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>[NARRATOR] CPR: Child/Infant
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When normal breathing and heart function
have stopped, CPR can give a life back.
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This section covers CPR skills for children
ages one to the onset of puberty.
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>[RESCUER counts compressions]
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>[NARRATOR] At the end of the segment,
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there will be a demonstration
of CPR for an infant.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4…
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>NARRATOR] You will watch
as skills are demonstrated
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and then have a chance to
practice along with the video.
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During those practices, your instructor
may give you individualized coaching
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to help you achieve the best
results during practice.
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>[RESCUER] 7, 8…
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>[NARRATOR] Please note that although
barrier devices like gloves and face masks
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are always recommended,
you won't see them here.
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Not only is it easier for you
to practice without them,
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but it's also fine to give CPR
in an emergency without them
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as the risk of infection is very, very low.
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Let's get started.
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If you are not already seated
next to a mannequin,
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sit down and get ready to learn
skills that could save a life.
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Watch as this basic skill is demonstrated.
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You will practice it in a minute.
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The key reason for CPR is to
circulate oxygen to the brain.
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It is essential to get the speed
and force of the pumping right.
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To pump, our rescuer kneels
next to the mannequin
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and places the heel of her hand
in the center of the chest.
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Depending on the size of the child
and the size of the rescuer,
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she will use one hand
(or two interlocked together)
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to get the proper chest compression
depth while pumping.
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She moves her shoulders directly
over her hand with her arm straight.
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A child's chest should compress
about 1/3 the depth of the chest
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or about two inches.
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The rate of pumping is fast.
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It's equivalent to 100 to 120
compressions per minute.
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Let's listen to that rhythm.
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[a device ticks at the speed of
100-120 compressions per minute]
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A full cycle of pumping
is down and up 30 times.
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It helps to count out loud.
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Let's see a cycle.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
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21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.
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>[NARRATOR] Now get ready to
practice pumping along with the video.
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Kneel next to the mannequin with
your knees against the side of the chest.
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To pump, you'll use the heel of your hand.
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Place it on the center of the chest.
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Be careful not to press on
the tip of the breastbone.
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Move your shoulder over your
hand with your arm straight.
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Now, push down firmly
with the heel of your hand.
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Remember, a child's chest should be
compressed 1/3 the depth of the chest,
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which is about two inches.
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Avoid excessive compression depth.
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Let the chest come all the way back up
by removing your weight from the chest.
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Your hand should remain in contact
with the breastbone at all times.
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Avoid leaning on the chest
between compressions.
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Pumping should move
down and up smoothly.
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Don't jab.
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Get ready to do a 30-pump cycle
in time with the on-screen rescuer.
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You should count out loud too.
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Ready? Pump.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13…
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>[NARRATOR] Don't be afraid
to push hard and fast.
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>[RESCUER] …17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.
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>[NARRATOR] Sit back.
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Remember, pumping is fast and forceful,
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and when your shoulders are
over the heel of your hand,
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you won't tire as quickly.
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You will get additional opportunities
to practice pumping in this program.
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Rescue breathing is
included for effective CPR.
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Relax and watch as our rescuer
demonstrates rescue breathing.
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You'll practice it afterwards.
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First, she needs to open the airway
(tilt the head and lift the chin).
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Then she pinches the nose and places
her mouth around the child's mouth,
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creating a seal.
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She gives one breath,
lasting about a second.
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She watches from the corner of her eye to
confirm that the chest rises as air goes in.
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She releases the seal on the mouth
and lets the air flow out,
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then quickly seals it again
and gives another breath.
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This is done faster than you might imagine.
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Watch the demonstration again in real time.
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Now get ready to practice breathing.
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Kneel next to the mannequin’s head.
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Put the palm of one hand
on the mannequin’s forehead.
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With the fingers of the other hand,
lift the chin and tilt the head back.
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This opens the throat to allow
air to get into the lungs.
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Use the hand on top of
the head to pinch the nose.
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Open your mouth wide and cover the
mannequin’s mouth completely with yours,
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pressing firmly to make a tight seal.
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Take a normal breath and
blow air into the mouth.
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It's a quick breath of air with sufficient
volume to make the chest rise.
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Remove your mouth from the mannequin.
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Take another breath yourself.
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Now breathe into the mouth again.
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Take your hands off
the mannequin and sit back.
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This time, let's do it at the
recommended pace for CPR.
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Tilt the head and lift the chin.
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Pinch the nose.
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Give breath…
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give breath…
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Remove your hands from
the mannequin and sit back.
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If you hear a hissing sound when you blow,
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air is leaking out from
the nose or the mouth.
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Be certain the nose is pinched firmly,
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the chin is lifted, and there is
a good seal around the mouth.
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If you don't see the chest
rise during a breath,
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tilt the head and try again.
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If it still isn't rising,
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you'll need to check the airway
and remove any object you see.
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You've got the basics of CPR.
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Now, let's put them together:
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pumping the chest and rescue breathing.
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Kneel next to your mannequin
and get ready to practice.
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Position your hand on
the center of the chest.
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Move your shoulder over your
hand with your arm straight.
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Ready? Pump.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14…
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Keep your shoulder in
position over the chest
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and push down hard with your arm straight.
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>[RESCUER] …21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.
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>[NARRATOR]
Tilt head, lift chin, pinch nose.
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Make a seal over the
child's mouth with yours.
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and breath one…
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breathe two…
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Pump.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8…
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>[NARRATOR] Press down smoothly. Don't jab.
Let the chest come all the way back up.
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<[RESCUER] …16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.
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>[NARRATOR] Tilt, lift, pinch.
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Breathe one…
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breath two...
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Okay.
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Sit back and relax.
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On a real child, you would keep doing
CPR until the person wakes up [or]
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an AED arrives and is ready to use
or emergency personnel take over.
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Now that you know the essentials of CPR,
let's talk about when to do it.
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Watch while our rescuer
demonstrates the steps to take
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before pumping and breathing.
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If she finds a child
who looks unconscious,
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she must decide if CPR is needed.
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First, she checks for responsiveness.
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She taps and shouts.
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>[RESCUER] Hey! Are you okay?
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>[NARRATOR] At the same time,
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she is also noting whether the
child is breathing or only gasping.
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A child with abnormal or
absent breathing needs CPR.
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If there's no response and no breathing,
she moves to the next step.
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Call for help. This is essential.
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If possible, our rescuer will
direct someone else on the scene
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to call 9-1-1 and get an AED unit.
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She picks a specific person
and gives explicit instructions.
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>[RESCUER]
Drew! Call 9-1-1 and get the AED!
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>[NARRATOR] no one is available to
make the call and the victim is a child,
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do five cycles of CPR before
pausing to make the call yourself.
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For the purposes of this video,
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we will only practice directing
someone else to make the call.
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If an AED is available and ready to go,
she will use it right away.
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If not, she starts CPR.
Chest compressions are first.
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She opens the child shirt and
positions her hand to pump.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4…
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She continues CPR:
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until the person wakes up [or]
an AED is available and ready to use
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or help arrives to take over.
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>[RESCUER] …15, 16, 17…
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For now, let's practice
the steps for when to do CPR.
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Put a shirt or a jacket on the mannequin
so you can practice exposing the chest.
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If you don't have one, just pretend
to remove clothing from the chest.
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Sit next to your mannequin.
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If you find a child who looks unconscious,
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you need to find out
if they're unresponsive.
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They could just be asleep.
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Tap the child on the shoulder
and shout, “Are you okay?”
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>[RESCUER] Hey! Are you okay?
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>[NARRATOR] At the same time,
note if they are breathing or only gasping.
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If the child does not respond
and is not breathing,
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direct someone to call 9-1-1
or the local emergency number
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to get help on the way.
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>[RESCUER]
Drew! Call 9-1-1 and get the AED!
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>[NARRATOR] Quickly get back to the child.
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If an AED is available and
ready to use, then use it.
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If it's not, start CPR.
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Expose the chest so you can
see where to place your hand.
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Make sure your knees are
against the side of the chest.
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Place the heel of your hand
on the center of the chest
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in contact with the breastbone.
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Before we add pumping,
let's practice this again in real time.
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Sit back.
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Now, start the assessment.
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>[RESCUER] Hey! are you okay?
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>[NARRATOR] Have someone
call 9-1-1 and get an AED.
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>[RESCUER]
Drew! Call 9-1-1 and get the AED!
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>[NARRATOR] Open the shirt
and position your hand to pump.
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Okay, in the next section,
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we'll put this together
with pumping and breathing.
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You're ready.
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You've practiced all the skills.
Now we'll put them together.
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Let's do CPR.
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Sit next to your mannequin.
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When you see a child who looks
unconscious, assess the child.
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>[RESCUER] Hey! Are you okay?
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>[NARRATOR] At the same time,
note if they are breathing or only gasping.
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Direct someone to call 9-1-1.
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>[RESCUER]
Drew! Call 9-1-1 and get the AED!
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>[NARRATOR] Expose the chest.
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With your knees against the chest,
place your hand in position.
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Get ready. Pump.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…
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>[NARRATOR] Each pump should
depress the chest about two inches ,
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then let it rise all the way back up
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but keep your hand in
contact with the chest.
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>[RESCUER] …20, 21, 22, 23…
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>[NARRATOR] Get ready to breathe.
Each breath lasts one second.
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>[RESCUER] …28, 29, 30.
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>[NARRATOR] Give breaths.
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One…
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Two…
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Arm straight. Pump.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
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21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.
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>[NARRATOR] Give breaths.
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One…
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Two…
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Ready? Pump.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
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21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.
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>[NARRATOR] Breathe one…
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breathe two…
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Position and pump.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11…
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>[NARRATOR]
Keep up the pace. Count out loud.
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>[RESCUER] 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.
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>[NARRATOR] Breathe.
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Pump.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
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21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.
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>[NARRATOR] And breathe.
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Sit back.
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That was five cycles of pumping
and breathing. Good work.
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When two or more rescuers are available,
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alternating rescuers prevents a decrease
in quality of compressions
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caused by rescuer fatigue.
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After five cycles,
you may switch who is doing CPR.
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>[RESCUER] 1, 2, 3, 4…
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>[NARRATOR] When doing CPR on
an infant under the age of one,
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there are a couple of key differences
in how the skills are performed.
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Watch as our rescuer
demonstrates CPR for infants.
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When she assesses the infant,
instead of tapping and shouting,
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she stimulates the infant's foot
to check for response.
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The response can be any vocal sound
like crying or cooing or a body movement.
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At the same time, she assesses
whether the infant is breathing.
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Once she determines that CPR is necessary,
she exposes the chest,
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and instead of using the heel of her hand,
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she positions two fingers
just below the nipple line.
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She pumps at the same rate as for children,
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but the depth is different.
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The compression is 1/3
the depth of the chest
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or about 1.5 inches.
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>[RESCUER counting]
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>[NARRATOR] After a cycle of compressions,
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she tilts the head back and covers the mouth
and nose completely with her own mouth
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and gives two breaths,
each lasting about 1 second.
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The volume of air is enough
to make the chest rise.
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If you are alone with an infant
or a child who needs CPR,
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complete five cycles of pumping
and breathing before calling for help.
