like proper English gentlemen.
I'm proud of them.
-
They're boys and they're Indian.
-
Will you take this off?
It pinches every time I speak.
-
I've got it.
-
You'd be Gandhi.
-
I thought you'd be bigger.
-
-I'm sorry.
-No, that's all right.
-
My name is Charlie Andrews, sir.
-
I've come from India.
-
I've read a great deal about you.
-
I've read a great deal about you.
-
Some of it good, I hope.
-
Would you care to walk?
-
-You're a clergyman?
-Yes.
-
I met some remarkable people in India.
-
And when I read what you were doing,
I wanted to help.
-
-Does that surprise you?
-Not anymore.
-
At first, I was amazed...
-
...but when you're fighting
in a just cause...
-
...people seem to pop up, like you,
right out of the pavement.
-
Even when it's dangerous or....
-
Hey, look what's coming!
-
A white shepherd leading
a brown Sammy!
-
-Perhaps we should....
-Doesn't the New Testament say:
-
"If your enemy strikes you on
the right cheek, offer him the left"?
-
The phrase was used metaphorically.
I don't think our Lord--
-
I'm not so sure.
I have thought about it a great deal.
-
I suspect he meant
you must show courage...
-
...be willing to take a blow,
several blows, to show...
-
...you won't strike back,
nor will you be turned aside.
-
And when you do that, it calls on
something in human nature...
-
...that makes his hatred for you
decrease and his respect increase.
-
I think Christ grasped that,
and I have seen it work.
-
Good morning.
-
Get off the pavement,
you bloody coon.
-
-Yeah, get off.
-Kaffir!
-
-Colin, what you doing?
-Nothing.
-
Come out where I can see you!
-
I said, what you doing?
-
We were just trying
to clean up the neighborhood.
-
You're late for work.
I thought you'd gone 10 minutes ago.
-
Get on!
-
You'll find there's room for us all.
-
-That was lucky.
-I thought you were a man of God.
-
I am, but I'm not
so egotistical as to think...
-
...he plans his day
around my dilemmas.
-
You could call it
a communal farm, I suppose.
-
But you've all come
to the same conclusions.
-
Our Gita, the Muslim's Koran,
your Bible.
-
It's always the simple things
that catch your breath.
-
"Love thy neighbor as thyself."
-
Not always practiced...
-
...but it's something we Hindus
could learn a lot from.
-
That's the kind of thing
you'll be seeking on this farm?
-
Well, we shall try.
-
Bad news, I'm afraid.
-
They're going to change
the pass laws.
-
It's taken time,
but it needed to be done fairly.
-
We didn't want to create an injustice
simply because Mr. Gandhi...
-
...was abusing our
existing legislation.
-
Just one moment, sir, please.
-
I beg your pardon.
-
But on a short trip...
-
...I wouldn't spend too much time
on the Indian question, Mr. Walker.
-
It's a tiny factor
in South Africa.
-
Well, it is news at the moment.
-
I plan to report on
the condition of the mines here...
-
-...as well as the economy.
-Good.
-
But I would like to meet
this Mr. Gand-eye.
-
-Gandhi.
-Gandhi.
-
Of course.
We Westerners have a weakness...
-
...for these spiritually inclined
men of India.
-
But as an old lawyer,
let me warn you.
-
Mr. Gandhi is as shrewd a man
as you will ever meet...
-
...however otherworldly he may seem.
-
But I'm sure you're enough
of a reporter to see that.
-
I hope so.
Thank you for your time, sir.
-
So it's not spiritualism
or nationalism.
-
We're not resisting anything but the
idea that people can't live together.
-
You see?
-
Hindus, Muslims...
-
...Sikhs, Jews...
-
...even Christians.
-
Mr. Walker of the New York Times.
-
How you doing?
-
Without a paper,
a journal of some kind...
-
...you cannot unite a community.
-
You belong to a
very important profession.
-
And what do you think an important
professional should write...
-
...about your response to
General Smuts' newest legislation?
-
I don't know.
-
I'm still searching for a response.
-
You will respect the law?
-
There are unjust laws
as there are unjust men.
-
You're a small minority to take on
the South African government...
-
-...not to mention the British Empire.
-If you are a minority of one...
-
...the truth is the truth.
-
Herman Kallenbach...
-
...our chief carpenter,
also our chief benefactor.
-
Vince Walker, New York Times.
-
Vince Walker, New York Times.
-
This is quite a place
you've got here.
-
And you call it an ashram?
-
That's right.
The word only means "community."
-
But it could stand for
"village" or "the world."
-
You're an ambitious man, Mr. Gandhi.
-
I hope not.
-
I hear that you also prepare
the meals and clean the toilets.
-
-Is that part of the experiment?
-Ba!
-
We will need another place set
for Mr. Walker's driver.
-
I will tell Tara.
-
Yes, it's one way to learn
that each man's labor...
-
...is as important as another's.
-
While you're doing it,
cleaning the toilet...
-
...seems far more important
than the law.
-
Please, come and join us.
-
You'll need something before
your journey back.
-
-Would you excuse me, please?
-Yeah, sure.
-
What is it?
-
Sora was sent to tell me I must...
-
...rake and cover the latrine.
-
That's right.
Everyone takes their turn.
-
It is the work of untouchables!
-
In this place,
there are no untouchables...
-
...and no work is beneath any of us.
-
I'm your wife!
-
All the more reason.
-
As you command.
-
The others may follow you,
but you forget...
-
...I knew you when you were a boy.
-
It's not me.
-
It's the principle.
-
And you will do it with joy
or not do it at all.
-
Not at all then.
-
All right then, go.
You don't belong here!
-
Go and leave the ashram altogether.
We don't want you!
-
Have you no shame?
-
I'm your wife!
-
Where do you expect me to go?
-
What's the matter with me?
-
You're human.
-
Only human.
-
And it's even harder
for those of us...
-
...who do not even want to be
as good as you do.
-
I apologize.
-
I must get back to that reporter.
-
And I must...
-
...rake and cover the latrine.
-
I want to welcome you all.
-
Every one of you.
-
We have no secrets.
-
Let us begin by being clear...
-
...about General Smuts' new law.
-
All Indians must now
be fingerprinted...
-
...like criminals.
-
Men and women.
-
No marriage other than a Christian
marriage is considered valid.
-
Under this act...
-
...our wives and mothers are whores.
-
And every man here is a bastard.
-
He has become quite good at this.
-
And a policeman...
-
...passing an Indian dwelling--
-
I will not call them homes.
-
--may enter and demand the card of
any Indian woman whose dwelling it is.
-
Goddamn them!
-
Understand...
-
...he does not have to
stand at the door.
-
He may enter.
-
I will not allow it!
-
I swear to Allah.
-
I'll kill the man who offers
that insult to my home and my wife...
-
...and let them hang me!
-
I say talk means nothing!
-
Kill a few officials before
they disgrace one Indian woman.
-
Then they might think twice
about such laws.
-
In that cause,
I would be willing to die!
-
I praise such courage.
-
I need such courage...
-
...because, in this cause,
I too am prepared to die.
-
But, my friend...
-
...there is no cause for which
I am prepared to kill.
-
Whatever they do to us...
-
...we will attack no one...
-
...kill no one.
-
But we will not give
our fingerprints, not one of us.
-
They will imprison us. They will fine
us. They will seize our possessions.
-
But they cannot take away
our self-respect...
-
...if we do not give it to them.
-
Have you been to prison?
-
They beat us and torture us.
I say--
-
I am asking you to fight.
-
To fight against their anger,
not to provoke it.
-
We will not strike a blow.
-
But we will receive them.
-
And through our pain...
-
...we will make them see
their injustice.
-
And it will hurt...
-
...as all fighting hurts.
-
But we cannot lose.
-
We cannot.
-
They may torture my body...
-
...break my bones...
-
...even kill me. Then...
-
...they will have my dead body...
-
...not my obedience.
-
We are Hindu and Muslim...
-
...children of God, each one of us.
-
Let us take a solemn oath
in his name...
-
...that, come what may...
-
...we will not submit to this law.
-
God save our gracious King
-
God save our noble King
-
God save our King
-
These men are contracted laborers.
-
They belong in the mines.
-
You put their comrades in jail.
-
When you free them...
-
...they will go back to work.
-
I've warned you.
-
We've warned each other.
-
I don't think that's very good.
-
Steady, steady.
-
Stop!
-
At the canter, charge!
-
We should lie down. Down!
-
The horses won't trample on us.
Lie down!
-
Follow me! Follow me!
-
Now what the hell do we do?
-
Let them march.
-
In our own sweet time,
in our own sweet way...
-
...we'll get them.
-
-One law!
-One king!
-
-One law!
-One king!
-
Some of you may be rejoicing that
Mr. Gandhi has been put into prison.
-
But I would ask you, assembled
here in this house of God...
-
...to recognize that we are
witnessing something new...
-
...something so unexpected,
so unusual...
-
...that it is not surprising
the government is at a loss.
-
What Mr. Gandhi
has forced us to do...
-
...is ask questions about ourselves.
-
As Christians, those are
difficult questions to answer.
-
How do we treat men
who defy an unjust law...
-
...who will not fight...
-
...but will not comply?
-
As Christians, or as people
who have not heard the word--
-
They're sparing no one, I see.
-
No, you were the surprise.
-
It has been all over the prison.
-
We thought they'd be too afraid
of the English press.
-
So did I.
-
I don't know who they've
left out there to do the work.
-
-Have they touched the women?
-My wife publicly defied the law.
-
They've arrested her and four others.
-
It split the government.
-
Well, that's one victory.
-
If we hold firm,
it won't be the last.
-
Don't worry.
-
I've never seen men so determined.
-
You have given them a way to fight.
-
Gandhi!
-
I want Gandhi!
-
Which Sammy is it?
-
Mr. Gandhi.
-
I thought we might have
a little talk.
-
Thank you, Daniels.
-
Will you have a glass of sherry?
-
Thank you, no.
-
-Perhaps some tea?
-I dined at the prison.
-
Please, do come and sit down.
-
Mr. Gandhi.
-
I've more or less decided to ask
the House to repeal the act...
-
...that you have taken
such exception to.
-
Well, if you asked, General Smuts,
I'm sure it will be done.
-
It's not quite that simple.
-
Somehow, I expected not.
-
I thought of calling for
a royal commission...
-
...to investigate the new legislation.
-
I think I could guarantee they would
recommend the act be repealed.
-
I congratulate them.
-
But they might also recommend...
-
...that all future Indian immigration
be severely restricted...
-
...even stopped.
-
Immigration was not an issue
on which we fought.
-
It would be wrong of us
to make it one, now that we....
-
We are in a position of advantage.
-
I'm ordering the release of all
prisoners within the next 24 hours.
-
You yourself are free
as from this moment.
-
Assuming we are in agreement.
-
Yes, yes.
-
It's just that in these clothes,
I would prefer to go by taxi.
-
All right. Fine.
-
I'm afraid I have no money.
-
Neither have I.
-
I'm awfully sorry.
-
Daniels...
-
...will you lend Mr. Gandhi
a shilling for a taxi?
-
I beg your pardon, sir?
-
How far will you be going, Gandhi?
-
Now that this is settled, I'd thought
seriously of going back to India.
-
But a shilling will do splendidly
for the moment.
-
Thank you.
-
I'm obliged, Mr. Daniels...
-
...but I can find my own way out.
-
Guard of honor!
-
Guard of honor!
-
Attention!
-
Present arms!
-
-My God, he loves it!
-I'm sure he hates it.
-
Generals' reputations are
being made in France today...
-
...fighting on the Western front.
-
Not as military governors in India.
-
What the devil's going on back there?
-
Must be that Indian who made
all that fuss in Africa.
-
My cabin boy told me he was onboard.
-
There he is.
-
God, he's dressed like a coolie!
-
I thought he was a lawyer.
-
Mr. Gandhi, have you refused
to wear European clothes?
-
No, I haven't refused.
-
I simply wanted to dress the way
my comrades in prison dress.
-
I simply wanted to dress the way
my comrades in prison dress.
-
Will you support the war effort?
-
If I wish to enjoy the benefits
and protection of the British Empire...
-
...it would be wrong of me
not to help in its defense.
-
Now that you're back in India,
what will you do?
-
I don't know.
-
-I don't know.
-One more question.
-
As an Indian woman, how could you
accept the indignity of prison?
-
My dignity comes
from following my husband.
-
Thank you very much.
-
Just a few words, then we'll
get you to civilization.
-
May I?
-
I'm glad to be home...
-
...and I thank you for your greeting.
-
I'll follow with your wife.
-
Don't worry.
Everything's arranged.
-
-Who's that young man?
-That's young Nehru.
-
He's got his father's intellect,
his mother's good looks...
-
...and the devil's own charm.
-
If they don't ruin him at Cambridge--
Wave, wave!
-
--he might amount to something.
-
I must say, when I first saw you as
a bumbling lawyer here in Bombay...
-
...I never thought I'd greet you
as a national hero.
-
I'm hardly that, Mr. Patel.
-
Yes, you are!
-
It's been 200 years
since an Indian cocked a snook...
-
...at the British Empire
and got away with it.
-
And stop calling me Mr. Patel.
You're not a junior clerk anymore.
-
The new military governor of the
Northwest Province was on that ship.
-
Too bad you came back third class.
-
He might have been impressed...
-
...by a successful barrister
who'd outmaneuvered General Smuts.
-
Yes, I'm sure.
-
Are you involved too, Mrs. Nehru?
-
No. I leave practical matters
to my husband...
-
...and revolution to my son.
-
Mr. Gandhi, I'd like you to meet
Mr. Jinnah, our joint host...
-
...member of congress and leader
of the Muslim League.
-
How do you do?
-
And Mr. Prakash, who, I fear...
-
...is awaiting trial for sedition
and inducement to murder.
-
I have not actually pulled
the trigger, Mr. Gandhi.
-
I have simply written...
-
...if an Englishman kills an Indian
for disobeying his law...
-
...it is an Indian’s duty
to kill an Englishman...
-
...for enforcing his law
in a land that is not his.
-
It's a clever argument. It may not
produce the end you desire.
-
We hope you'll join us in our
struggle for home rule, Mr. Gandhi.
-
Excuse me. May I, Mohan?
There's someone I'd like him to meet.
-
Excuse me.
-
Sorry to rush you.
-
He told the press
he'd support the British in the war.
-
That's nonviolence for you.
-
You know, Mohan...
-
...now I have a confession to make.
-
I didn't decide to come
to South Africa.
-
Professor Gokhale sent me.
-
We are trying
to make a nation, Gandhi.
-
But the British keep trying
to break us up...
-
But the British keep trying
to break us up...
-
...into religions,
principalities, provinces.
-
What you were writing
in South Africa...
-
...that's what we need here.
-
I have so much to learn about India.
-
And I have to begin my practice again.
One needs money to run a journal.
-
Nonsense. Go on, Charlie.
This is Indian talk.
-
We want none of
you imperialists here.
-
All right, I'll go
and write my report to the viceroy.
-
You go and find
a pretty Hindu woman...
-
...and convert her to Christianity.
-
...and convert her to Christianity.
-
That's as much mischief
as you're allowed.
-
Come, let's find a quiet corner.
-
Now, you forget about your practice.
-
You have other things to do.
-
India has many men
with too much wealth.
-
And it's their privilege to nourish
the effort of the few...
-
...who can raise India
from servitude and apathy.
-
I'll see to it.
-
You begin your journal.
-
I have little to say.
-
Come, let's sit down.
-
India is an alien country to me.
-
Change that.
-
Go and find India.
-
Not what you see here...
-
...but the real India.
-
You'll see what needs to be said...
-
...what we need to hear.
-
When I saw you in that tunic, I knew.
-
I knew I could die in peace.
-
Make India proud of herself.
-
Charlie, please.
You're both being foolish.
-
But the air is lovely.
Anyway, there's no room in there.
-
Please! Come in.
-
No violence, please.
-
Let me hang on with two hands
or I will fall.
-
Englishman, sahib!
-
Come, there is room up here!
-
Put your foot on the window. Come!
-
-What are you doing?
-I'm going nearer to God.
-
Charlie! Be careful!
-
Let go. Let go!
-
-Let go!
-Oh, dear!
-
Hello.
-
You see?
It is most comfortable.
-
Sahib?
-
Are you a Christian?
-
Yes, I'm a Christian.
-
I know a Christian.
-
She drinks blood.
-
Blood of Christ. Every Sunday.
-
Charlie!
-
It's all right, sahib.
It's very safe.
-
Bend!
-
Pray to God, sahib.
Now is when it is best to be Hindu.
-
I agree with Jinnah.
-
Now that the Americans are in,
the war will be over soon.
-
The Germans are worn out as it is.
-
And our first act should be...
-
And our first act should be...
-
...to convene
a congress party convention...
-
...and demand independence.
-
And we will speak
with one voice, united.
-
And we should invite Gandhi.
-
What the devil's happened to him?
-
He's discovering India.
-
Which is better than
making trouble where it matters.
-
Invite him, let him say his piece
about South Africa...
-
...then let him slip into oblivion.
-
Insurgents.
-
They've derailed a troop train.
-
Keep clear! Come on.
-
They've killed an English soldier.
-
We were asked for toleration.
-
We were asked for patience.
-
Some of us gave it...
-
...and some did not.
-
Well, their war is over.
-
And those of us who supported it...
-
...and those of us who refused...
-
...must forget our differences.
-
And there can be no excuses...
-
...from the British now.
-
India wants...
-
...home rule.
-
India...
-
...demands home rule!
-
Congratulations.
-
And let no one question...
-
...that Mr. Jinnah speaks...
-
...not just for the Muslims...
-
...but for all India!
-
And now...
-
...I'm going to introduce to you...
-
...a man whose writings...
-
...we are all becoming familiar with.
-
A man who stood in high esteem
with our own beloved Gokhale.
-
A man whose accomplishments
in South Africa...
-
...will always be remembered.
-
Mr. Mohandas Gandhi!
-
Your journal has made great impact.
-
I'm flattered by Mr. Patel.
-
I would be even more flattered
if what he said were true.
-
But it is true.
-
I read it. Often!
-
Since I returned from South Africa...
-
...I've traveled over much of India.
-
And I know that I could travel
for many more years...
-
...and still only see
a small part of her.
-
And yet, I already know...
-
...that what we say here...
-
...means nothing to
the masses of our country.
-
Here, we make speeches
for each other...
-
...and those English liberal magazines
that may grant us a few lines.
-
But the people of India...
-
...are...
-
...untouched.
-
Their politics are confined to bread...
-
...and salt.
-
Illiterate they may be,
but they're not blind.
-
They see no reason to give their
loyalty to rich and powerful men...
-
...who simply want to take over
the role of the British...
-
...in the name of freedom.
-
This congress tells the world...
-
...it represents India.
-
My brothers...
-
...India...
-
...is 700,000 villages...
-
...not a few hundred lawyers in Delhi...
-
...and Bombay.
-
Until we stand in the fields...
-
...with the millions that toil
each day under the hot sun...
-
...we will not represent India.
-
Nor will we ever be able
to challenge the British...
-
...as one nation.
-
Have you read his magazine?
-
No.
-
But I think I'm going to.
-
Pull over.
-
This can't be the way.
-
Yes, I'm sure this is
the direction India is taking.
-
To think I almost got
excited by Mr. Jinnah...
-
...when all this was awaiting me.
-
We're looking for Mr. Gandhi.
-
-You'll find him under that tree.
-Thank you.
-
I'm anxious to meet this new force.
-
I try to live like an Indian,
as you see.
-
It's stupid, of course.
-
Because in our country...
-
...it is the British who decide
how an Indian lives...
-
...what he may buy, what he may sell.
-
And from their luxury...
-
...in the midst
of our terrible poverty...
-
...they instruct us on
what is justice, what is sedition.
-
So it's only natural
that our best young minds...
-
...assume an air of Eastern dignity...
-
...while greedily assimilating...
-
...every Western weakness as quickly
as they can acquire it.
-
If we have home rule...
-
...that'll change.
-
Would you, please?
-
Why should the British
grant us home rule?
-
We must take
the peelings to the goats.
-
We only make wild speeches or
perform even wilder acts of terrorism.
-
We've bred an army of anarchists...
-
...but not one group that can
fight the British anywhere.
-
Hello! Hello!
-
But I thought you were
against fighting.
-
Now just spread it around.
-
There you are.
-
They like the new peelings
mixed in with the rotting ones.
-
Where there's injustice,
I always believed in fighting.
-
The question is, do you fight
to change things or to punish?
-
I've found we're all such sinners,
we should leave punishment to God.
-
And if we really want
to change things...
-
...there are better ways
of doing it...
-
...than derailing trains
or slashing someone with a sword.
-
The fire is ready.
-
You see, even here...
-
...we live under tyranny.
-
What did I tell you?
Look at him!
-
I can see the British shaking now.
-
Hello!
-
I'm looking for Mr. Gandhi.
-
I've been trying to speak
to you for a long time.
-
Our crops.
-
We cannot sell them.
-
We have no money.
-
But the landlords still
demand the same rent.
-
We have nothing left.
-
Mr. Taylor, sir. Up here!
-
Jesus!
-
What the hell is going on?
-
I don't know, sir.
-
The agent got a telegram.
-
And it just said, "He is coming,"
and gave the time of the train.
-
Who the hell is "he"?
-
I don't know, sir.
-
Out of the way.
Come on, you!
-
-Who the devil are you?
-My name is Mohandas K. Gandhi.
-
Whoever you are,
we don't want you here.
-
I suggest you get back on
that train before it leaves.
-
They seem to want me.
-
Now, look here.
-
I'll put you under arrest
if you'd prefer.
-
On what charge?
-
I don't want any trouble.
-
I'm an Indian traveling in my own
country. I see no reason for trouble.
-
Well, there had better not be.
-
Make way for the officer.
-
For years...
-
...the landlords have ordered us...
-
...to grow indigo...
-
...for dyeing cloth.
-
Always, they took part
of the crop as rent.
-
But now...
-
...everyone buys their cloth
from England.
-
So no one wants...
-
...our indigo.
-
The landlords...
-
...say we must pay our rent...
-
...in cash.
-
What we could...
-
...we sold.
-
The police have taken the rest.
-
There is...
-
...no food.
-
I understand.
-
The landlords are British?
-
What we can do, we will try to do.
-
Shukla...
-
...is all Champaran like this?
-
Yes, Bapu.
-
The whole region.
-
Hundreds. Thousands.
-
Some landlords have tried to help.
-
But what can they do?
-
-Are you Mr. M.K. Gandhi?
-Yes.
-
I'm sorry, you're under arrest.
-
I'm not sorry at all.
-
Who did you say
would be buying the drinks?
-
Oh, no!
-
Wouldn't you know, that's the best
innings I've had since Oxford.
-
-India’s full of grief, old man.
-I've got no idea.
-
All I know is there's a riot or
something at Motihari in Champaran.
-
The whole company's ordered out.
-
I would like to see the prisoner.
-
On the left, sir.
-
-Charlie.
-Shades of South Africa.
-
-Charlie.
-Shades of South Africa.
-
Not quite.
-
They're only holding me...
-
...until the magistrate's hearing.
-
Then it will be prison.
-
Did they take your clothes?
-
These are my clothes now.
-
You always had
a puritanical streak, Mohan.
-
If I want to be one with them...
-
...I have to live like them.
-
Yes, I think you do.
-
But thank God we all don't.
-
My puritanism runs in a different way.
-
I'm far too modest for such a display.
-
Couldn't I be let in with
the prisoner? I am a clergyman.
-
They're calling you "Bapu."
-
I thought it meant "father."
-
It does.
-
We must be getting old, Charlie.
-
What do you want me to do?
-
I think that you can help us most...
-
...by taking that assignment
you've been offered in Fiji.
-
I have to be sure--
-
They have to be sure
that what we do...
-
...can be done by Indians alone.
-
But you know the strategy.
-
The world is full of people who
will despise what's happening here.
-
It is their strength that we need.
-
Before you go...
-
...you could start us
in the right direction.
-
I must leave from Calcutta...
-
...and soon.
-
Say goodbye to Ba for me.
-
Well, I....
-
There are no goodbyes for us, Charlie.
-
Wherever you are,
you will always be in my heart.
-
-I'm going to clear the courtroom.
-I'm not sure we'd be able to.
-
It is a first hearing.
It's supposed to be public.
-
And he's a lawyer.
-
I don't know where
they found the nerve.
-
I don't either, but the troops
won't be here till tomorrow.
-
How did the press get here
before the military?
-
That English clergyman sent
a number of telegrams yesterday.
-
I understand one of them
even went to the viceroy.
-
You have been ordered
out of the province...
-
...on the grounds of
disturbing the peace.
-
With respect, I refuse to go.
-
Do you want to go to jail?
-
As you wish.
-
All right.
-
I will release you on bail...
-
...of 100 rupees
until I reach a sentence.
-
I refuse to pay 100 rupees.
-
Then I will grant release on bail...
-
...without payment
until I reach a decision.
-
Gandhiji! Gandhiji!
-
We are from Bihar.
-
We received a cable
from an old friend...
-
...who was at Cambridge with us.
-
His name is Nehru.
-
-I believe you know him.
-Indeed.
-
He tells us you need help,
and we have come to give it.
-
I want to document coldly, rationally,
what is being done here.
-
It may take months.
-
We have no pressing engagements.
-
You will have to live
with the peasants.
-
There will be risks.
-
I don't know what
this country's coming to.
-
But good God, man!
-
You yourself raised the rent simply
to finance a hunting expedition.
-
And some of these others:
beatings, illegal seizures...
-
...demanding services without pay.
-
Even refusing them water.
-
Even refusing them water.
-
In India!
-
Nobody knows what it is to try
to get these people to work.
-
You've made this half-naked
whatever-he-is...
-
...into an international hero.
-
"One lone man, marching dusty roads,
armed only with honesty...
-
...and a bamboo staff, doing battle
with the British Empire."
-
At home, children are
writing essays about him.
-
What do they want?
-
Gareth!
-
Yes, sir.
-
There's a rebate on rents paid.
-
They're to be free to grow crops
of their own choice.
-
And a commission, part Indian,
to hear grievances.
-
That would satisfy him?
-
And His Majesty's government.
-
It only needs your signature
for the landlords.
-
It'll be worth it
to see the back of him.
-
Thank you, sir.
-
-We're too damned liberal.
-Perhaps.
-
At least this has made the government
see some sense about what men...
-
...like Mr. Gandhi should be allowed,
and what they should be denied.
-
Where is Mr. Gandhi?
-
He said he preferred to walk, sir.
-
I followed him most of the way.
He's just turned the corner.
-
He came third class.
-
God, give me patience.
-
My house is honored.
-
The honor is ours.
-
I'd like you to meet
Dr. Kallenbach, an old friend.
-
He's interested in flowers. I told
him he could wander your garden.
-
I'll send for my gardener.
You'll have plenty to discuss.
-
I'll send for my gardener.
You'll have plenty to discuss.
-
Thank you.
-
Gentlemen, the hero of Champaran.
-
Only the stubborn man of Champaran.
-
Mr. Patel you know.
-
Maulana Azad, my colleague
and a fellow Muslim...
-
...and just recently
released from prison.
-
Mr. Kripalani.
-
And of course, you know Mr. Nehru.
-
I'm beginning to know Mr. Nehru.
-
Please sit down. Do sit down.
-
Gentlemen, I've asked you to come
here through Mr. Jinnah's kindness...
-
...because I've had the chance
to see the legislation.
-
And it is exactly as was rumored.
-
Arrest without warrant,
and automatic imprisonment...
-
...for possession of materials
considered seditious.
-
And your writings
are specifically listed.
-
So much for helping them
in the Great War.
-
There is only one answer.
Direct action on a scale...
-
...they can never handle.
-
I don't think so.
-
Terrorism would only justify
their repression.
-
And what kind of leaders
would it throw up?
-
Are they men that we'd want
at the head of our country?
-
I too have read
Mr. Gandhi's writings...
-
...but I'd rather be ruled by an
Indian terrorist than an English one.
-
And I don't intend to submit
to that kind of law.
-
I must say, it seems to me...
-
...that it's gone beyond remedies
like passive resistance.
-
If I may...
-
...I, for one, have never
advocated passive anything.
-
I'm with Mr. Jinnah.
We must never submit to such laws...
-
...ever.
-
And I think our resistance must be
active and provocative.
-
May I?
-
I want to embarrass all those
who wish to treat us as slaves.
-
Thank you.
-
All of them.
-
-Forgive my stupid illustration.
-Allow me.
-
No, please.
-
But I want to change their minds...
-
...not kill them
for weaknesses we all possess.
-
And what resistance would you offer?
-
The law is due
to take effect from April 6.
-
I want to call upon the nation...
-
...to make that a day of
prayer and fasting.
-
A general strike?
-
I mean a day of prayer and fasting.
-
Of course, no work could be done.
No buses.
-
No trains.
-
No factories.
-
No administration.
-
The country would stop.
-
My God, it would terrify them!
-
350 million people at prayer?
-
Even the English newspapers
would have to report that...
-
...and explain why.
-
-But could we get people to do it?
-Why not?
-
Champaran stirred the whole country.
-
Thank you.
-
They're calling you "Mahatma."
-
"Great Soul."
-
Fortunately, such news comes
very slowly to where I live.
-
Fortunately, such news comes
very slowly to where I live.
-
I think if we all worked
to publicize it...
-
...all of congress...
-
...every avenue we know....
-
I could get articles printed in most
of the papers in Delhi and Bombay.
-
Only civilians will visit.
Don't you think so, Your Highness?
-
Of course, the army will
always be loyal.
-
I'll have you know,
we've got 500 troops.
-
They'll be damn hungry by morning,
I'll tell you that.
-
Excuse me, Your Excellency.
Mr. Kinnoch.
-
Sir, I'm afraid it's confirmed.
-
Nothing's working, sir.
-
The buses, the trains, the markets.
-
There's not even any ordinary
civilian staff here, sir.
-
There's not even any ordinary
civilian staff here, sir.
-
Is it simply Delhi and Bombay?
-
Karachi, Calcutta, Madras, Bangalore.
It's total.
-
The army had to take over
the telegraph...
-
...or we'd be cut off from the world.
-
I can't believe it.
-
He's going to sell his own paper
tomorrow in Bombay, sir.
-
They've called for a parade
on Victoria Road.
-
Arrest him.
-
He's to go to the visitors' room.
-
Bapu.
-
You too?
-
It seems less formal than Mahatma.
-
Since your arrest,
the riots have hardly stopped.
-
Not big, but they keep breaking out.
-
I want to stop them.
-
And Patel and Kripalani,
they're never at rest.
-
But some English civilians
have been killed.
-
And the army is attacking
crowds with clubs.
-
Sometimes worse.
-
Maybe I'm wrong.
-
Maybe we're not ready yet.
-
In South Africa,
our numbers were small.
-
The government's afraid.
They don't know what to do.
-
They're more afraid
of terrorism than of you.
-
The viceroy's agreed to your release
if you will speak for nonviolence.
-
I've never spoken for anything else.
-
England...
-
...is so powerful.
-
Its army...
-
...and its navy...
-
...all its modern weapons....
-
But when a great power like that...
-
...strikes defenseless people...
-
...it shows its brutality...
-
...its own weakness.
-
Especially when those people
do not strike back.
-
Fighting back will not work.
-
And that is why the Mahatma...
-
...begs us to take
the course of nonviolence.
-
Back away! Back away!
-
But if we riot...
-
...if we fight back...
-
...we become the vandals...
-
...and they become the law.
-
If we bear their blows,
they are the vandals.
-
God and his law are on our--
-
Front rank, kneel in position!
-
We...
-
...must have the courage...
-
...to take their anger.
-
Should we issue a warning, sir?
-
They've had their warning:
-
No meetings.
-
Fire!
-
Take your time!
-
Corporal!
-
To your left.
-
General Dyer...
-
...is it correct that you ordered
your troops to fire...
-
...at the thickest part of the crowd?
-
That is so.
-
1516 casualties with...
-
...1650 bullets.
-
My intention was
to inflict a lesson...
-
...that would have an impact
throughout all India.
-
General...
-
...had you been able to
take in the armored car...
-
...would you have opened fire
with the machine gun?
-
I think, probably, yes.
-
General, did you realize there were
children and women in the crowd?
-
I did.
-
But that was irrelevant
to the point you were making?
-
That is correct.
-
Could I ask you what provision
you made for the wounded?
-
I was ready to help any who applied.
-
General, how does a child...
-
...shot with a .303 Lee-Enfield...
-
...apply for help?
-
Forgive me, gentlemen,
but you must understand...
-
...that His Majesty's government
and the British people repudiate...
-
...both the massacre and
the philosophy that prompted it.
-
Now...
-
...what I would like to do...
-
...is to come to some compromise
over the new--
-
If you will excuse me,
Your Excellency...
-
...it is our view that matters
have gone beyond legislation.
-
We think it is time you recognized...
-
...that you are masters
in someone else's home.
-
Despite the best intentions
of the best of you...
-
...you must, in the nature of things,
humiliate us to control us.
-
General Dyer is but
an extreme example of the principle.
-
It is time you left.
-
With respect, Mr. Gandhi...
-
...without British administration...
-
...this country would be
reduced to chaos.
-
Mr. Kinnoch...
-
...I beg you to accept
that there is no people...
-
...who would not prefer
their own bad government...
-
...to the good government
of an alien power.
-
My dear sir, India is British.
-
We're hardly an alien power.
-
Mr. Gandhi.
-
Even if His Majesty could waive
all other considerations...
-
...he has a duty to the millions
of his Muslim subjects...
-
...who are a minority in this realm.
-
And experience suggests
that his troops...
-
...and his administration
are essential...
-
...in order to secure the peace.
-
All nations contain
religious minorities.
-
Like other countries,
ours will have its problems.
-
But they will be ours...
-
...not yours.
-
How do you propose
to make them yours?
-
You don't think we're just
going to walk out of India.
-
Yes.
-
In the end, you will walk out...
-
...because 100,000 Englishmen
simply cannot control...
-
...350 million Indians
if those Indians refuse...
-
...to cooperate.
-
And that is what
we intend to achieve.
-
Peaceful, nonviolent
noncooperation...
-
...till you yourself
see the wisdom of leaving...
-
...Your Excellency.
-
I said to him, "You don't
expect us just to walk out."
-
And he said, "Yes."
-
What an extraordinary little man,
isn't he?
-
"Nonviolence, noncooperation."
-
For a moment, I was afraid they were
actually gonna do something.
-
Yes, but I think it would be wise
to be very cautious for a time.
-
The Antiterrorist Act
will remain on the statutes...
-
...but on no account
is Gandhi to be arrested.
-
Whatever mischief he causes...
-
...I have no intention
of making a martyr of him.
-
But now something worse
is happening.
-
When Gandhiji and I
were growing up...
-
...women wove their own cloth.
-
But now there are millions
who have no work...
-
...because those who can
buy all they need from England.
-
I say with Gandhiji:
-
There is no beauty
in the finest cloth...
-
...if it makes hunger and unhappiness.
-
My message to you...
-
...is the message I have given
to your brothers everywhere.
-
To gain independence...
-
...we must prove worthy of it.
-
There must be
Hindu-Muslim unity always.
-
Second:
-
No Indian must be treated
as the English treat us.
-
We must remove untouchability...
-
...from our hearts and from our lives.
-
Third:
-
We must defy the British.
-
Not with violence
that will inflame their will...
-
...but with a firmness that will
open their eyes.
-
English factories make the cloth...
-
...that makes our poverty.
-
All those who wish to
make the English see...
-
...bring me the cloth from Manchester
and Leeds that you wear today...
-
...bring me the cloth from Manchester
and Leeds that you wear today...
-
...and we will light a fire
that will be seen in Delhi...
-
...and in London.
-
And if...
-
...like me...
-
...you are left with only
one piece of homespun...
-
...wear it with dignity.
-
Thank you very much.
-
No, thank you, I can manage.
-
Don't destroy my good intentions.
I already feel guilty...
-
-...about traveling second class.
-You've earned a few indulgences.
-
Perhaps, but Maulana's made
of sterner stuff.
-
Our trains met in Bombay.
-
And there he is, back in
that lot, the model disciple.
-
There's another passenger.
-
A Miss Slade from London. She's
been writing to Gandhiji for years.
-
She's the daughter
of an English admiral.
-
What do you think the daughter
of an English admiral...
-
...proposes to do in our ashram?
-
-Sink us?
-From the looks of the luggage, yes.
-
She wants to make her home with us.
And Gandhiji has agreed.
-
Miss Slade!
-
You'd be Mr. Kallenbach.
-
And you would be Miss Slade?
-
I prefer the name
Gandhiji has given me:
-
Mirabehn.
-
Don't pull it so fast.
You'll break it again.
-
Leave it. Leave it.
-
God gave you 10 thumbs.
-
Eleven.
-
Sardar!
-
Mirabehn!
-
Mirabehn!
-
Come, come.
-
You will be my daughter.
-
But then...
-
...some rioting broke out...
-
...between Hindus and Muslims.
-
Violent, terrible.
-
Whether it was provoked...
-
...I don't know.
-
But it gave them an excuse to impose
martial law throughout Bengal.
-
Some of the things
the military have done....
-
Is the campaign weakening?
-
The marches and protests are bigger,
if anything.
-
But with the censorship here...
-
...they know more in England
than we do.
-
It saps the courage to think you
may be suffering alone.
-
They are not alone.
-
And martial law only shows
how desperate the British are.
-
Is that homespun?
-
I sent for it from here.
I dyed it myself.
-
What do the workers in England
make of what we're doing?
-
It must have produced hardship.
-
It has...
-
...but you'd be surprised.
They do understand.
-
Good.
-
Ba will have to teach you
to spin too.
-
-I'd rather march.
-First, spin!
-
Let the others march for a time.
-
I'll teach you all our foolishness.
-
And you must teach me yours.
-
We burn British cloth!
We burn British cloth!
-
Long live Gandhiji!
Long live Gandhiji!
-
British rule must go!
British rule must go!
-
I'll stuff it down your damn throat!
-
Help us!
-
Leave us alone!
We're not harming you.
-
Go on your way. On your way!
-
Come back!
-
Help us! Help us!
-
Help! Help!
-
That's one bit of news
they haven't censored.
-
Now it's all over the world.
-
India’s "nonviolence."
-
What can we do?
-
We must end the campaign.
-
After what they did at the massacre?
It's only an eye for an eye.
-
An eye for an eye only ends up
making the whole world blind.
-
Do you know the sacrifices
people have made?
-
We'd never get the same
commitment again, ever.
-
The whole of India is on the move!
-
Yes, but in what direction?
-
If we obtain our freedom by murder
and bloodshed, I want no part of it.
-
Bapu, you are the father of the nation.
-
Today, I see no ground in that
for anything but shame.
-
This was one incident.
-
Tell that to the families of
the policemen who died.
-
Bapu, the whole nation is marching.
-
They wouldn't stop,
even if we asked them to.
-
I will ask.
-
And I will fast as a penance
for my part in arousing such emotions.
-
And I will not stop until they stop.
-
But....
-
God! You can be sure
the British won't censor that.
-
They'll put it on every street corner.
-
Gandhiji, people are aroused.
-
They won't stop!
-
If I die, perhaps they will stop.
-
I must get ready for morning prayers.
-
Mirabehn is here.
-
I've brought your drinking water.
-
There's a little lemon juice in it.
That's all.
-
Herman has gone
to meet Pandit Nehru.
-
There was a telegram.
-
Almost everywhere, it has stopped.
-
When it is everywhere...
-
...then my prayers will be answered.
-
Do you find me stubborn?
-
I don't know.
-
I know that you are right.
-
I don't know that this is right.
-
May I turn you?
-
When I despair...
-
...I remember that
all through history...
-
...the way of truth and love
has always won.
-
There have been tyrants
and murderers...
-
...and, for a time,
they can seem invincible.
-
But in the end, they always fall.
-
Think of it.
-
Always.
-
Whenever you are in doubt
that that is God's way...
-
...the way the world is meant to be...
-
...think of that...
-
...and then try to do it his way.
-
And now, could I have
another feast of lemon juice?
-
Panditji!
-
Jinnah...
-
...Patel...
-
...all of congress has called
for the end of noncooperation.
-
There's not been one demonstration.
-
All over India, people are praying
that you will end the fast.
-
They're walking in the streets...
-
...offering garlands to the police...
-
...and British soldiers.
-
Perhaps I have overdone it.
-
-Good morning, Bapu.
-Good morning.
-
Don't let him go.
If he bumps me, I'm done for.
-
Don't worry, I won't let him go.
-
I'm sorry, Mr. Gandhi, sir...
-
...but you're under arrest.
-
On what charge?
-
Sedition.
-
You can't be serious.
-
This man has just stopped
a revolution.
-
That's as may be.
-
I only know what
I am charged to perform.
-
I don't believe it!
-
Even the British can't be that stupid.
-
Help me, please.
-
Mira, you must look after Ba.
-
If there is one protest, one riot,
a disgrace of any kind...
-
...I will fast again.
-
Herman.
-
I have been on many trips.
-
Monda.
-
This is just another trip.
-
I am at your command.
-
I know we are not ready
for my kind of independence.
-
If I'm sent to jail,
perhaps that is the best protest...
-
...our country can make at this time.
-
And if it helps India, I've never
refused His Majesty's hospitality.
-
Call the prisoner to the bar.
-
"Noncooperation has one aim:
-
The overthrow of the government.
-
Sedition must become our creed.
-
We must give no quarter...
-
...nor can we expect any."
-
-Do you deny writing it?
-Not at all.
-
And I will save the court's time...
-
...my lord, by stating
under oath that, to this day...
-
...I believe noncooperation
with evil is a duty...
-
...and that British rule
of India is evil.
-
The prosecution rests, my lord.
-
I presume you are conducting
your own defense, Mr. Gandhi.
-
I have no defense, my lord.
I am guilty as charged.
-
And if you truly believe
in your system of law...
-
...you must inflict on me
the severest penalty possible.
-
It is impossible for me to ignore
that you're in a different category...
-
...from any person
I have ever tried...
-
...or am likely to try.
-
Nevertheless, it is my duty
to sentence you...
-
...to six years' imprisonment.
-
If, however, His Majesty's government
should, at some later date...
-
...see fit to reduce the term...
-
...no one will be
better pleased than I.
-
Yes, I'm sure that's exactly
what they hoped.
-
Put him in prison a few years.
With luck, he'd be forgotten.
-
Maybe they could even subdue him.
-
Well, he certainly wasn't forgotten.
-
As soon as he got out, he was back
tramping the countryside...
-
...preaching nonviolence
and demanding a free India.
-
Everyone knows
another showdown's coming.
-
How does an American journalist
in Central America...
-
...learn that Gandhi was born
in Porbandar anyway?
-
I've been aware of him
for a long time.
-
He certainly makes good copy.
-
The other day, Winston Churchill
called him a half-naked Indian fakir.
-
The other day, Winston Churchill
called him a half-naked Indian fakir.
-
I met him once.
-
-What, you mean Gandhi?
-Yeah.
-
South Africa, a long time ago.
-
I wonder if he'll recognize me.
-
What was he like?
-
He had a full head of hair then.
-
We were like college students,
trying to figure everything out.
-
Well, he must have found
some of the answers.
-
In every worthy wish of yours,
I shall be your helpmate.
-
Helpmate.
-
Take the fourth step,
that we may be ever full of joy.
-
I will ever live devoted to you...
-
...speaking words of love
and praying for your happiness.
-
Take the fifth step...
-
Take the fifth step...
-
...the walking around a fire...
-
...that we may serve the people.
-
I will follow close behind you...
-
...and help to serve the people.
-
Take the sixth step...
-
...that we may follow
our vows in life.
-
I will follow you
in all our vows and duties.
-
Take the seventh step...
-
...that we may ever
live as friends.
-
You are my best friend...
-
...my highest guru...
-
...and my sovereign lord.
-
And then I put a sweetened
wheat cake in her mouth.
-
And I put a sweetened
wheat cake in his mouth.
-
And then I put a sweetened
wheat cake in her mouth.
-
And with that, we were pronounced...
-
...man and wife.
-
We were both 13.
-
It's beautiful.
-
Even as a boy...
-
...I thought so.
-
Thank you.
-
Trying to keep up with you
is like chasing a jackrabbit.
-
You've come because you think
something is going to happen.
-
-Is it?
-Perhaps.
-
I've come here to think about it.
-
Do you remember much
of South Africa?
-
Oh, yes. A great deal.
-
I've traveled so far...
-
...and thought so much.
-
As you can see,
my city is a sea city.
-
Always full of Hindus...
-
...Muslims...
-
...Sikhs, Jews, Persians.
-
My family's sect was the Pranami.
-
Hindu, of course.
-
But in our temple,
the priest used to read...
-
...from the Muslim Koran...
-
...and the Hindu Gita,
moving from one to the other...
-
...as if it mattered not
which book was read...
-
...as long as God was worshiped.
-
When I was a boy...
-
...I used to sing a song
in the temple.
-
A true disciple
Knows another's woes
-
As his own
-
He bows to all...
-
...and despises none.
-
Like all other boys...
-
...I sang the words...
-
...not thinking what they meant
or how they might influence me.
-
I've traveled so far.
-
And all I've done is come back...
-
...home.
-
Wait a minute.
-
-You know what you're gonna do?
-It would have been uncivil of me...
-
...to let you make
such a long trip for nothing.
-
-Where are you going?
-Come.
-
-Where are we going?
-Back to the ashram.
-
Then to prove to the new viceroy...
-
...that the king's writ
no longer runs in India.
-
Salt?
-
Yes, sir. He's going to march
to the sea and make salt.
-
There's a royal monopoly
on the manufacture of salt.
-
There's a royal monopoly
on the manufacture of salt.
-
It's illegal to make it or sell it
without a government license.
-
All right, he's breaking the law.
-
What will that deprive us of?
Two rupees of salt tax?
-
It's not a serious attack on the revenue.
Its primary importance is symbolic.
-
-Don't patronize me, Charles.
-No, sir, I....
-
In this climate, nothing lives
without water or salt.
-
Our absolute control of it is
a control on the pulse of India.
-
And that's the basis of
this declaration of independence?
-
The day he sets off...
-
...everyone is supposed to
raise the flag of "Free India."
-
And then he walks some 240 miles
to the sea and makes salt.
-
I say ignore it.
-
Let them raise their damned flags.
-
Let him make his salt.
-
It's only symbolic
if we choose to make it so.
-
He'll arrive at the sea...
-
...on the anniversary
of the Massacre of Amritsar.
-
General Edgar is right. Ignore it.
-
Mr. Gandhi will find
it takes a great deal more...
-
...than a pinch of salt
to bring down the British Empire.
-
You've done me a great service.
-
Not at all, sir.
-
It would be uncivil for us to let you
make such a long trip for nothing.
-
We'll go.
-
Long live Gandhiji!
Long live Gandhiji!
-
Is it over if they arrest you now?
-
Not if they arrest me...
-
...or 1000 or 10,000.
-
It's not only generals
who know how to plan campaigns.
-
What if they don't arrest you?
What if they don't react at all?
-
Something for your notebook:
-
The function of a civil resister
is to provoke response.
-
And we will continue to provoke...
-
...until they respond
or they change the law.
-
They are not in control.
We are.
-
That is the strength
of civil resistance.
-
Vince!
-
-What did he say?
-He said he's in control.
-
Do you intend to walk all the way?
-
It's the only way
I can get the story.
-
Besides, my name is Walker.
-
"My name is Walker."
-
-My dear Mrs. Nehru!
-Bapu.
-
Man needs salt...
-
...as he needs air and water.
-
This salt comes
from the Indian Ocean.
-
Let every Indian claim it
as his right.
-
And so, once more,
the man of nonviolence...
-
...has challenged the might
of the British Empire.
-
They're making it everywhere, sir.
Mobs of them.
-
Publicly.
-
Congress leaders are selling it
on the streets of Delhi.
-
We're being made fools of, sir,
around the world.
-
Isn't there any instruction
from London?
-
We're required to stop it.
And stop it we will!
-
I don't care if we fill the jails.
Stop it!
-
Arrest anyone, any rank,
except Gandhi.
-
We'll cut the strength
from under him.
-
And then we'll deal with the Mahatma.
-
Jump to it! Clear this beach!
-
Don't hit back! No violence!
-
There must be 100,000 under arrest.
And it still goes on.
-
-Who's leading them?
-I don't know. Nehru, Patel...
-
...most congress officials are in jail.
And their wives and children.
-
We've even arrested Nehru's mother.
-
Has there been any violence?
-
In Peshawar,
the deputy police commissioner...
-
...lost his head and opened fire
with a machine gun.
-
But he's facing disciplinary court.
-
You can't expect things
like that not to happen.
-
The question was intended to discover
if there was any violence on their side.
-
No, sir.
-
I'm afraid not.
-
Perhaps if we arrested Gandhi,
it might....
-
He's addressed this letter
directly to you, has he?
-
Yes, sir, he has.
-
The usual thing:
-
"India’s salt belongs to India."
-
Then he says flatly...
-
...that he will lead a raid tomorrow
on the Dharasana Salt Works.
-
Thank him for his letter...
-
...and put him in jail.
-
Yes, sir.
-
Yes, sir. It'll be my pleasure.
-
-And Fields?
-Sir?
-
Keep that salt works open.
-
Yes, sir.
-
I'm sorry, sir.
-
My orders are to allow regular staff
only through these gates.
-
Very well.
-
--in his name.
-
And for his sake,
we will not raise a hand.
-
Long live Mahatma Gandhi!
-
Long live Gandhiji!
-
We are ready!
-
I want firmness and discipline.
-
-All right, take up your positions.
-Yes, sir.
-
To your mark. Forward!
-
Last night at midnight...
-
...they took Gandhiji from us.
-
They expect us to lose heart...
-
...or to fight back.
-
We will do neither!
-
On your guard!
-
No, sir. The gate is closed!
-
"They walked...
-
...both Hindu and Muslim alike...
-
...with heads held high...
-
...without any hope of escape...
-
...from injury or death.
-
It went on and on into the night."
-
Stop.
-
"Women carried the wounded
and broken bodies from the road...
-
...until they dropped
from exhaustion."
-
Stop. "But still, it went on and on."
Stop.
-
"Whatever moral ascendancy
the West held...
-
...was lost here today.
-
India is free...
-
...for she has taken all
that steel and cruelty can give...
-
...and she has neither
cringed nor retreated." Stop.
-
I am aware that I must have given
you much cause for irritation...
-
...Your Excellency.
-
I hope it will not stand
between us as men.
-
Mr. Gandhi...
-
...I am instructed to request
your attendance...
-
...at an all-government
conference in London...
-
...to discuss the possible
independence...
-
...of India.
-
Only recently released from prison...
-
...Mahatma Gandhi leaves Bombay
on the SS Rajputana...
-
...to attend the conference
on Indian independence...
-
...called by Prime Minister
Ramsay MacDonald.
-
Mr. Gandhi, the sole
Indian Congress Party delegate...
-
...is staying at Kingsley Hall
in London's East End...
-
...for the duration of the talks.
-
He's seen here
amongst local cockneys...
-
...who have taken him
to their hearts.
-
Besides attending the conference...
-
...he has found time to meet
political and religious leaders...
-
...like Mr. Lloyd George...
-
...the Archbishop of Canterbury,
George Bernard Shaw...
-
...and Charlie Chaplin.
-
He journeyed last week
from Kingsley Hall...
-
...to accept an invitation to tea
from King George and Queen Mary...
-
...at Buckingham Palace
before attending the conference.
-
And I would emphasize
that I think our first duty...
-
...is to recognize
that there is not one India...
-
...but several.
-
A Hindu India...
-
...a Muslim India...
-
...and an India of princely states.
-
And all these must be respected...
-
...and cared for.
-
Not just one.
-
Mr. Gandhi,
who has been attending...
-
...the London Round Table
Conference on Indian Independence...
-
...the London Round Table
Conference on Indian Independence...
-
...journeyed north
to visit a cotton mill.
-
Although not dressed
for the Lancashire climate...
-
...Mr. Gandhi received
a warm welcome from mill workers...
-
...before heading back south...
-
...for a final meeting
with Mr. MacDonald.
-
The prime minister said the talks
were both constructive and frank.
-
So farewell, Mr. Gandhi.
-
And bon voyage!
-
So the truth is,
after all your travels...
-
...after all your efforts...
-
...they've stopped the campaign
and sent you back empty-handed.
-
They're only clinging
to old dreams...
-
...and trying to split us
in the old way.
-
But the will has gone.
-
Independence will fall
like a ripe apple.
-
The only question is, when and how.
-
Well, I say, when is now!
-
And we will determine how.
-
Precisely.
-
Bapu, she is limping again.
-
It's only a sprain.
-
Take her to the river.
We'll make a mud pack for her.
-
Go. I won't be a moment.
-
They are preparing for war.
-
I will not support it.
-
But I do not intend to take
advantage of their danger.
-
That's when you take advantage.
-
That is just another way
of hitting back.
-
We've come a long way together
with the British.
-
When they leave, we want to
see them off as friends.
-
Now, if you'll excuse me,
there is something I must attend to.
-
Mud packs.
-
Mr. Gandhi, sir.
-
I've been instructed to inquire as to
the subject of your speech tonight.
-
The value of goat's milk
in daily diet.
-
But you can be sure that
I will also speak against war.
-
Sorry, that can't be permitted.
-
Corporal!
-
It's all right, Mrs. Gandhi.
-
I have orders to return with you
and your companion to the ashram.
-
If you take my husband,
I intend to speak in his place.
-
Hold it a second, will you?
-
It was the Aga Khan's palace
before they turned it into a prison.
-
They're holding Gandhi
and congress politicians there.
-
Pandit Nehru and the others
are up at Ahmednagar Fort.
-
Not bad for a prison, eh?
-
I guess no place is good
if you're locked in.
-
Your timing's pretty lucky.
-
They had him cut off from the press.
-
But his personal secretary died,
so they let up on restrictions.
-
But his personal secretary died,
so they let up on restrictions.
-
Yes, I have heard of LIFE magazine.
-
I've even heard of
Margaret Bourke-White.
-
But I don't know why either
should be interested in an old man...
-
...sitting alone in prison...
-
...while the rest of the world
is blowing itself to pieces.
-
Well, you're the only man I know
who makes his own clothes.
-
But for me, that's not
much of an accomplishment.
-
No, prison is rather agreeable to me.
-
And there is no doubt that
after the war...
-
...independence will come.
-
My only worry...
-
...is what shape it will take.
-
-Jinnah has--
-Stop!
-
I'm sorry, but--
Could you come forward, please?
-
-Come, come.
-Just up to the railing.
-
Thank you very much.
-
Thank you.
-
Now, sorry.
-
Go on. "What shape it will take...."
-
Jinnah has what?
-
Jinnah has cooperated
with the British.
-
It has given him power
and the freedom to speak.
-
And he's filled
the Muslims with fears...
-
...of what will happen to them...
-
...in a country that
is predominantly Hindu.
-
And that I find hard to bear...
-
...even in prison.
-
Mr. Gandhi?
-
It's hard for me to see this as a solution
to the 20th century's problems.
-
I have friends who keep telling me...
-
...how much it costs them
to keep me in poverty.
-
But I know happiness
does not come with things...
-
...even 20th-century things.
-
It can come from work
and pride in what you do.
-
India lives in her villages...
-
...and the terrible poverty there
can only be removed...
-
...if their local skills
can be revived.
-
Poverty is the worst form
of violence.
-
And a constructive program
is the only...
-
...nonviolent solution
to India’s agony.
-
It will not necessarily be
progress for India...
-
...if she simply imports
the unhappiness of the West.
-
Do you really believe you could
use nonviolence against Hitler?
-
Not without defeats and great pain.
-
But are there no defeats in this war?
-
No pain?
-
What you cannot do...
-
...is accept injustice
from Hitler or anyone.
-
You must make the injustice visible.
-
Be prepared to die
like a soldier to do so.
-
Is this what I'm meant to
end up with here?
-
No.
-
That's what you get
for distracting me.
-
What do you expect
when you talk like that?
-
I expect you to show
as much patience as I am now.
-
Turn slowly and pull it gently.
-
And that includes the life of women.
-
Bapu has always said...
-
...there were two kinds
of slavery in India:
-
One for women,
one for the untouchables.
-
And he has always
fought against both.
-
Does it rankle,
being separated in this way?
-
In Hindu philosophy...
-
...the way to God...
-
...is to free yourself
of possessions...
-
...and of passions.
-
Bapu has always struggled
to find the way to God.
-
Do you mean that
he gave up married life?
-
Four times he tried...
-
Four times he tried...
-
...and failed.
-
But then he took a solemn vow.
-
And he's never broken it?
-
Not yet.
-
-I've got permission to move her.
-I'm very sorry, sir.
-
She's had a massive thrombosis.
It's a serious heart attack.
-
She'll never survive the trip.
-
It's better if we just
keep her here and hope.
-
It's time for my walk.
-
I won't be long.
-
I won't be long.
-
Guard...
-
...present arms!
-
We have come to crown victory
with friendship.
-
To assist at the birth of
an independent India...
-
...and to welcome her
as an equal member...
-
...in the British Commonwealth
of Nations.
-
...in the British Commonwealth
of Nations.
-
I am here to see that I am
the last British viceroy...
-
...ever to have the honor
of such a reception.
-
I am not concerned about
the independence of India.
-
I'm concerned about
the slavery of Muslims.
-
Please, Mr. Jinnah.
-
I won't watch the mastery
of the British...
-
...replaced by
the mastery of the Hindus.
-
Muslim and Hindu are the right
and left eye of India.
-
No one will be master, no one slave.
-
The world is not made of
Mahatma Gandhis.
-
I'm talking about the real world.
-
-How the--
-The real India has...
-
...Muslims and Hindus
in every village and every city.
-
How will you separate them?
-
Where there is a Muslim majority...
-
...that will be Pakistan.
-
The rest is your India.
-
My dear Jinnah...
-
...the Muslims are in a majority
on two different sides of the country.
-
...the Muslims are in a majority
on two different sides of the country.
-
Let us worry about Pakistan.
You worry about India.
-
Gentlemen...
-
...I think perhaps
we should recommence.
-
Death to Jinnah!
Death to Jinnah!
-
Thank God, they've stopped.
-
Manu. Abha.
-
I'm your granduncle...
-
I'm your granduncle...
-
...but I can still walk
either of you into the ground.
-
I don't need to be pampered
in this way.
-
Finish your quota of spinning.
-
Bapu. Bapu.
-
Bapu, please don't do it.
-
What do you want me not to do?
-
Not to meet with Mr. Jinnah?
-
I am a Muslim...
-
...and a Hindu...
-
...and a Christian and a Jew.
-
And so are all of you.
-
When you wave those flags
and shout...
-
...you send fear into the hearts
of your brothers.
-
That is not the India I want.
-
Stop it!
-
For God's sake, stop it.
-
If you've finished your prayers...
-
...perhaps we could begin
our business.
-
My dear Jinnah...
-
...you and I are brothers...
-
...you and I are brothers...
-
...born of the same mother India.
If you have fears...
-
...I want to put them at rest.
-
Begging the understanding
of my friends...
-
...I am asking Panditji
to stand down.
-
I want you to be
the first prime minister of India...
-
...to name your entire cabinet...
-
...to make the head of every
government department a Muslim.
-
Bapu.
-
For me and the rest...
-
...if that is what you want...
-
...we will accept it.
-
But out there...
-
...already there is rioting...
-
...because Hindus fear you are
going to give too much away.
-
If you did this...
-
...no one would control it.
-
No one.
-
It is your choice.
-
Do you want an independent India
and an independent Pakistan...
-
...or do you want civil war?
-
Jinnah! Jinnah! Jinnah!
-
What you did in Noakhali, Bapu,
was a miracle.
-
Miracle.
-
But millions are on the move...
-
...and no one can count the dead.
-
In Calcutta, it's like civil war.
-
The Muslims rose
and there was a bloodbath.
-
Now the Hindus are taking revenge.
-
If we can't stop it...
-
...there'll be no hope
for the Hindus left in Pakistan.
-
An eye for an eye,
making the whole world blind.
-
Aren't there any troops to spare?
-
Nothing.
-
Nothing.
-
The divisions in Bombay and Delhi
can hardly keep the peace now.
-
And each fresh bit of news creates
another wave of madness.
-
We could cut all news off.
-
Bapu, please, where are you going?
-
I don't want to hear more.
-
We need your help.
-
There is nothing I can give.
-
Where are you going?
-
Calcutta.
-
If I had shunned death or feared it,
I would not be here now...
-
...nor would you be concerned for me.
-
But, sir, please.
-
I don't have the men to protect you...
-
...not in a Muslim house,
not this quarter.
-
I'm staying with the friend
of a friend and--
-
Death to Muslims!
Death to Muslims!
-
Why are you staying
at the home of a Muslim?
-
They are murderers!
-
They killed my family!
-
Get out of Calcutta, Gandhi!
-
Death to Muslims!
Death to Muslims!
-
Prime Minister.
-
Why must I read news
like this in the paper?
-
Inform Sardar Patel.
Arrange a plane.
-
We will go Friday.
-
Four days, sir?
-
Bapu.
-
Sardar, you have gained weight.
-
You must join me in the fast.
-
If I fast, I die.
-
If you fast, people go to
all sorts of trouble...
-
...to keep you alive.
-
Bapu, forgive me, I've cheated.
-
I could have come earlier...
-
...but your fast has helped.
-
These last days, people's minds
have begun to turn to this bed...
-
...and away from the atrocities.
-
But now...
-
...it is enough.
-
All that has happened is that
I've grown a little thinner.
-
Tomorrow, 5000 Muslim students...
-
...of all ages...
-
...are marching here,
in Calcutta, for peace.
-
And 5000 Hindu students
are marching with them.
-
I'm glad.
-
But it will not be enough.
-
Bapu, you are not so young anymore.
-
Don't worry for me.
-
I cannot watch the destruction
of all that I've lived for.
-
Death to Gandhi!
-
Who dares say such things?!
-
Who?!
-
You kill me first!
-
Come!
-
Where are you?!
-
Kill me first!
-
Where are you?
-
His pulse is very irregular.
The kidneys aren't functioning.
-
Bapu?
-
I have brought Mr. Suhrawardy.
-
It was he who called
on the Muslims to rise.
-
He is now telling them...
-
...to go back to their homes...
-
...to lay down their arms.
-
Think what you can do by living...
-
...that you cannot do by dying.
-
What do you want?
-
That the fighting will stop.
-
That you make me believe...
-
...that it will never start again.
-
Sometimes...
-
...it is when you are
quite without hope...
-
...and in utter darkness...
-
...that God comes to the rescue.
-
Gandhiji...
-
...is dying...
-
...because of our madness.
-
Put away your revenge.
-
What good will come of more killing?
-
Have the courage to do...
-
...what you know is right.
-
For God's sake...
-
...let us embrace like brothers.
-
It's our promise.
-
We stop.
-
Hindu swords.
-
It's a promise.
-
Go.
-
God be with you.
-
Here, eat!
-
Eat!
-
I'm going to hell...
-
...but not with your death on my soul.
-
Only God decides who goes to hell.
-
I killed a child.
-
I smashed his head against a wall.
-
Why?
-
They killed my son.
-
My boy.
-
The Muslims killed my son!
-
I know a way out of hell.
-
Find a child.
-
A child whose mother and father
have been killed.
-
A little boy about this high...
-
...and raise him as your own.
-
Only be sure that he is a Muslim...
-
...and that you raise him as one.
-
Go.
-
Go.
-
God bless you.
-
Bapu?
-
Bapu?
-
There's been no fighting...
-
...anywhere.
-
It's stopped.
-
The madness has stopped.
-
It's foolish...
-
...if it's just to save
the life of an old man.
-
No. In every temple and mosque...
-
...they have pledged to die...
-
...before they lift a hand
against each other.
-
It is true, Bapu.
-
Everywhere.
-
Maulana, my friend...
-
...could I have some orange juice?
-
Then you and I...
-
...will take a piece
of bread together.
-
He will be saying prayers
in the garden.
-
That is how you eat muli.
-
I'm not sure that I want
to be remembered that way.
-
I'm not sure that I want
to be remembered that way.
-
Don't worry.
With luck, you may not be.
-
No, he will be remembered
for tempting fate.
-
Mickey Mouse!
-
You're really going to Pakistan?
-
You are a stubborn man.
-
I'm simply going to prove...
-
...to Hindus here and Muslims there...
-
...that the only devils
in the world are those...
-
...running around in our own hearts.
-
And that is where all our battles
ought to be fought.
-
Bapu.
-
So, what kind of warrior have you
been in that warfare?
-
Not a very good one.
-
That's why I have
so much tolerance...
-
...for the other scoundrels
of the world.
-
Sardar?
-
Ask Panditji to consider
what we've discussed.
-
-Enough!
-One more.
-
-Enough!
-One more.
-
-You're a temptress!
-Just an admirer.
-
Nothing's more dangerous...
-
...especially for an old man.
-
There's a sadness about him.
-
He thinks he's failed.
-
Why?
-
If anything's proven him right,
it's these last months.
-
I may be blinded by my love for him...
-
...but I believe...
-
...when we most needed it...
-
...he offered the world
a way out of madness.
-
But he doesn't see it.
-
Neither does the world.
-
Brother, Bapu is already
late for prayers.
-
Oh, God!
-
Oh, God.
-
When I despair...
-
...I remember...
-
...that all through history...
-
...the way of truth and love
has always won.
-
There have been tyrants
and murderers...
-
...and for a time,
they can seem invincible...
-
...but in the end, they always fall.
-
Think of it.
