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The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it

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    It was my first year as
    an atmospheric science professor
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    at Texas Tech University.
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    We had just moves to Lubbock, Texas,
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    which had recently been named
    the second most conservative city
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    in the entire United States.
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    A colleague asked me to guest teach
    his undergraduate geology class,
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    I said, "Sure."
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    But when I showed up,
    the lecture hall was cavernous and dark.
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    As I tracked the history
    of the carbon cycle
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    through geologic time to present day,
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    most of the students
    were slumped over, dozing
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    or looking at their phones.
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    I ended my talk with a hopeful request
    for any questions.
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    And one hand shot up right away.
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    I looked encouraging, he stood up,
    and in a loud voice, he said,
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    "You're a democrat, aren't you?"
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    (Laughter)
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    "No," I said, "I'm Canadian."
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    (Laughter)
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    (Applause)
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    That was my baptism by fire
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    into what has now become a sad
    fact of life here in the United States,
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    and increasingly across Canada, as well.
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    The fact that the number one predictor
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    of whether we agree
    that climate is changing,
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    humans are responsible,
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    and the impacts are increasingly
    serious and even dangerous,
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    has nothing to do with how much we know
    about science or even how smart we are.
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    But simply where we fall
    on the political spectrum.
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    Does the thermometer give us
    a different answer
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    depending on if we're liberal
    or conservative?
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    Of course not.
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    But if that thermometer tells us
    that the planet is warming,
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    that humans are responsible,
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    and that to fix this thing
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    we have to wean ourselves
    off fossil fuels as soon as possible.
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    Well, some people would rather
    cut off their arm
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    than give the government
    any further excuse
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    to disrupt their comfortable lives
    and tell them what to do.
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    But saying, "Yes, its a real problem
    but I don't want to fix it,"
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    that makes us the bad guy
    and nobody want to be the bad guy.
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    So instead, we use arguments like,
    "It's just a natural cycle."
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    "It's the sun."
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    Or my favorite,
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    "Those climate scientists
    are just in it for the money."
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    (Laughter)
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    I get that at least once a week.
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    But these are just
    sciency-sounding smoke screens,
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    that are designed to hide
    the real reason for our objections,
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    which have nothing to do with the science.
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    And everything to do
    with our ideology and our identity.
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    So, when we turn on the TV these days,
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    it seems like pundit X is saying,
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    "It's cold outside,
    where is global warming now?"
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    And politician Y is saying,
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    "For every scientist
    who says this thing is real,
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    I can find one who says it isn't."
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    So it's no surprise that sometimes we feel
    like everybody is saying these myths.
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    But when we look at the data,
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    and the Yale program
    on climate communication
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    has done public opinion polling across
    the country now for a number of years,
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    the data shows that actually 70 percent
    of people in the United States
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    agree that climate is changing.
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    And 70 percent also agree
    that it will harm plants and animals
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    and it will harm future generations.
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    But then when we dig down a bit deeper,
    the rubber starts to hit the road.
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    Only about 60 percent of people think
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    that it will affect people
    in the United States.
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    Only 40 percent of people
    think it will affect us personally.
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    And then when you ask people,
    "Do you ever talk about this?"
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    Two thirds of people in the entire
    United States say, "Never."
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    And even worse, when you say,
    "Do you hear the media talk about this?"
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    Over three quarters of people say no.
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    So, it's a viscous cycle.
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    The planet warms.
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    Heat waves get stronger.
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    Heavy precipitation gets more frequent.
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    Hurricanes get more intense.
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    Scientists release yet another
    doom-filled report.
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    Politicians push back even more strongly,
    repeating the same sciency-sounding myths.
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    What can we do to break
    this viscous cycle?
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    The number one thing we can do
    is the exact thing that we're not doing.
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    Talk about it.
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    But you might say, "I'm not a scientist,
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    how am I supposed to talk
    about radiative forcing
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    or cloud parametrization
    and climate models?"
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    We don't need to be talking
    about more science,
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    we've been talking about
    the science for over 150 years.
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    Did you know that it's been
    150 years or more since the 1850s,
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    when climate scientists first discovered
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    that digging up and burning
    coal and gas and oil
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    is producing heat-trapping gases
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    that is wrapping an extra blanket
    around the planet?
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    That's how long we've known.
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    It's been 50 years since scientists
    first formally warned a US president
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    of the dangers of a changing climate,
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    and that president was Lyndon B. Johnson.
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    And what's more,
    the social science has taught us
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    that if people have built their identity
    on rejecting a certain set of facts,
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    then arguing over those facts
    is a personal attack.
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    It causes them to dig in deeper
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    and it digs a trench,
    rather than building a bridge.
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    So, if we aren't supposed to talk
    about more science,
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    if we don't need to talk
    about more science,
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    what should we be talking about?
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    The most important thing to do,
    is instead of starting up with your head,
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    with all the data and facts in our head,
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    to start from the heart.
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    To start by talking
    about why it matters to us.
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    To begin with genuinely shared values.
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    Are we both parents?
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    Do we live in the same community?
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    Do we enjoy the same outdoor activities,
    hiking, biking, fishing, even hunting?
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    Do we care about the economy
    or national security?
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    For me, one of the most foundational ways
    I found to connect with people
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    is through my faith.
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    As a Christian, I believe that God created
    this incredible planet that we live on,
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    and gave us responsibility
    over every living thing on it.
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    And I furthermore believe
    that we are to care for and love
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    the least fortunate among us.
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    Those who are already suffering
    the impacts of poverty,
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    hunger, disease and more.
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    If you don't know what
    the values are that someone has,
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    have a conversation, get to know them,
    figure out what makes them tick.
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    And then once we have,
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    all we have to do is connect the dots
    between the values they already have,
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    and why they would care
    about a changing climate.
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    I truly believe, after
    thousands of conversations
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    that I've had over the past
    decade and more,
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    that just about every single
    person in the world
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    already has the values they need
    to care about a changing climate,
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    they just haven't connected the dots.
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    And that's what we can do
    through our conversation with them.
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    The only reason why I care
    about a changing climate,
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    is because of who I already am.
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    I'm a mother, so I care
    about the future of my child.
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    I live in west Texas
    where water is already scarce,
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    and climate change is impacting
    the availability of that water.
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    I'm a Christian, I care
    about a changing climate
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    because it is, as the military calls it,
    a threat multiplier.
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    It takes those issues,
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    like poverty and hunger and disease
    and lack of access to clean water,
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    and even political crises
    that lead to refugee crises.
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    It takes all of these issues
    and it exacerbates them,
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    it makes them worse.
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    I'm not a Rotarian.
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    But when I gave my first talk
    at a Rotary club,
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    I walked in and they had this giant banner
    that had the Four-Way Test on it.
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    Is it the truth?
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    Absolutely.
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    Is it fair?
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    Heck, no, that's why I care
    most about climate change,
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    because it is absolutely unfair.
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    Those who have contributed
    the least to the problem
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    are bearing the grunt of the impacts.
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    It went on to ask,
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    "Would it be beneficial to all,
    would it build good will?"
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    Well, to fix it, certainly would.
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    So I took my talk and I reorganized it
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    into the Four-Way Test
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    and then I gave it to this group
    of conservative business people
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    in West Texas.
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    And I will never forget at the end,
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    a local bank owner came up to me
    with the most bemused look on his face.
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    And he said, "You know, I wasn't sure
    about this whole global warming thing,
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    but it passed the Four-Way Test."
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    (Laughter)
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    (Applause)
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    These values, though,
    they have to be genuine.
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    I was giving a talk at a Christian college
    a number of years ago,
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    and after my talk, a fellow scientist
    came up and he said,
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    "I need some help.
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    I've been really trying hard
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    to get my foot in the door
    with our local churches.
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    But I can't seem to get any traction,
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    I want to talk to them
    about why climate change matters."
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    So I said, "Well, the best thing to do
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    is to start with the denomination
    that you're part of,
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    because you share the most values
    with those people.
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    What type of church do you attend?"
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    "Oh, I don't attend any church,
    I'm an atheist," he said.
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    (Laughter)
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    I said, "Well, in that case,
    starting with the faith community
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    is probably not the best idea.
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    Let's talk about what you do enjoy doing,
    what you are involved in,"
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    and we were able to identify
    a community group
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    that he was part of,
    that he could start with.
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    The bottom line is, we don't have to be
    a liberal tree-hugger
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    to care about a changing climate.
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    All we have to be is a human,
    living on this planet.
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    Because no matter where we live,
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    climate change is already
    affecting us today.
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    If we live along the coasts,
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    in many places we're already seeing
    sunny day flooding.
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    If we live in the western North America,
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    we're seeing much greater area
    being burned by wildfires.
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    If we live in many coastal locations,
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    from the Gulf of Mexico
    to the south Pacific,
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    we are seeing stronger hurricanes,
    typhoons and cyclones,
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    powered by a warming ocean.
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    If we live in Texas
    or if we live in Syria,
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    we're seeing climate change
    super-size our droughts,
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    making them more frequent and more severe.
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    Wherever we live, we're already
    being affected by a changing climate
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    So you might say, "OK, that's good,
    we can talk impacts,
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    we can scare the pants off people.
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    Because this thing is serious."
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    And it is, believe me,
    I'm a scientist, I know.
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    (Laughter)
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    But fear is not
    what is going to motivate us
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    for the long-term, sustained change
    we need to fix this thing.
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    Fear is designed to help us
    run away from the bear.
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    Or just ran faster
    than the person beside us.
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    (Laughter)
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    What we need to fix this thing
    is rational hope.
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    Yes, we absolutely do need
    to recognize what's at stake.
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    Of course we do.
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    But we need a vision of a better future.
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    A future with abundant energy.
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    With a stable economy.
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    With resources available to all.
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    Where our lives are not worse
    but better than they are today.
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    There are solutions.
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    And that's why the second important
    thing that we have to talk about
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    is solutions.
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    Practical, viable, accessible,
    attractive solutions.
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    Like what?
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    Well, there's no
    silver bullet as they say,
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    but there's plenty of silver buckshot.
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    (Laughter)
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    There are simple solutions
    that save us money
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    and reduce our carbon footprint
    at the same time.
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    Yes, light bulbs.
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    I love my plug-in car.
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    I'd like some solar shingles.
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    But imagine if every home
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    came with a switch beside the front door,
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    that when you left the house,
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    you could turn off everything
    except your fridge, and maybe the DVR.
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    (Laughter)
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    Lifestyle choices.
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    Eating local, eating lower
    down the food chain,
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    and reducing food waste,
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    which at the global scale
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    is one of the most important things
    that we can do to fix this problem.
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    I'm a climate scientist,
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    so the irony of traveling around
    to talk to people about a changing climate
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    is not lost on me.
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    (Laughter)
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    The biggest part of my personal
    carbon footprint is my travel.
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    And that's why I carefully
    collect my invitations,
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    I usually don't go anywhere
    unless I have a critical mass
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    of invitations in one place,
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    anywhere from three to four,
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    to sometimes even as many as
    10 or 15 talks in a given place.
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    So I can minimize the impact
    of my carbon footprint
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    as much as possible.
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    And I've transitioned nearly
    three quarters of the talks I give
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    to video.
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    Often, people will say,
    "Well, we've never done that before."
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    But I say, "Well, let's give it a try,
    I think it could work."
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    Most of all, though,
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    we need to talk about what's already
    happening today around the world
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    and what could happen in the future.
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    Now, I live in Texas.
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    And Texas has the highest carbon emissions
    of any state in the United States.
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    You might say, "Well,
    what can you talk about in Texas?"
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    The answer is, a lot.
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    Did you know that in Texas
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    there's over 25,000 jobs
    in the wind energy industry?
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    We are almost up to 20 percent
    of our electricity
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    from clean, renewable sources,
    most of that wind,
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    though solar is growing quickly.
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    The largest army base
    in the United States,
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    Fort Hood, is, of course, in Texas.
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    And they've been powered
    by wind and solar energy now
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    because it's saving tax payers
    over 150 million dollars.
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    Yes.
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    (Applause)
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    What about those who don't have
    the resources that we have?
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    In sub-Saharan Africa,
    there are hundreds of millions of people
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    who don't have access
    to any type of energy,
  • 14:01 - 14:03
    except kerosine, and it's very expensive.
  • 14:03 - 14:05
    Around the entire world,
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    the fastest growing type
    of new energy today is solar.
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    And they have plenty of solar.
  • 14:14 - 14:19
    So, social impact investors,
    nonprofits, even corporations
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    are going in and using innovative
    new micro financing schemes
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    like, pay-as-you-go solar.
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    So that people can buy
    the power they need in increments,
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    sometimes even on their cell phone.
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    One company, Azuri, has distributed
    tens of thousands of units
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    across 11 countries,
    from Rwanda to Uganda.
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    They estimate that they've powered
    over 30 million hours of electricity
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    and over 10 million hours
    of cell phone charging.
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    What about the giant growing
    economies of China and India?
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    Well, climate impacts might seem
    a little further down the road,
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    but air quality impacts
    are right here today.
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    And they know that clean energy
    is essential to powering their future.
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    So China is investing hundreds
    of billions of dollars in clean energy.
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    They're flooding coal mines
  • 15:07 - 15:10
    and they're putting floating
    solar panels on the surface.
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    They also have a panda-shaped solar farm.
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    (Applause)
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    (Laughter)
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    Yes, they're still burning coal.
  • 15:17 - 15:20
    But they've shut down
    all the coal plants around Beijing.
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    And in India, they're looking to replace
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    a quarter of a billion
    incandescent light bulbs with LEDs,
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    which will save them
    seven billion dollars in energy costs.
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    They're investing in green jobs,
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    and they're looking to decarbonize
    their entire vehicle fleet.
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    India may be the first country
    to industrialize
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    without relying primarily on fossil fuels.
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    The world is changing.
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    But it just isn't changing fast enough.
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    Too often, we picture this problem
    as a giant boulder,
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    sitting at the bottom of a hill,
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    with only a few hands on it,
    trying to roll it up the hill.
  • 15:57 - 16:00
    But in reality, that boulder
    is already at the top of the hill.
  • 16:00 - 16:02
    And it's got hundreds
    of millions of hands,
  • 16:02 - 16:04
    maybe even billions on it,
    pushing it down.
  • 16:04 - 16:07
    It just isn't going fast enough.
  • 16:07 - 16:12
    So how do we speed up that giant boulder
    so we can fix climate change in time?
  • 16:13 - 16:14
    You guessed it.
  • 16:14 - 16:17
    The number one way is by talking about it.
  • 16:18 - 16:19
    The bottom line is this.
  • 16:21 - 16:23
    Climate change is affecting you and me
  • 16:23 - 16:27
    right here, right now,
    in the places where we live.
  • 16:29 - 16:31
    But by working together, we can fix it.
  • 16:32 - 16:33
    Sure it's a daunting problem.
  • 16:33 - 16:36
    Nobody knows that
    more than us, climate scientists.
  • 16:36 - 16:39
    But we can't give in to despair.
  • 16:39 - 16:42
    We have to go out and actively look
    for the hope that we need,
  • 16:42 - 16:45
    that will inspire us to act.
  • 16:45 - 16:50
    And that hope begins
    with the conversation today.
  • 16:51 - 16:52
    Thank you.
  • 16:52 - 16:58
    (Applause)
Title:
The most important thing you can do to fight climate change: talk about it
Speaker:
Katharine Hayhoe
Description:

How do you talk to someone who doesn't believe in climate change? In this inspiring, pragmatic talk, climate scientist Katharine Hayhoe shows how the key to having a real discussion is to connect over shared values like family, community and religion -- and to prompt people to realize that they already care about a changing climate. "We can't give in to despair," she says. "We have to go out and look for the hope we need to inspire us to act -- and that hope begins with a conversation, today."

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Video Language:
English
Team:
closed TED
Project:
TEDTalks
Duration:
17:11

English subtitles

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