Visualizing the wonder of a living cell
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0:00 - 0:03I'm a medical illustrator,
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0:03 - 0:06and I come from a slightly different point of view.
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0:06 - 0:08I've been watching, since I grew up,
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0:09 - 0:13the expressions of truth and beauty in the arts
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0:13 - 0:15and truth and beauty in the sciences.
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0:15 - 0:18And while these are both wonderful things in their own right --
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0:18 - 0:21they both have very wonderful things going for them --
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0:21 - 0:27truth and beauty as ideals that can be looked at by the sciences
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0:27 - 0:32and by math are almost like the ideal conjoined twins
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0:32 - 0:33that a scientist would want to date.
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0:35 - 0:37(Laughter)
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0:37 - 0:42These are expressions of truth as awe-full things,
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0:42 - 0:44by meaning they are things you can worship.
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0:45 - 0:49They are ideals that are powerful. They are irreducible.
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0:50 - 0:52They are unique. They are useful --
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0:52 - 0:54sometimes, often a long time after the fact.
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0:55 - 0:57And you can actually roll some of the pictures now,
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0:57 - 1:00because I don't want to look at me on the screen.
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1:01 - 1:03Truth and beauty are things
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1:03 - 1:07that are often opaque to people who are not in the sciences.
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1:08 - 1:14They are things that describe beauty in a way
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1:14 - 1:19that is often only accessible if you understand the language
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1:19 - 1:21and the syntax of the person
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1:21 - 1:24who studies the subject in which truth and beauty is expressed.
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1:24 - 1:27If you look at the math, E=mc squared,
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1:27 - 1:30if you look at the cosmological constant,
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1:30 - 1:35where there's an anthropic ideal, where you see that life had to evolve
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1:35 - 1:38from the numbers that describe the universe --
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1:38 - 1:41these are things that are really difficult to understand.
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1:41 - 1:42And what I've tried to do
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1:42 - 1:44since I had my training as a medical illustrator --
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1:44 - 1:47since I was taught animation by my father,
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1:47 - 1:50who was a sculptor and my visual mentor --
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1:51 - 1:54I wanted to figure out a way to help people
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1:55 - 1:58understand truth and beauty in the biological sciences
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1:59 - 2:02by using animation, by using pictures, by telling stories
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2:03 - 2:07so that the things that are not necessarily evident to people
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2:07 - 2:11can be brought forth, and can be taught, and can be understood.
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2:11 - 2:16Students today are often immersed in an environment
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2:17 - 2:22where what they learn is subjects that have truth and beauty
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2:22 - 2:27embedded in them, but the way they're taught is compartmentalized
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2:27 - 2:32and it's drawn down to the point where the truth and beauty
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2:32 - 2:33are not always evident.
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2:33 - 2:36It's almost like that old recipe for chicken soup
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2:36 - 2:40where you boil the chicken until the flavor is just gone.
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2:41 - 2:43We don't want to do that to our students.
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2:43 - 2:47So we have an opportunity to really open up education.
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2:47 - 2:50And I had a telephone call from Robert Lue at Harvard,
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2:50 - 2:52in the Molecular and Cellular Biology Department,
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2:52 - 2:55a couple of years ago. He asked me if my team and I
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2:56 - 3:00would be interested and willing to really change
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3:00 - 3:03how medical and scientific education is done at Harvard.
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3:03 - 3:08So we embarked on a project that would explore the cell --
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3:08 - 3:11that would explore the truth and beauty inherent
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3:11 - 3:13in molecular and cellular biology
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3:13 - 3:16so that students could understand a larger picture
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3:16 - 3:19that they could hang all of these facts on.
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3:19 - 3:22They could have a mental image of the cell
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3:22 - 3:29as a large, bustling, hugely complicated city
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3:30 - 3:32that's occupied by micro-machines.
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3:32 - 3:35And these micro-machines really are at the heart of life.
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3:35 - 3:36These micro-machines,
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3:36 - 3:39which are the envy of nanotechnologists the world over,
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3:40 - 3:47are self-directed, powerful, precise, accurate devices
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3:47 - 3:50that are made out of strings of amino acids.
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3:50 - 3:54And these micro-machines power how a cell moves.
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3:54 - 3:59They power how a cell replicates. They power our hearts.
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3:59 - 4:00They power our minds.
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4:01 - 4:04And so what we wanted to do was to figure out
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4:05 - 4:07how we could make this story into an animation
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4:08 - 4:11that would be the centerpiece of BioVisions at Harvard,
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4:12 - 4:16which is a website that Harvard has
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4:16 - 4:18for its molecular and cellular biology students
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4:18 - 4:22that will -- in addition to all the textual information,
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4:23 - 4:24in addition to all the didactic stuff --
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4:25 - 4:27put everything together visually, so that these students
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4:28 - 4:32would have an internalized view of what a cell really is
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4:32 - 4:36in all of its truth and beauty, and be able to study
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4:36 - 4:40with this view in mind, so that their imaginations would be sparked,
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4:40 - 4:42so that their passions would be sparked
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4:43 - 4:44and so that they would be able to go on
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4:45 - 4:49and use these visions in their head to make new discoveries
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4:49 - 4:52and to be able to find out, really, how life works.
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4:52 - 4:58So we set out by looking at how these molecules are put together.
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4:59 - 5:04We worked with a theme, which is, you've got macrophages
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5:05 - 5:06that are streaming down a capillary,
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5:07 - 5:09and they're touching the surface of the capillary wall,
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5:10 - 5:12and they're picking up information from cells
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5:12 - 5:16that are on the capillary wall, and they are given this information
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5:16 - 5:19that there's an inflammation somewhere outside,
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5:19 - 5:21where they can't see and sense.
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5:21 - 5:24But they get the information that causes them to stop,
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5:24 - 5:28causes them to internalize that they need to make
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5:28 - 5:32all of the various parts that will cause them to change their shape,
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5:33 - 5:37and try to get out of this capillary and find out what's going on.
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5:38 - 5:40So these molecular motors -- we had to work
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5:40 - 5:45with the Harvard scientists and databank models
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5:46 - 5:49of the atomically accurate molecules
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5:49 - 5:52and figure out how they moved, and figure out what they did.
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5:53 - 5:55And figure out how to do this in a way
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5:55 - 6:00that was truthful in that it imparted what was going on,
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6:01 - 6:06but not so truthful that the compact crowding in a cell
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6:06 - 6:09would prevent the vista from happening.
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6:09 - 6:13And so what I'm going to show you is a three-minute
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6:13 - 6:16Reader's Digest version of the first aspect of this film
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6:16 - 6:19that we produced. It's an ongoing project
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6:19 - 6:21that's going to go another four or five years.
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6:22 - 6:24And I want you to look at this
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6:24 - 6:28and see the paths that the cell manufactures --
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6:28 - 6:31these little walking machines, they're called kinesins --
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6:32 - 6:33that take these huge loads
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6:34 - 6:36that would challenge an ant in relative size.
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6:37 - 6:40Run the movie, please.
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6:41 - 6:44But these machines that power the inside of the cells
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6:44 - 6:48are really quite amazing, and they really are the basis of all life
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6:48 - 6:52because all of these machines interact with each other.
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6:53 - 6:54They pass information to each other.
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6:55 - 6:57They cause different things to happen inside the cell.
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6:58 - 7:01And the cell will actually manufacture the parts that it needs
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7:01 - 7:03on the fly, from information
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7:03 - 7:07that's brought from the nucleus by molecules that read the genes.
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7:08 - 7:12No life, from the smallest life to everybody here,
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7:13 - 7:15would be possible without these little micro-machines.
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7:16 - 7:19In fact, it would really, in the absence of these machines,
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7:20 - 7:22have made the attendance here, Chris, really quite sparse.
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7:22 - 7:26(Laughter)
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7:26 - 7:38(Music)
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7:38 - 7:40This is the FedEx delivery guy of the cell.
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7:42 - 7:43This little guy is called the kinesin,
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7:44 - 7:48and he pulls a sack that's full of brand new manufactured proteins
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7:48 - 7:50to wherever it's needed in the cell --
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7:50 - 7:53whether it's to a membrane, whether it's to an organelle,
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7:53 - 7:55whether it's to build something or repair something.
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7:55 - 7:59And each of us has about 100,000 of these things
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7:59 - 8:00running around, right now,
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8:01 - 8:04inside each one of your 100 trillion cells.
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8:04 - 8:06So no matter how lazy you feel,
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8:07 - 8:09you're not really intrinsically doing nothing.
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8:09 - 8:13(Laughter)
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8:13 - 8:15So what I want you to do when you go home
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8:15 - 8:18is think about this, and think about how powerful our cells are.
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8:19 - 8:20And think about some of the things
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8:20 - 8:24that we're learning about cellular mechanics.
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8:24 - 8:27Once we figure out all that's going on --
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8:27 - 8:30and believe me, we know almost a percent of what's going on --
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8:31 - 8:32once we figure out what's going on,
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8:32 - 8:35we're really going to be able to have a lot of control
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8:35 - 8:37over what we do with our health,
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8:37 - 8:40with what we do with future generations,
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8:40 - 8:41and how long we're going to live.
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8:42 - 8:44And hopefully we'll be able to use this
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8:44 - 8:47to discover more truth, and more beauty.
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8:47 - 9:01(Music)
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9:01 - 9:05But it's really quite amazing that these cells, these micro-machines,
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9:06 - 9:11are aware enough of what the cell needs that they do their bidding.
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9:11 - 9:15They work together. They make the cell do what it needs to do.
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9:15 - 9:21And their working together helps our bodies --
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9:21 - 9:25huge entities that they will never see -- function properly.
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9:26 - 9:27Enjoy the rest of the show. Thank you.
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9:27 - 9:29(Applause)
- Title:
- Visualizing the wonder of a living cell
- Speaker:
- David Bolinsky
- Description:
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Medical animator David Bolinsky presents three minutes of stunning animation that show the bustling life inside a cell.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 09:28
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