-
NO GODS NO MASTERS
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A history of anarchism
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Who are they?
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Where do they come from?
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What were self-proclaimed anarchists ...
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used and what do they do?
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Why are their faces even though they are registered,
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for a mystery?
-
Why their ideas seem so confused,
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and their history so disturbing?
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As a child of capitalism ...
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and subversive brother of state communism,
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anarchisme is a method to rebel which ...
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in the world continues to stalk.
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While some libertarians are criminal,
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carry firearms and dynamite parting,
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it is important to know that many of them ...
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offer alternatives and provoke global revolutions.
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The establishment has it always punished hard.
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Wherever they are dragged to the guillotine ...
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or strapped to the electric chair.
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The punishment does not help to write off anarchic actions as hooliganism ...
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so as to erase the memory of victories in the social conscience.
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While their practices are part of everyday life,
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as their ideas are spread and networks expand, and she ...
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Paris to New York, from Tokyo to Buenos Aires entice youth
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anarchists keep feeding the imagination and thus misunderstandings.
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From what source does the sulfur air that rises every dreary march?
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Which wild expectations creates the black flag?
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How can anarchism, dreaming of a different future for the ...
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old world, which has been fighting for 150 years against bosses and gods
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continue to ask questions that are still relevant today?
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Why its history is a pendulum which drag from left to right,
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of uprising to murder attempt,
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more than ever a reflection of ourselves?
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It all began in France in the nineteenth century.
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The land is like the rest of the world in the grip of a new economic system,
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capitalism, which hesitantly takes his first steps into the world.
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Capitalist morality spreads ...
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in a landscape that is pockmarked from heavy industry.
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The mirages of the first industrial wave ...
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disappear and a grim, more brutal reality emerges.
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Attempts to find answers to questions about an era full of ...
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contradictions is, come together in the form of anarchism.
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What is the major problem in the nineteenth century?
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Simply put, there is the social question.
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The company develops. Railway steam locomotives ...
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ships and looms invented.
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In a sense, the society has improved considerably,
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in hygiene, medicine and what is involved.
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But the horrible misery of them in the manufacturing industry,
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known as factories had not been so visible.
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All great thinkers, Saint-Simon Faure, Proudhon, Marx, Cabe, Owen and others ...
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want to resolve this conundrum.
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To understand the emergence of anarchism in this period ...
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one must understand the miserable life of the proletariat.
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It only his strength.
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The working day lasts twelve hours or more ...
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and the pay is not enough to drive away hunger.
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They know no rest, no insurance and no pension.
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Their children are employed as soon as they can stand.
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Half dies for their sixth year.
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Shortages, epidemics and alcohol cause disaster.
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Illiteracy is the norm and accidents are rife.
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In 1840, the life expectancy of a worker barely 30 years.
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And yet, as the middle class enjoys a comfortable life ...
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which is produced by the progress and forge an ideology ...
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with liberalism, the proletariat sees a solution ...
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the problems of that time, and the socialism begins to emerge.
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But before they can represent a real solution to the injustice ...
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Socialism must first overcome another, almost philosophical contradiction.
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From classical liberalism prevails in political philosophy the issue ...
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about reconciling liberty and equality.
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How do you reconcile the greatest liberties with the greatest equality?
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When inequality freedom remains incomplete.
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The ideals of liberty and equality had reconciled.
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An American anarchist said: "Freedom without equality ...
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the jungle. Equality without freedom is a jail.
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We willen noch de jungle,
noch de gevangenis."
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This puzzle, reconciling maximum freedom ...
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and maximum equality, this dual ambition ...
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equality and freedom is one of the fundamental values ...
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van het anarchism.
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Until the mid-nineteenth century, the word anarchy ,
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the Greek AnArchi , the absence of power,
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a negative term for disorders and chaos.
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While significant figures such as the Sade, LaBoeuf and Godwin ...
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Anarchists called, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon which ...
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one of the few comes from a working class background,
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and the notion of commitment as a revolutionary attitude,
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and so the concept of a positive value.
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1840 I'm an anarchist
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In 1840 Proudhon wrote the memoir that makes him famous What is property? .
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While his answer Property is theft!
immediately caused a big scandal,
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some phrases may continue in the faith statement ...
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the true birth are found in anarchist thought.
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A paradox that says everything.
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- Are you a Republican?
- No.
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- Do you want a monarchy?
- God forbid.
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- Are you an aristocrat?
- Not really.
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- Do you want a mixed government?
- That even less.
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- What are you?
- I am an anarchist.
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Although I large
am in favor of order
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in the full sense
of the word,
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I am an anarchist.
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While he declared himself an anarchist, he said, property is theft.
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He meant that ownership is the basis of a certain social order.
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Call yourself an anarchist means attacking the foundations ...
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this social order, which is identified as the property.
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According to Proudhon and Faure there are close ties between ...
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political domination by the state, the economic domination of ...
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het kapitaal, en de religieuze overheersing
door het idee van god.
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Proudhon is dus de echte
vader van anarchie,
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omdat hij als enige deze drie
vormen van overheersing verbindt.
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Hij gelooft dat ze tegelijkertijd
moeten worden vernietigd...
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om de sociale structuur
te kunnen veranderen.
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Proudhon wil de macht
vernietigen om de...
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sociale structuur te veranderen,
maar wijst revolutionair geweld af.
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Zijn visie is een wederzijds systeem
ondersteund door zijn volksbank.
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Zijn filosofie wordt echter
van alle kanten aangevallen.
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Hij wordt bekritiseerd,
gepersifleerd en verboden.
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Maar zijn publicaties gaan op reis
en zijn anarchisme spreekt wereldwijd...
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socialisten aan.
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Zoals de jonge doctoraalstudent
in de filosofie Karl Marx.
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Hij verklaart zich pionier van de
nieuwe Europese arbeidersbeweging.
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And on the edge of Europe, in distant Russia,
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Count Nicolai Tolstoy borrows the title of Proudhon's essay ...
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For his new book
War and Peace .
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Echter met pas Michael Bakoenin, een militaire voormalige Cadet, die ...
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has been in every prison in Europe and several ...
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to death sentenced, anarchism is a revolutionary philosophy ...
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in the strict sense.
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Although Proudhon first the concept of anarchism used ...
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Bakoenin is an important figure for the definition of the manifest.
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He adds the principle revolution
to Proudhon's ideas.
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Unlike Proudhon, he advocated rebellion ...
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and thinks that the only way to abolish capitalism and the state ...
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an armed revolution.
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Bakunin begins to spread anarchist ideas within the new international ...
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labor organization, known as the First International.
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This association founded in London in 1864 ...
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notes that the emancipation of workers ...
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by the workers themselves should be done.
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At launch, two thousand workers, street sweepers,
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workers, carpenters and cabinetmakers ...
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available from around the world.
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The Russian anarchists find an ideal ...
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instrument to turn the anarchist project ...
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and present it to the world.
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the means of production are discussed at each conference.
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They must be collectivized?
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Everyone is entitled to their own means of production?
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Should they be shared?
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Cooperatives and communities need?
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What to do with inheritances and money?
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What is the role of women? And so on.
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A series of problems that has never been addressed before.
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But after the death of Proudhon goes downhill with the jarring ...
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between Bakoenin, vader van het en anarchisme Marx,
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the author of poverty Philosophy rejected.
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Their argument is as personal as political, and distributes soon ...
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the Socialist movement.
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Three major movements come.
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A minority movement that rejects the virtues of the revolution.
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A Marxist movement, as qualified by authoritarian anarchists,
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who believes that a dictatorship of the proletariat will establish an order.
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En dan Bakoenins anti-autoritaire of anarchistische beweging ...
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which calls for the uprising and the final destruction ...
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of the state apparatus.
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Both anarchists and Marxists communism is a stateless society.
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But what Marxists believe that they could use the state ...
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to create a new society, think anarchists ...
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that Communism begins when the state is dissolved ...
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in the social revolution.
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Marx will need a central party ...
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with a command structure that mobilizes people ...
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to seize power.
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With that power, socialism can be created.
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Given his loyalty to his anarchist ideals ...
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and given his distrust of power and ...
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Bakunin authorities find these ideas a big mistake.
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The gist of his reasoning is that ...
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a revolutionary leader on the throne in Russia ...
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will become a despot within a few years.
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He predicts that a Russian revolution according to Marx's insights ...
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will produce a terrible red tape.
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With almost two meters long, his bright blue eyes,
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speaking five languages, Bakunin convince influential ...
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Members of the International, as the Swiss James Guillaume,
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Fransman of Reclus to Spanjaard Anselmo Lorenzo ...
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de Italiaan Malatesta en even
later de Russische prins Kropotkin.
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Thanks to them, anarchism is an international movement ...
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and the most popular revolutionary ideology within socialist movements.
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If you count the number of worldwide Marxists, you'll ...
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to no more than a thousand members.
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The anarchist wing as it is known later ...
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has much larger formations.
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Sixty thousand in Spain ...
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fifteen thousand in Mexico, and so on.
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Relatively much larger numbers.
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What van de volgers Bakoenin in Proudhon meerderheid van de ...
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International form, also France has many disciples.
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When in 1871 an outbreak of the Commune of Paris, the anarchists are the vanguard.
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The other revolutionaries they throw themselves wholeheartedly to the insurgency.
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There is great hope, the dream. The whole city is suddenly autonomous,
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to abolish bosses and the old world. Everything is reinvented.
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During 73 days is Paris in revolt. Executes several generals,
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burns registers, late overturn ancient idols ...
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and gives back to the people in power.
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put on the ruins of the old order revolutionaries of the International mutual ...
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disagreements aside and try together to build a better world.
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The needs will be provided with everybody.
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The poor are fed. Illiterate learn to read and write.
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Disabilities get care.
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Church and state are separated.
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Culture is accessible to everyone.
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Women receive education, voting rights and control over their own bodies.
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The city operates virtually without a government.
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In reality, the commune is not an anarchistic event.
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It is a first attempt, the state immediately ...
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and completely destroy.
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The idea is about a sudden revolt ...
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and the acquisition of the metropolitan economy ...
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and politics by the people themselves.
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The Paris Commune might not anarchic,
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but those who call themselves anarchist ...
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or to call, such as Louise Michel, are on the front line.
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And if the movement spreads to cities such as Lyon ...
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Bakoenin itself take part in the uprising.
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Within days, abolished the state.
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He believes that the big day has finally come.
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But the government saves all back.
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De communards richten
barricades op...
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and prepare for the battle.
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A week long civil war breaks out in the Paris of Hausmann ...
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where workers, men and children receiving ...
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against a trained army.
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The expected both revolutionary anti-backlash that follows ...
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reflects the great fear that the citizens of the Commune.
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The army fires indiscriminately.
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The pride of the proletariat is brought down ...
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while Paris turns into a mass grave.
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It was a slaughter that day would be unimaginable today.
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There has long been debate about the numbers.
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Twenty-five, thirty ... Probably twenty.
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Twenty thousand executions in one week with rifles when ...
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could almost not in practice.
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The killing stops on May 28, 1871 ...
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because the earth, gutters and sewers of Paris ...
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overflowing with blood.
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The brutality and repression of the Paris Commune ...
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shocked many on the left in Europe,
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and Europeans in general.
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Some anarchists see it as a sign ....
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that if the ruling class behaves that way ...
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they can and do respond as discretion.
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They see proof that peaceful change is possible ...
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because other ways result in a massacre ...
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like the Communards, who despite their ...
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placidity were shot.
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Many anarchists come in the massacre ...
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and many others are relegated to ...
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de Caledonian strafkolonieën.
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The few who escape death and revenge ...
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the state, condemned to exile and misery.
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Now their numbers have declined, the Marxists take the movement and ...
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banish them from the International.
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But survives anarchism.
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Bakoenin vlucht in vermomming.
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He collects his last forces in the stronghold ...
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Saint-Imier mountains in the Swiss Jura ...
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where he officially heralding a new movement.
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There are about fifteen people.
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Twelve youths of 20-30 years ...
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from Spain, Italy and Switzerland.
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The others are older. Bakunin, the Spaniard ...
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and Gustave Lefrançais a communard.
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They set up a new organization.
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Historians do not mention them in the annals of the International.
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It is a new organization. The name leaves little ...
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te raden over:
International Anti-authoritarian .
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The International Working Men's Association adopted a number of measures.
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Most important is the duty of all political power ...
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to destroy.
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For the first time there is an organization anarchist ...
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establishes goals.
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an alliance of anarchists draw in Saint-Imier in ...
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friendship, solidarity and mutual defense ...
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declared its independence.
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They propose a Charter, an organization and a program.
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Horizontal organization. Anti-authoritarianism.
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Revolutionary radicalism. Internationalism. Atheism.
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Freedom of expression, free thinking. Equality for all ...
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and the rejection of party politics.
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Every aspect of libertarian thought is first collected therein.
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The anarchists even find a new weapon that ...
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a means to break any political power ...
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and to launch a revolution.
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The main instrument of the revolution ...
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the general strike.
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It is a new term coined in Saint-Imier.
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Unions do not exist yet ...
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laat staan het concept anarcho-syndicalism.
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But everything is ready.
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The goal is not to exist or continue ...
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but to start a revolution.
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1886 Labor Day
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It was in the early days of the US that ...
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The new weapon is first used on a large scale.
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By introducing the many immigrants ...
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anarchism will also find a foothold.
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Among the arms battalions doing bulge the industrial north ...
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where contractors are similar to Southern slave.
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The conditions favor the development.
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Not least because the civil war in the early 1880s ...
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plodding in the social struggle, as in the major train strike in Pennsylvania.
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The federal government sends the army towards him.
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Charges bayonet require dozens of lives of workers.
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For newcomers turn the American dream often ...
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from a long nightmare.
-
The overall story of anarchist immigrants ...
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German, Jewish or Italian ...
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is that of skilled workers who can only find unskilled work,
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or unskilled workers only find the most degrading work.
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They become disillusioned with their economic opportunities ...
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They become disillusioned with the political system ...
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which they vaguely know that it is supposed to be the Democratic and Republican.
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But they know that it is plagued by corruption ...
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and corporate power.
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Some of these disillusioned immigrants ...
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in contact with radical ideas.
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The introduction to radical ideas happens especially ...
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Chicago, a city where many immigrants go up.
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The steel, concrete and meat industry needs manpower.
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Plagued by the emerging mafia and the wages of the Almighty ...
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industrialists, the city is flooded with segregated workers,
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prostitutes and street children.
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Soon the home for demonstrations is.
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Chicago is the center of ...
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anarchist activity in the US in the 1880s.
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Industrial relations are hard.
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There is no room for negotiation or compromise.
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The situation is hard. There are the workers.
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Ze leven vaak in zeer barre
omstandigheden.
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En de heersende lokale zakenelite die
geen enkele concessie wil.
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Geïnspireerd door de nieuwe
anarchistische strategie wordt...
-
in 1886 op een doordeweekse 1 mei
een algemene staking uitgeroepen.
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350.000 werkers verzamelen
zich en eisen een 8-urige werkdag.
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De politie breekt de
demonstratie met geweld op.
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Muren worden bedekt
met oproepen tot wraak.
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Twee dagen later organiseren
anarchisten een demonstratie...
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op Haymarket Square.
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Het evenement wordt een
sleutelmoment in de geschiedenis...
-
van de arbeidersbeweging.
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Enkele leidende anarchisten spreken
zich uit tegen de gebeurtenissen.
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Tijdens de demonstratie
arriveert de politie gewapend.
-
Op een gegeven moment die avond wil
de politie de demonstratie opbreken.
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Iemand gooide een zelfgemaakte
bom naar de politie.
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Explosion kills and injures several agents then opened fire on the crowd.
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Some people are slain. The result is a gun battle.
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The police started to shoot at the crowd.
-
Some of them are undoubtedly armed anarchists.
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Americans still carry weapons like today.
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The authorities conclude that the anarchists are responsible ...
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although there is no hard evidence.
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Police corral dozens of anarchists ...
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and arrest anarchists who they blame for the bombing.
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Two of them were not present at the demonstration.
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This is seen as a classic example of ...
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reactionary forces that affect an event in a city ...
-
to create a precedent of oppression.
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Eight anarchists accused of throwing the bomb.
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In his plea allows the prosecutor hinted their innocence.
-
We know that the eight men no more guilty than ...
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the thousands who follow them, but they are chosen because the leaders
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Members of the jury, set them an example, they hang on ...
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and will save our institutions and our society.
-
be sentenced to death five of eight.
-
Louis Lingg committed suicide in prison.
-
De andere vier, August Spies,
George Engel, Adolphe Fischer...
-
and Albert Parsons be hung.
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Only in 1893 the governor of Illinois gives grace to ...
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all anarchists which were suspended and keeps ...
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the police responsible.
-
In particular, the Commissioner of Chicago would have everything organized.
-
He might even have been behind the bombing.
-
This puts a lot of bad blood, not only anarchists ...
-
Liberals also because the process was so unfair.
-
The execution of the Haymarket martyrs result ...
-
that it be folk heroes. Not only among anarchists, but also ...
-
among socialists worldwide. Their portraits are on display at ...
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union offices in England, France and Latin America.
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As a result of the global impact of the Haymarket Affair ...
-
May 1 is named the International Labor Day.
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In the years after anarchists lead demonstrations everywhere.
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In France in particular the massacre of Chicago heralds a new era in anarchist.
-
This is characterized by bombs and propaganda of action.
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1892
Propaganda of the deed
-
Propaganda of the deed, no perpetrator in particular ...
-
is a spontaneous expression of revolutionary action.
-
It need not be an explosion or bomb. Just an action that goes beyond words.
-
Anarchists believe that a heroic action is the best way ...
-
to convey the libertarian message.
-
So this is a challenge for revolutionaries. It is not enough...
-
to talk and leave the action to others.
-
Revolutionaries must act and ...
-
their credibility prove with deeds.
-
François Koenigstein, ook bekend als ... Ravachol
-
expresses the action that the revolutionary spark to the West ...
-
could turn into fire.
-
He takes the words of Louise Michel and Kropotkin literally,
-
they are Malatesta new theorists of anarchism.
-
They are calling for an implacable revolt, speeches and texts ...
-
with dagger or dynamite.
-
In Nobel's invention Ravachol sees the ideal ...
-
way to destroy the old world.
-
He began to learn about nitroglycerin and overcome with rage by the oppression ...
-
the first May 1 demonstrations in France, he decided to act.
-
The anarchists decide May 1, 1891 to make a day of conflict and action.
-
Not a day orderly parades that later.
-
Riots break whatsoever in Clichy,
-
where agents the anarchists club and anarchists retaliate.
-
Fourmies in northern police open fire on women and children ...
-
leading a demonstration and fall several deaths.
-
This is the reason for Ravachol to plant bombs.
-
Symbolic Ravachol placed homemade bombs in suitcases on boulevard Saint-Germain ...
-
and rue de Clichy, in the homes of the Judge Advocate General and ...
-
who had given long prison three anarchist protesters.
-
The damage is impressive.
-
No deaths in the attack.
-
They are seen as a retaliation for ...
-
the overzealous prosecution of some anarchist demonstrators in Clichy.
-
The French and British police ...
-
and see the French and British media Ravachol ...
-
which is not determined is a leading figure, if the dark side ...
-
the dark side of a destructive doctrine.
-
The beginning of the myth of the anarchist bomber.
-
Ravachol spook. The hunt is open to him.
-
Police get new weapons.
-
While police are reinventing and scientists.
-
The first anthropometric records are ever made.
-
His image is sent to newspapers ...
-
en zijn naam staat wereldwijd
op de voorpagina.
-
De vier grootste kranten hebben een oplage
van zevenhonderdduizend tot een miljoen per dag.
-
Met hun koppen, vooral in het zondagse
supplement, gaan ze tot het uiterste...
-
om een angstklimaat te scheppen.
-
Maar in het begin leiden de aanslagen
niet tot een algehele verontwaardiging.
-
Ravachol wordt voor het publiek een
soort volksheld, in de traditie van...
-
struikrovers als Mandrin en Cartouche.
-
Men ziet hem als een wreker, voor
wie een lied wordt geschreven...
-
op de wijs van La Carmagnole.
-
Er is een hoge prijs voor een door
de wol geverfde anarchist.
-
In tegenstelling tot terroristen,
die na een aanval vluchten...
-
moeten anarchisten de maatschappij
tegemoet treden en hun actie rechtvaardigen...
-
in de rechtbank.
-
They need to use the process as a megaphone, ensuring that ...
-
the anarchist message heard loud and clear is everywhere.
-
True to the strategy of propaganda of the deed ...
-
Ravachol demands when he three days after his ...
-
last stop is arrested, responsibility
-
At his trial in the court of Seine he knows his life ...
-
at stake, and he justifies his actions.
-
Too many people suffer while others in luxury baths.
-
This can no longer. There are plenty of anarchists to now ...
-
to overthrow the current state of affairs.
-
All that is needed is a push that will unleash the revolution.
-
Ravachol gets life with hard labor but after a second trial ...
-
a common law CASE, he gets the death penalty.
-
And that falls on a cold morning in Montbrison ...
-
the guillotine in the middle of its three calls for revolution.
-
His execution does not deter the libertarians, but works as a call for rebellion.
-
The anarchist press demands retribution.
-
An explosion of the following activity. Everyone wants to participate.
-
Encouraged by publications soon become known as the "explosive press.
-
With their scientific exposés about the anti-bourgeois armory ...
-
start anywhere to go off bombs.
-
The restaurant Ravachol was arrested, is inflated.
-
Auguste Vaillant, Franse Guy Fawkes, valt aan national assembly.
-
Leo Leotier uses a cleaver.
-
Amédée Pauwels blows himself up at the Madeleine Church.
-
Bombs Émile Henry require several lifetimes.
-
One of them goes off at the railway station of Saint-Lazare.
-
There are explosions in the Rue Jean-Jacques Faubert, Rue Saint-Martin ...
-
Rue de Fourichar, similar cases in Angiers, ... Loivre
-
Bolt-sure-Mer, Marseilles, puts name ...
-
Lyon, where violence erupts after the assassination of President Sadi Carnot ...
-
a 20-year-old anarchist, a young baker from Italy.
-
As president Sadi Carnot visiting Lyon, Santo Geronimo Caserio see ...
-
his chance to get him.
-
Carnot was warned by the police and anarchists ...
-
the blood of the guillotine sticks to his hands.
-
Carnot is stabbed in Lyon.
-
The death of Sadi Carnot is like thunder.
-
He gets a state funeral and his ashes are interred in the Pantheon.
-
His killer is quickly tried and sentenced to death.
-
To ensure that his resting place is no altar ...
-
contains the relics of Santo Geronimo Caserio,
-
anarchist and martyr,
-
thrown in an unmarked grave.
-
It is not enough. There are more drastic measures.
-
During this period France performs known as Lois scélérates in ...
-
the "rogue laws" prohibiting all anarchist and anti-militarist propaganda.
-
It is considered a conspiracy.
-
It makes every activist criminals, including poor subscribers of ...
-
a libertarian magazine.
-
This was incredible.
-
This "dangerous anarchists" for example, prove to be a watchmaker in Saint-Imier.
-
Which had sometimes called seditious cries ...
-
but who has not ever called hang them die or police?
-
Everyone has ever done.
-
The world is in a panic. The craziest conspiracy carry the overtone of ministries and consulates.
-
The anarchists conspire. They are a serious threat to ...
-
the security of nations.
-
The US in particular, governments implement laws against the black menace.
-
The idea of an international anarchist terrorist plot comes.
-
For the first time the concept of the war on terror used.
-
Around 1894 writes The New York Times
on European governments ...
-
wanting terrorism eradication . This language is used ...
-
sometimes rather melodramatic.
-
THE WAR ON ANARCHY
-
RETURN TO barbarism
-
ANARCHY AND ASSASSINS
-
To combat this imagined international terrorism ...
-
a lifelike international police erected.
-
UNITE AGAINST ANARCHY
-
Twenty countries are organizing an international conference ...
-
around social defense against anarchists.
-
It lays the foundation for what later Interpol.
-
In Rome in 1898 come from around the world governments gather for anti-anarchist ...
-
conference. Each leader, King and Prince is terrified ...
-
to be assassinated by an anarchist.
-
All in vain, for it is in Italy on July 22 1900 ...
-
King Umberto I slaughtered by the anarchist Gaetano Bresci.
-
He is not alone.
-
Despite the repression and emergency measures are monarchs and heads of state ...
-
like flies by anarchist attacks.
-
The Russian tsar, the presidents of Uruguay,
-
Equador in El Salvador,
-
Spanish chairman of the Conservative Party ...
-
the Portuguese king and crown prince are all killed.
-
Geneva puts Luigi Lucheni ...
-
Empress Elisabeth of Austria, better known as "Sissi" down.
-
In Madrid murdered the head of state.
-
It goes on until World War I, when Alexandros Schinas ...
-
King George of Greece and kill ...
-
Gavrilo Princip, the aartshertog Frans Ferdinand of Austria and his wife.
-
Confronted by the propaganda of the deed fighting the state ...
-
back with propaganda.
-
Smart entrepreneurs use anarchism as a promotional tool.
-
Thomas Edison example uses the execution of Leon Czolgosz,
-
the assassin of US President McKinley, for two of its new ...
-
to praise inventions -
-
the 35-mm movie theater ...
-
and the electric seat.
-
In terms of numbers, there are not many casualties.
-
Some historians hold on most ...
-
one hundred, two hundred victims by anarchist bombings.
-
Late 19th century is a sure thing for anarchists:
-
murder tactical strategy has its limitations.
-
Nowhere leads to an uprising and the wave of murders takes the libertarian ...
-
matter much credibility.
-
Theorists have to go back to basics.
-
Late 19th century many anarchists reject even those who ...
-
once accepted the necessity of propaganda of the deed, and ...
-
write in journals that this strategy not only leads nowhere ...
-
but even counterproductive.
-
The Italian anarchist Errico Malatesta says the problem ...
-
the isolation with respect to the people's struggle. Our place is always ...
-
in the people and their struggle.
-
In the 1890s the anarchist movement returns after a relatively short period ...
-
back to the people's struggle and organizations.
-
Back to the workers' organizations, thus creating the revolutionary syndicalism.
-
1906
Direct Action!
-
For several years, workers have the right to organize unions.
-
But with the creation of
Bourse du Travail , at the same time ...
-
the CGT union in France, are anarchists and trade unions ...
-
kind of revolutionary union, later known as anarcho-syndicalism.
-
Through my research, I am convinced that ...
-
syndicalism in the core is an anarchist strategy.
-
It comes from the anarchist strategy. It does not ...
-
fall from the air, after which the anarchists then take over.
-
Certainly the Bourse du Travail system throughout France ...
-
is a structural system useful.
-
The driving force behind the Bourse du Travail movement is young anarchist ...
-
that name is to be against the killings.
-
I have great admiration for him. Pelloutier dies at the age of thirty.
-
He literally works himself to death. But he liked the idea of the Bourse du Travail in.
-
Wat is de Bourse du Travail ?
-
As the name says, they are places to find work.
-
It starts as an event for job seekers.
-
The Bourses du Travail soon become schools, normal schools, libraries ...
-
places where people discuss and develop their ideas.
-
For a foreigner like me who comes to France, move me ...
-
the imposing buildings and how beautiful it is that the workers ...
-
They have applied with their own savings.
-
These buildings embody the social, political and economic ideas ...
-
for which they fight. Places that stand up for workers.
-
They represent the vision of the future of society.
-
They capture and deliver the tools and weapons to their principles ...
-
to achieve their goals.
-
Usually found there are workers museums and evening.
-
There are debates, conferences and performances on Sunday ...
-
as workers bring their families. They are educational shows ...
-
So is it really the home for popular education.
-
The worker of the science of their own misery to give as Pelloutier calls it ...
-
goes back to the idea of an objective situation ...
-
can be addressed.
-
If you provide the right information to the appropriate people ...
-
they understand their situation and they want to change it.
-
The idea of the desire to change the world because of knowledge ...
-
is propagated by anarchists and by Pelloutier.
-
Everywhere arise Bourses du Travail . Under pressure from workers ...
-
each residence a nation palace.
-
Nearly a hundred at the beginning of the century.
-
They go along with the CGT, which has thousands of members.
-
Although they by no means all libertarian ...
-
they make the veteran anarchist Émile Pouget ...
-
Secretary of the CGT trade union federation.
-
A man who believes that the union and not political parties ...
-
a central, strategic and revolutionary role to play.
-
It's the golden age of the trade union movement ...
-
This was direct action, what I call the self-union movement.
-
There is no necessary political mediator.
-
There is no contradiction between politics, elections, parties and votes ...
-
reforms and on the other unions that are limited to ...
-
minor reforms and measures for a certain group of factory workers.
-
No. Unions had to keep all the cards ...
-
to society to be able to change radically.
-
The idea of a comprehensive union anarchists modes ...
-
of the stembus.
-
Voting is a democratic right,
-
but legitimizes the established order. At every election ...
-
Anarchists advocate for radical abstinence.
-
They know that voting is really not a weapon.
-
Nothing changes.
-
Even in the best democracy are the ten deputies ...
-
the people not accountable to them ..
-
It is not a rejection of democracy, but a protest against the assertion ...
-
what would be democracy.
-
So they invent alternatives: the anarcho-syndicalist movement ...
-
has delegates which can be fired at any time.
-
It's a different view of politics.
-
This is the new interpretation of politics.
-
To achieve changes in the wake of Congress of Saint-Imier ...
-
choose anarcho-syndicalists counterfeit weapons.
-
In the early 20th century is the strike slogan.
-
The idea may sound simplistic but it was revolutionary today.
-
As factories stop, how could capitalists ...
-
get their money and their dividends?
-
There would be nothing.
-
If everyone goes on strike, it is based on an economy of the uprising.
-
The society would collapse without the need for extreme violence.
-
Because the bourgeoisie could not handle it ...
-
would eliminate the state because she has no reason to exist anymore.
-
The idea is not to the bourgeoisie and the capitalists close to ...
-
but to kill the core of their capitalism.
-
If no capital is produced, there is no capitalism.
-
But capitalism kills.
-
As Courrières in 1906 ...
-
where one of the largest industrial disasters occurring sight.
-
A mijngas- and coal dust explosion set the mines ablaze.
-
To maintain the coal block owners of the mine.
-
More than fifteen hundred miners have been trapped by the fire gases and darkness.
-
Only twenty-four survive.
-
The miners will immediately strike.
-
Women lead the way and demand justice.
-
Anarchists are on the front line.
-
The newly appointed Interior Minister Clemenceau sends the army.
-
Twenty thousand soldiers carrying charges on the demonstrators.
-
On Labor Day in 1906 CGT demands libertarian activists ...
-
the eight-hour day and call for a general strike.
-
It's a taste of the events of 1936 and May 1968.
-
While the Bourses du Travail set up soup kitchens and orchestras play ...
-
they know that a backlash is inevitable.
-
These are difficult times for everyone. While the workers are preparing ...
-
keeps the bourgeoisie, trembling breath.
-
There is a feverish atmosphere in the period May 1, 1906 ...
-
when the general strike would begin.
-
The pressure is almost millennialistisch.
-
Banners announce: so many days we are free.
-
The number of days indicating that the is being updated.
-
The bourgeoisie is in panic.
-
Five Forty thousand soldiers are stationed in Paris ...
-
to break up demonstrations ..
-
Dragoons patrolling the squares.
-
Oproeren op Place de la Republique.
-
Soldiers charged with sword often ...
-
with the sharp edge to carry charges.
-
The bloodshed is awful ...
-
and many people come.
-
Despite all the arrests, the wounded and the dead ...
-
the anarchists achieved a great victory.
-
They show to mobilize the workers and pressing demands.
-
Although they do not get the achtdurige day,
-
the government sees forced to comply with a day of rest.
-
The popularity of the revolutionary trade union movement is at its peak.
-
The Charter of Amiens which was adopted a few weeks later ...
-
is a symbol of victory and is still in France and abroad ...
-
The cornerstone of the trade union movement.
-
Early 20th century spinoffs stabbing everywhere ...
-
van het anarcho-syndicalism.
-
CNT in Spain that soon gets two million members.
-
FORA in Argentina, the mainstay of the 50s ...
-
will be the labor movement.
-
And the IWW in the US, choosing a black cat as an emblem,
-
and a sabot, a lump throwing French workers in machinery ...
-
to make them break.
-
In many languages, the etymology of sabotage.
-
looking at the world map ...
-
to syndicalist dominance, you can find it throughout Latin America ...
-
substantial parts of Europe.
-
Watching less dominant but still significantly syndicalism ...
-
You can find it in North Africa and the Far East.
-
All over the world come to where the modern ...
-
capitalist industrialization rises.
-
Emerging organizations worldwide ...
-
and publications in many languages ...
-
know the revolutionary trade union movement ...
-
achieve margins of society until then ...
-
were immune to political movements and ...
-
the impact of growing anarchism.
-
As the movement matures, are the trade unions,
-
anarcho-syndicalist unions ...
-
almost all have a female section.
-
This is not a ghetto woman ...
-
the feminine section is at the forefront of the industrial revolution.
-
It is important to know.
-
Pioneering women establish a strong ...
-
syndicalist tradition with women in the forefront.
-
Women are slaves among the workers.
-
They are at the forefront in union conflicts and ...
-
open new fronts for anarchism.
-
At a time when women can not vote or open a bank account ...
-
the libertarian movement, the only thing ...
-
women are leading the front line.
-
Women such as Louise Michel communard become heroines ...
-
and Russian émigré Emma Goldman, the most dangerous ...
-
woman is called in America.
-
Voltairine the Cleyre, whose literary talent is only matched ...
-
her fertile mind.
-
Leda Rafanelli, an activist who converts to Islam and ...
-
is a leader in the anti-colonial struggles in the Middle East.
-
Virginia Bolten, who publishes the first feminist newspaper with the motto ...
-
No God, No Master, No Husband.
-
Lucy Parsons, whose husband is one of five Haymarket martyrs.
-
Born as a slave she is a pioneering activist ...
-
the black movement.
-
Worldwide, these women are known and recognized by ...
-
symphatisanten van het anarchisme ...
-
and feared by the established order ...
-
retaining them rapidly, deports or executes.
-
That is the fate of Sugako Kanno, a feminist journalist and martyr ...
-
is suspended in the dusk after an unjust ...
-
treason charges.
-
Despite the involvement of these figures ...
-
the limitations of revolutionary syndicalism become all too apparent.
-
Meanwhile Malatesta complains about the legalistic way ...
-
the movement and strikes that anarchists seem to forget ...
-
who they are and what they are fighting.
-
Malatesta criticized the apolitical ...
-
breadwinners-syndicalism not really fight the power,
-
which aanmoddert and trying to keep your head above water ...
-
and will not admit that they will eventually have to criticize power.
-
This reminder of the goal of united action ...
-
is all the more relevant. Only in 1905, a revolution in ...
-
Russia, strong demonstrations in Germany, Italy ...
-
and Britain.
-
Red Friday in Hungary ...
-
an uprising in Crete,
-
a general strike in Poland ...
-
Red Week in Chile
-
a mass movement in India.
-
The beginning of violence people in Japan ...
-
revolutionary upheavals in Mongolia ...
-
a constitutional revolution in Persia.
-
Everywhere the anarchists in advance.
-
Despite the widespread unrest, as in the failed uprising in Macedonia ...
-
which is both nationalist and libertarian ...
-
all of these movements are characterized by bloodshed.
-
Against the backdrop of widespread repression ...
-
is often forgotten that some anarchists take up arms ...
-
as in the period of the propaganda of the deed.
-
This time, they know that their actions will be in vain ...
-
and a tragedy at hand.
-
End of
First Book
-
♬ ACHAB - Black Bloc ♩
