-
Not Synced
On behalf of our President
and CEO, Greg Case,
-
Not Synced
and chief marketing officer,
Phil Clement,
-
Not Synced
it's a real honor for Aon to be
the sponsor of this event today.
-
Not Synced
And for many of you,
you might know that Aon
-
Not Synced
is now a UK-based company,
but it's also important for you to know
-
Not Synced
that the Aon Foundation,
for the past 25 years,
-
Not Synced
has made it a priority to support
educational activities and
-
Not Synced
cultural institutions like
the Chicago Humanities Festival
-
Not Synced
and the Charter Humanist Circle,
that does so much to enrich
-
Not Synced
the lives of all of us in this room
and everybody in Chicago.
-
Not Synced
And even though we're now in the UK,
I want everybody in this room to know
-
Not Synced
that we intend to continue
this commitment,
-
Not Synced
and it will remain high on our
priority list for the things we do
-
Not Synced
to support the community of
Chicago for many years to come.
-
Not Synced
[applause]
-
Not Synced
On behalf of my colleagues
at Aon, I want to thank
-
Not Synced
the Charter Humanist Circle
and its members
-
Not Synced
for their very valuable support,
and I also want to thank
-
Not Synced
Northwestern University Law
School for allowing us to use
-
Not Synced
the auditorium today.
-
Not Synced
At Aon, we believe in the mantra
"If we can't measure it,
-
Not Synced
we don't do it."
-
Not Synced
And because of that,
it's a real honor for us
-
Not Synced
to be here supporting and
introducing Dr. Philip Kotler.
-
Not Synced
Dr. Kotler has defined marketing
as "the science and art
-
Not Synced
of exploring, creating, and
delivering value to satisfy
-
Not Synced
the needs of a target
market at a profit."
-
Not Synced
He is recognized around the world
as one of the foremost experts
-
Not Synced
on business, of marketing,
and for his insights on
-
Not Synced
how exemplary marketing has
the creativity and the power
-
Not Synced
to influence global
consumers every day.
-
Not Synced
In that spirit, I hope you'll join
me in welcoming Dr. Philip Kotler.
-
Not Synced
[applause]
-
Not Synced
Now before I turn the
microphone over to Dr. Kotler,
-
Not Synced
in the spirit of marketing, maybe
many of you in this room know
-
Not Synced
that Aon does a great many
things globally, but one of the things
-
Not Synced
that we've done that has created
tremendous brand awareness
-
Not Synced
for our firm is our sponsorship
of Manchester United football team,
-
Not Synced
which by today won 2 to 1
versus Arsenal
-
Not Synced
[applause]
-
Not Synced
We're at--
Right now we're
-
Not Synced
at the top of the
premiere league.
-
Not Synced
So in that spirit,
I would like to present
-
Not Synced
Dr. Kotler with his very own,
personalized Manchester United shirt.
-
Not Synced
[Kolter]: Thank you.
-
Not Synced
David, thank you very much.
-
Not Synced
And I will wear this,
in a fantasy way.
-
Not Synced
[laughter]
-
Not Synced
May I say, I really appreciate
your introduction.
-
Not Synced
Of all the introductions I've received,
yours is the most recent.
-
Not Synced
[laughter]
-
Not Synced
Nation, nation...
-
Not Synced
Oh, you may know of
Steven Colbert,
-
Not Synced
so I can't pull it off the same way.
-
Not Synced
There will be two groups,
with respect to marketing.
-
Not Synced
There will be a group that
doesn't like marketing,
-
Not Synced
and I'm going to give you
why they don't like marketing
-
Not Synced
and the justifications.
I will also tell you
-
Not Synced
there's another group who loves
marketing, so before we're through,
-
Not Synced
you will be totally confused,
or at least opinionated.
-
Not Synced
So, what I want to do is
tell you that--
-
Not Synced
These are called
confessions of a marketer.
-
Not Synced
That's, by the way, borrowed
from David Ogilvy,
-
Not Synced
who wrote a wonderful book called
"Confessions of an Advertising Man."
-
Not Synced
And let me move on and say
why is marketing a topic
-
Not Synced
for the humanities?
-
Not Synced
And we would say that
there's a couple of reasons.
-
Not Synced
One: I regard marketing
as a humanistic subject
-
Not Synced
because marketing has
affected our lifestyles;
-
Not Synced
has created, not only affected
a lifestyle, but created lifestyles,
-
Not Synced
and we should be, from a point
of view of popular interest,
-
Not Synced
interested in that.
-
Not Synced
And it really--
-
Not Synced
I want to say that marketing
is very American,
-
Not Synced
that it's beginnings are
very American.
-
Not Synced
That doesn't mean there weren't
manifestations of marketing earlier,
-
Not Synced
and as a matter of fact, I'd like
to give you a very short history
-
Not Synced
of marketing, so that you understand
what we mean by the word.
-
Not Synced
As a matter of fact, if you took a
dictionary, a Webster's dictionary,
-
Not Synced
in the year 1900, and looked up
the word marketing,
-
Not Synced
you would not find it in the dictionary.
-
Not Synced
Yes, you would find the word market,
but not the word marketing.
-
Not Synced
If you then picked a dictionary...
1910. You would find the word
-
Not Synced
marketing in it, because marketing
is about 100 years old.
-
Not Synced
And it's much more than selling.
So let me show you...
-
Not Synced
Let's start...
Let's start biblically.
-
Not Synced
[laughter]
Let's start biblically.
-
Not Synced
Who is the marketer
in this picture?
-
Not Synced
This is the biblical narrative.
Who was the first marketer in the world?
-
Not Synced
I hear Eve...
The snake.
-
Not Synced
I hate to admit it, because snake
sounds like sneaky, and so on
-
Not Synced
and so forth.
-
Not Synced
But the fact is that it was
the snake who sold Eve
-
Not Synced
on getting Adam to eat an apple.
So it goes way back.
-
Not Synced
At least selling goes way back.
Now let's go further.
-
Not Synced
Here is the father of marketing.
-
Not Synced
What an insult to him!
[laughter]
-
Not Synced
I mean, that's Aristotle.
-
Not Synced
Recently I was at a group,
little party, and we were speculating
-
Not Synced
who we would like to meet most
if we had an hour with such a person,
-
Not Synced
and it boiled down to Plato,
Socrates, or Aristotle.
-
Not Synced
That's a hard one.
-
Not Synced
It turns out that my vote
went for Aristotle.
-
Not Synced
Aristotle was Google, at the time.
He knew more about everything
-
Not Synced
than anyone in the world.
He wrote on science, politics,
-
Not Synced
economics, rhetoric, art,
and everything.
-
Not Synced
Now, why do I say that he had
some marketing impact?
-
Not Synced
Let me read the definition of rhetoric.
He's not the founder of rhetoric,
-
Not Synced
by the way. The founders were
the sophists, around 600 B.C.
-
Not Synced
They were a group who wanted to use
selling and speech and persuasion
-
Not Synced
for their own devious ends.
But Aristotle put the i--
-
Not Synced
the discipline of rhetoric on its feet.
-
Not Synced
Rhetoric is the art that aims to improve
the facility of speakers or writers
-
Not Synced
who attempt to inform, persuade,
or motivate particular audiences
-
Not Synced
in specific situations.
It is the faculty of the observing,
-
Not Synced
in any given case, the available
means of persuasion.
-
Not Synced
So, in a sense, he could be
the father of selling.
-
Not Synced
The idea of getting someone
to do something that they might
-
Not Synced
not have done otherwise.
So, let's move on,
-
Not Synced
about other manifestations of marketing.
I know many of you cannot necessarily
-
Not Synced
read this, so I will read it,
but the first department store
-
Not Synced
opened when, and in what country?
Normally if you're in France
-
Not Synced
and you ask the question,
they would say of course
-
Not Synced
we invented the department store.
It was about 1845.
-
Not Synced
The same time we invented
paperweights and some other things.
-
Not Synced
But it turns out that the first
department store was in Japan.
-
Not Synced
Mitsui company, which is still
alive and well.
-
Not Synced
So that's where one of our
retailing forms started.
-
Not Synced
The next one is the first
newspaper that carried an ad.
-
Not Synced
There were newspapers early,
but the first ad appeared in England,
-
Not Synced
in 1652, and it advertised coffee.
And then, the first ad agency
-
Not Synced
started a little later.
Well, much later.
-
Not Synced
N.W. Ayer, which is still a
prosperous advertising agency.
-
Not Synced
First time a brand was put on a
commodity, the commodity being soap,
-
Not Synced
the brand name was Pear's soap.
-
Not Synced
And then the first packaging
appeared a little later,
-
Not Synced
and finally we had a marketing
research department formed.
-
Not Synced
So, now the word markets
has been around all these years.
-
Not Synced
The Middle Ages had markets.
In fact, whenever--
-
Not Synced
I would even say the agora,
in ancient Greece--
-
Not Synced
that means the marketplace--
In ancient Greece,
-
Not Synced
people would come on a particular
day to sell things.
-
Not Synced
In the Middle Ages,
there were market days.
-
Not Synced
The word marketing wasn't there.
It was just market.
-
Not Synced
And trade was always there,
because trade, through history,
-
Not Synced
has taken place between people
and regions and countries.
-
Not Synced
So all that is there, and it was
in the decade of the 1900s
-
Not Synced
that marketing books first appeared.
And the interesting thing is
-
Not Synced
who wrote those first marketing books.
Were they sociologists?
-
Not Synced
What was the discipline of the people
who wrote the first marketing books?
-
Not Synced
Any guesses?
-
Not Synced
They weren't physicists or chemists.
-
Not Synced
They were economists.
-
Not Synced
So why would economists start
a subject called marketing?
-
Not Synced
And the answer is: they were
disillusioned economists.
-
Not Synced
[laughter]
-
Not Synced
They couldn't find any mention
of advertising in the discourse
-
Not Synced
of economists. In other words,
never did Adam Smith,
-
Not Synced
Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo,
even Alfred Marshall, and so on,
-
Not Synced
they rarely talked about other
forces that shaped demand.
-
Not Synced
The only force that shaped demand
in their mind was price.
-
Not Synced
You know the famous curve.
Raise the price, demand will go down,
-
Not Synced
lower the price, you can sell more.
Price was the only thing
-
Not Synced
that affected demand.
So these economists,
-
Not Synced
or institutional economists, said "Hey,
you've got to factor in advertising."
-
Not Synced
You've got to factor in retail stores,
whole sales, jobbers, agents.
-
Not Synced
And it was the neglect of
the classical economists
-
Not Synced
to not really texture the marketplace
and the way an economy worked
-
Not Synced
that led to marketing.
So marketing is technically
-
Not Synced
a branch of economics.
-
Not Synced
Now who helped developed
this field of marketing?
-
Not Synced
Now, probably you don't
recognize maybe anyone here.
-
Not Synced
There's one person you
might recognize.
-
Not Synced
I don't know if you can see
some of these faces,
-
Not Synced
but someone recognize anyone there?
-
Not Synced
Yeah?
-
Not Synced
Dale Carnegie.
Dale Carnegie is here,
-
Not Synced
and his book was "How to
Win Friends and Influence People,"
-
Not Synced
because in doing this,
I wanted to find out
-
Not Synced
who was the exemplar
of the selling method.
-
Not Synced
"How to Win Friends
and Influence People"
-
Not Synced
But let me give you the whole picture.
-
Not Synced
Ernest Dichter. Some of
you may know of.
-
Not Synced
He was a motivational psychologist,
and he could explain why people
-
Not Synced
didn't like to eat prunes, why cigars
were offending some people,
-
Not Synced
and all kinds of things.
And his book called
-
Not Synced
"The Study of Desire."
He apparently studied with
-
Not Synced
Sigmund Freud, and he brought
that kind of mind to marketing.
-
Not Synced
But he had an opponent named
Alfred Pollitz, who was not
-
Not Synced
a head shrinker--We call
him a... a nose counter.
-
Not Synced
The expressions we would use if
you were very psychological,
-
Not Synced
you were a head shrinker, and
otherwise, you were a nose counter.
-
Not Synced
Namely, a surveyor. You surveyed--
You found out what percentage
-
Not Synced
of people were of a certain age and
why did they buy a particular product.
-
Not Synced
Julius Rosenwald was very much
behind the formation of
-
Not Synced
the Sears company, which was
a important episode in
-
Not Synced
the development of our retail chains.
-
Not Synced
Lester Wunderman deserves
credit as exemplifying the use
-
Not Synced
of direct mail and catalogs.
That you can sell more directly.
-
Not Synced
You don't have to be in the store.
You can get people to order goods
-
Not Synced
by mail and phone.
-
Not Synced
David Ogilvy is the exemplar
advertising person,
-
Not Synced
then Stanley Marcus,
of Neiman Marcus,
-
Not Synced
was a fella who could walk into
any retail store and give them
-
Not Synced
100 suggestions on how to improve
the layout, the size of the aisles,
-
Not Synced
and make a difference in the
voulme of business.
-
Not Synced
Edward Bernays is the father of
public relations in the United States.
-
Not Synced
His name has sort of become
obscure, but he really was
-
Not Synced
a very important person.
The word propaganda
-
Not Synced
was often used in connection with his
work, because people thought it was
-
Not Synced
a model to motivate you to feel
a certain way about anything,
-
Not Synced
regardless of the standards involved.
And then there's Dale Carnegie.
-
Not Synced
In any case, how did
marketing get its start?
-
Not Synced
Marketing got its start
in sales departments.
-
Not Synced
Every company has a sales group.
And the sales people really want
-
Not Synced
to be in the office of a customer,
because that's the only way
-
Not Synced
something happens. So they don't
want to do a lot of homework.
-
Not Synced
For example, three things they
didn't want to do.
-
Not Synced
They didn't want to do consumer
research in a systematic way,
-
Not Synced
because that's taking their time
away from selling to customers.
-
Not Synced
Secondly, they would've liked
someone else to find leads.
-
Not Synced
Now a lead means a prospect.
In fact, we distinguish between
-
Not Synced
a hot lead: "Oh boy, he's ready
to buy. He even called us to buy."
-
Not Synced
a warm lead, a cold lead, so on.
Someone else should do that
-
Not Synced
for the sales people, so they don't
waste their time making calls.
-
Not Synced
And the third thing was
someone had to prepare
-
Not Synced
brochures and ads. And the
salesman is not skilled.
-
Not Synced
The salesperson isn't skilled at
communicating through advertising
-
Not Synced
and brochures. So sales departments
added three people, or hired them
-
Not Synced
from time to time.
Later on, it exploded
-
Not Synced
to the day today, when we have
multinationals running--
-
Not Synced
with marketing--
In other words, marketing--
-
Not Synced
Those three people split from sales
and became big enough to become
-
Not Synced
its own department.
And so, some people
-
Not Synced
in the audience here may be
a chief marketing officer.
-
Not Synced
The old name was Vice President
of marketing, but I like the name
-
Not Synced
chief marketing officer because
that person now is part of
-
Not Synced
the chief officers. Chief information
officer, chief financial officer,
-
Not Synced
chief innovation officer,
and the status has moved up.
-
Not Synced
Some of you may be brand managers,
may have been in your past experience.
-
Not Synced
Category managers, market
segment managers,
-
Not Synced
managing distribution channels,
like retail or wholesale things,
-
Not Synced
pricing manager, communication
manager, database manager,
-
Not Synced
direct marketers, internet
people, and so on.
-
Not Synced
So, marketing is well-established.
-
Not Synced
Now, the character of a marketing
department depends very much
-
Not Synced
on what the CEO thinks of marketing.
-
Not Synced
So, the 1P CEO is a person
who took over a company,
-
Not Synced
and he says, "I don't like
marketing, but I know I need it,
-
Not Synced
and all I want from marketing is
some communications.
-
Not Synced
I just want someone to broadcast
and promote us."
-
Not Synced
So, that person is missing
a lot of other things
-
Not Synced
made up by other CEOs,
who are 4P CEOs.
-
Not Synced
Now a 4P CEO says,
"I need a marketing plan."
-
Not Synced
And the plan has to mention
product--that's the first P.
-
Not Synced
What about our product? What's good
about it? What are the features?
-
Not Synced
Price: what should it be priced at?
Place: where should it be
-
Not Synced
made accessible? Online,
offline, in stores?
-
Not Synced
And finally promotion.
-
Not Synced
So that's a more educated view
of the potential of marketing.
-
Not Synced
But there's even a better view,
and that's called the CEO who says,
-
Not Synced
"No! I don't want to start with 4 Ps,
I want to start with the fact
-
Not Synced
the market is complex."
There's a lot of segments.
-
Not Synced
Each segment deserves its own plan.
In fact, one thing we've learned
-
Not Synced
that if you just have one value
proposition for the whole market,
-
Not Synced
it really doesn't trigger anything
in many parts of the market.
-
Not Synced
So that CEO says, "What
segment should we go after?
-
Not Synced
And what position should we
take with each segment?
-
Not Synced
What should we say about ourselves,
in how we can satisfy their needs?"
-
Not Synced
Now there's even a higher type CEO,
which is exemplified by A.G. Lafley,
-
Not Synced
who ran Procter & Gamble,
who recently retired.
-
Not Synced
When you ask A.G. Lafley what's
marketing, what's your picture,
-
Not Synced
he says, "Well, what do you mean?
Marketing is everything."
-
Not Synced
[laughter]
-
Not Synced
Now, marketing is everything.
What he means is
-
Not Synced
everything starts with the customer.
No customers, no business.
-
Not Synced
And I think he's making
that point very much.
-
Not Synced
Now, moving on, there's a lot of things
that a chief marketing officer does,
-
Not Synced
and I won't go into any detail,
but there's a lot of tasks,
-
Not Synced
and the sad fact is that sometimes
the chief marketing officer only lasts
-
Not Synced
on the average of two years.
In other words, does a job,
-
Not Synced
and maybe the CEO is not feeling that
it really brought in enough new business
-
Not Synced
that the cost of the CMO exceeds
what the value of the CMO is.
-
Not Synced
There's a lot to go into about
why CMOs on the average
-
Not Synced
hold on to their job for two years.
By the way, some of them
-
Not Synced
get a better job after two years.
They become something higher
-
Not Synced
than the chief marketing officer.
Some of them actually are pirated away
-
Not Synced
because they're so good, they go
to another company to be the CEO.
-
Not Synced
But in any case, marketing--
commercial marketing,
-
Not Synced
which I've been talking about,
could've stayed only commercial,
-
Not Synced
and then I got involved in--
with Professor Sid Levy at Northwestern
-
Not Synced
We started the idea of
broadening marketing,
-
Not Synced
because the set of tools that we use
to address consumers could be used
-
Not Synced
in other areas.
So we have a thing
-
Not Synced
called place marketing.
I will get a call from a city, let's say,
-
Not Synced
and a city says, "We're not getting
enough tourists. We don't have
-
Not Synced
any attractions for them to come
and see. I would like to get a factory
-
Not Synced
located here. We would like some digital
people to move here, who know digital--
-
Not Synced
We want to start a Silicon Valley."
So that's place marketing.
-
Not Synced
The marketing of a place. How do you
dress it up and make it attractive?
-
Not Synced
Against all of the other
competitive places.
-
Not Synced
The second--
Person marketing.
-
Not Synced
There's an agency called William Morris,
and a young singer might go to
-
Not Synced
William Morris and say, "look, I want
to get ahead. I want to appear
-
Not Synced
on Jay Leno's show. I want to--
I want to move up to being noticed.
-
Not Synced
I want high visibility."
I wrote a book with the title
-
Not Synced
"High Visibility." How do you
get that visibility.
-
Not Synced
So, William Morris will look
at her and her performance
-
Not Synced
and maybe say, "You know,
maybe in a sense--
-
Not Synced
Don't be offended, but we can
make you into a better product."
-
Not Synced
That's sort of the language.
You know, do your hair differently,
-
Not Synced
walk a little-- dress differently.
Actually, we're going to use you to
-
Not Synced
reignite the archetype of Joan Baez.
You know, Joan Baez, the folk singer.
-
Not Synced
Well, we need a new Joan Baez.
And so, we can recast you
-
Not Synced
and form you into the kind of
person we all miss, and so on.
-
Not Synced
Now, social marketing is
another branch.
-
Not Synced
Today there are 2,000 social marketers
around the world, trying to help people
-
Not Synced
eat better, exercise more, say no
to drugs, stop smoking cigar--
-
Not Synced
get off of tobacco, say no to
a number of things.
-
Not Synced
Positive behaviors and
negative behaviors.
-
Not Synced
By the way, my memory is that
Sweden was one of the first countries
-
Not Synced
to want to raise a nation of nonsmokers,
non-drinkers, all the vices.
-
Not Synced
And it starts at the primary school level,
that you could technically raise people
-
Not Synced
to avoid those vices, if that was
thought to be good public policy.
-
Not Synced
So that's social marketing.
Now, political marketing,
-
Not Synced
we're saturated with.
And I think it's degenerated,
-
Not Synced
but that's another thing.
Fundraising is part of marketing.
-
Not Synced
I mean, fundraising is an odd form,
because you're not exchanging.
-
Not Synced
Everything else is sort of an exchange
of values. Fundraising seems to be
-
Not Synced
a one-way transfer.
Here's some money
-
Not Synced
for the museum.
But any fundraiser knows
-
Not Synced
there's something that should come
back to the person who is the donor
-
Not Synced
and supporter of a museum,
and working that way is important.
-
Not Synced
So these are offshoots.
Now all of us do marketing.
-
Not Synced
If you read the list, we all do marketing.
Did you ever compete for a job when
-
Not Synced
you knew there were other applicants?
Didn't you dress up as well as you could
-
Not Synced
and even prepare what you're
going to say, and so on?
-
Not Synced
Did you compete for a desirable
apartment which was scarce?
-
Not Synced
Or a member of the opposite sex,
if you wanted to court someone.
-
Not Synced
So, in a sense, we're human animals
who know how to make an impression
-
Not Synced
and market ourselves, to some extent.
-
Not Synced
What do we dislike about marketing?
-
Not Synced
Well, there's a long list.
It's a rather long list.
-
Not Synced
Intrusion, interruption, exaggeration,
and so on and so forth.
-
Not Synced
And I really made a list that's
a little separate from that.
-
Not Synced
Here are some of the criticisms.
Marketers get consumers to want
-
Not Synced
and spend more than they can afford.
-
Not Synced
And we know that from the financial
disaster that people were buying homes
-
Not Synced
with maybe nothing down.
Marketers are skilled at
-
Not Synced
creating grand differentiation
where it shouldn't exist.
-
Not Synced
Like with commodities, you know, a
chicken is a chicken, cement is cement.
-
Not Synced
So they spend a lot of time trying to
tell you their cement is really better,
-
Not Synced
their salt is really better, and so on.
Marketers want to produce and sell
-
Not Synced
more goods without considering
the resource and environmental costs
-
Not Synced
of producing the goods.
The planet Earth is affected
-
Not Synced
by the amount of production
and the care with which it's done.
-
Not Synced
Marketers had not paid enough
attention to product safety.
-
Not Synced
We know that because Ralph Nader
made his career, basically, car--
-
Not Synced
the unsafety in cars, and then
we got lead poisoning,
-
Not Synced
we got asbestos problems,
and so on.
-
Not Synced
Here's a serious criticism. Marketers--
and this is not all marketers--
-
Not Synced
these are some particular
companies, and so on.
-
Not Synced
Marketers favor giving the public what it
wants, whether its good or not for them.
-
Not Synced
Sure, I'll sell you cigarettes. I'll sell
you anything that will make money.
-
Not Synced
Therefore marketing promotes
a materialistic mindset,
-
Not Synced
that-- we get turned on to
more of a materialistic world,
-
Not Synced
a world of ever-changing products and
services and keeping up with the Jones
-
Not Synced
and some of that.
-
Not Synced
Marketers rarely talk about
sane consumption.
-
Not Synced
Yeah, some beer companies say,
"Please enjoy our beer, but don't
-
Not Synced
drink too much." That's nice that they--
No one listens to that, and you still
-
Not Synced
have binge-drinking, but they're
trying to do what they can
-
Not Synced
and so on and so forth.
Now, let me just say
-
Not Synced
there's another side.
This is important too,
-
Not Synced
because it's not a simple picture.
The other side of it is
-
Not Synced
Marketing has undoubtedly
raised the standard of living
-
Not Synced
in the United States.
People don't naturally
-
Not Synced
buy new things. In other words,
do you know, people used to keep
-
Not Synced
their refrigerators, which
weren't refrigerators at the time,
-
Not Synced
they were ice boxes and they would
keep going out and getting some ice
-
Not Synced
and putting it in the box, and so on.
And even the washing machines
-
Not Synced
were very slow to take--
In other words, people--
-
Not Synced
It would be very expensive to
buy a new appliance,
-
Not Synced
but marketers persisted in saying
your life will be better with
-
Not Synced
new appliances, and
that's one of its jobs.
-
Not Synced
I would even go so far as to say
that marketing is so connected
-
Not Synced
to the idea of the middle class.
We're talking about preserving
-
Not Synced
and building the middle class,
and the lifestyle that goes with it,
-
Not Synced
and marketing is an essential
definer of what it is to be--and want--
-
Not Synced
what it is to want, as a member
of the middle class.
-
Not Synced
Marketing in the form of social
marketing has helped improve
-
Not Synced
a lot of things. You know,
one of the first causes
-
Not Synced
that marketing turned to was
the environment and waste
-
Not Synced
and the ill-effects of some
products, and so on.
-
Not Synced
Preserving the environment
was one of the first things that
-
Not Synced
social marketers got into.
-
Not Synced
Now they're into obesity as a problem,
littering as a problem,
-
Not Synced
and other problems.
-
Not Synced
Marketing is very important
to the cultural world.
-
Not Synced
Museums, performing arts,
and one of the big problems
-
Not Synced
that cultural institutions are facing,
especially in the performing arts,
-
Not Synced
is the aging of audiences.
How do you get people
-
Not Synced
who are in their forties to go to opera,
to go to ballet, and so on.
-
Not Synced
It's called the graying of the audiences,
and maybe that problem has
-
Not Synced
been with us for a long time,
but marketers are at work
-
Not Synced
doing segmentation, targeting,
positioning, in order to
-
Not Synced
make sure that all seats are filled
in the theater, and also the museums
-
Not Synced
are very busy, as marketing institutions,
because they have to get visitors,
-
Not Synced
they have to get donors, they have to
get government grants,
-
Not Synced
so marketing is almost an intrinsic
function today that's going on.
-
Not Synced
But let me--
-
Not Synced
This is not time to take a vote.
Do you like marketing
-
Not Synced
or you don't like marketing.
But let me show you that
-
Not Synced
the feeling-- the negative feelings about
marketing came up from these people.
-
Not Synced
The attackers. They attacked marketing.
Do you recognize anyone?
-
Not Synced
You see Ralph Nader? I don't...
There he is. Yeah.
-
Not Synced
Who else?
-
Not Synced
Well, it is Ralph Nader.
"Unsafe at Any Speed."
-
Not Synced
Rachel Carson, by the way,
deserves so much more credit
-
Not Synced
than we've given to her for her book
on the Silent Spring, which was about
-
Not Synced
the chemical pollution, the pesticides
that were getting into our spring water,
-
Not Synced
and so on. Vance Packard,
who popularized the idea
-
Not Synced
that we are hidden persuaders.
That when you go into a movie theater,
-
Not Synced
you don't know this but an ad is sort of
flashing to go and get some popcorn
-
Not Synced
before you sit down.
Subliminal advertising,
-
Not Synced
which never did happen,
but the hidden persuaders.
-
Not Synced
And then John Kenneth Galbraith,
who pointed out that while we spend
-
Not Synced
so much money in making enough
deodorants for any type of interest
-
Not Synced
you have in deodorants,
in the public sector--
-
Not Synced
In the public sector, you've got
streets that are littered,
-
Not Synced
and there's some garbage,
and there's slow traffic, and--
-
Not Synced
And so we have a good private sector,
but we can't enjoy it because
-
Not Synced
the public sector doesn't have the
public good that would facilitate things.
-
Not Synced
You've got Naomi Klein,
who's probably the prototype
-
Not Synced
person now for attacking branding.
Brands, brands, they're awful.
-
Not Synced
You're paying more than
you need to pay.
-
Not Synced
The book is called "No Logo,"
logo being another name for brand.
-
Not Synced
And Michael Sandel is-- has this
new book out, which is really interesting
-
Not Synced
and worth reading. He's the fella
who ran a course on justice,
-
Not Synced
and would ask groups about this size
at Harvard, "What is the just thing to do
-
Not Synced
in each situation?"
But his new book is called
-
Not Synced
"What Money Can't Buy:
The Moral Limits of Marketing"
-
Not Synced
where he points out that
if you're in jail in California
-
Not Synced
and you don't like the cell,
you can pay for a better cell.
-
Not Synced
You know, maybe one with a computer
if you want a computer, and so on.
-
Not Synced
But he's also-- he thinks today
our culture divides people
-
Not Synced
in social classes more clearly.
We used to go to ball games;
-
Not Synced
I would sit next to someone who was
rich and someone who was poor.
-
Not Synced
We'd all stand in the
same line for hot dogs.
-
Not Synced
Today, the guys who are rich
are up in the sky box,
-
Not Synced
and he calls it the sky box-ification of
the United States. The sky box-ification.
-
Not Synced
They're eating filet mignon and
we peasants are down there having--
-
Not Synced
standing in line for our hot dog.
So we are not meeting each other
-
Not Synced
as we used to, in the older days.
It's a very interesting treatment.
-
Not Synced
I like to quote Will Rogers with this
remark: "If advertisers spent
-
Not Synced
the same amount of money that they--
on improving the product
-
Not Synced
as they do on advertising, they wouldn't
have to advertise it. And that's--
-
Not Synced
By the way, that's a very profound
observation, because in the age
-
Not Synced
of the internet, it's so much easier
to talk about a product you like
-
Not Synced
to others and also about
a product you don't like.
-
Not Synced
And in a sense, if this goes far enough,
there will be no bad companies
-
Not Synced
anymore. It would be not possible
for a company to be a bad company,
-
Not Synced
because the word
of mouth will sink it.
-
Not Synced
So he's sort of touching on that point.
Make-- Do a good job, and don't--
-
Not Synced
and others will advertise
the good job you did.
-
Not Synced
Now, I want to add another group,
and this is a group of visionaries,
-
Not Synced
and I'd like to call them
our best marketers.
-
Not Synced
But they're not necessarily the
chief marketing officer,
-
Not Synced
they're CEOs. But what--
Their contribution has been
-
Not Synced
the kind you want from your
chief marketing officers.
-
Not Synced
So who do you see here?
Do you know any of those people?
-
Not Synced
[audience murmuring]
-
Not Synced
Yeah. You've got to know some of
them. But you probably don't know
-
Not Synced
the first one. Ingvar Kamprad.
It's very even hard to remember
-
Not Synced
his name, but he's that Swedish
person who invented IKEA,
-
Not Synced
who said, "I must bring down the cost
of furniture, and I can do that by
-
Not Synced
taking the air out of it and just
selling knocked down furniture,
-
Not Synced
and now people can afford to have
some nice things in their home.
-
Not Synced
Richard Branson is phenomenal.