-
Horizon tells the story why a baby boy was brought up as a girl
-
with tragic consequences.
-
(Piano Music)
-
Narrator: This is the story of a boy, whose penis was burned off.
-
(Piano Music)
-
As a result, David Reimer was raised as a girl for the first fourteen years of his life.
-
Janet: She looked feminine in the face, so I grew her hair long.
-
She was very pretty.
-
I made her the fanciest dresses of any of the girls in the school.
-
Narrator: It is also the story of the psychologist, who treated him.
-
A man with a radical theory of what makes us male and female; masculine and feminine.
-
Professor Green: He's brilliant.
-
I think John is a brilliant man.
-
I think he is among the handful of the most brilliant people I've ever met.
-
Narrator: Together, they helped form one of the most famous theories
-
in the history of modern psychology.
-
That a boy--any boy--could be raised as a girl.
-
But, the experiment went terribly wrong.
-
David: I was told: I was a girl.
-
I didn't like dressing like a girl.
-
I didn't behaving like a girl. I didn't like acting like a girl.
-
I'm not a professor, but you don't wake up one morning
-
deciding that you're a boy or a girl, you just know.
-
Narrator: In the end, the scientist's reputation
-
would be shattered and David Reimer and
-
his twin brother would die tragically.
-
Tonight, Horizon tells a cautionary tale about how science,
-
in a bid to prove a beautiful theory,
-
can at times ignore the ugly facts.
-
A dreadful human cost.
-
(Music)
-
Narrator: On May 4, 2004, 38 year-old,
-
David Reimer drove into a supermarket car park.
-
Janet: At 10:30 at night, the police came to the door.
-
And I think I was screaming, "No, no, no..."
-
Narrator: As he sat in his car, he put a shotgun to his head
-
and pulled the trigger.
-
Janet: Then, they asked us to sit down
-
and they said they had some bad news.
-
That David was dead.
-
And,
-
I just cried.
-
Narrator: David's death was a shocking close to
-
one of the most extraordinary sagas in modern science.
-
Born a boy, he had been turned into a girl, called Brenda.
-
But, when she was 14, she changed herself back into a man and later married,
-
and raised a family.
-
David's suicide was more than just a human tragedy.
-
It was; also, a devastating blow to the reputation of a psychologist,
-
who's groundbreaking research on David,
-
had influenced a whole generation of scientists.
-
Because, some say, that it was his unflinching belief in his theories
-
that may have, ultimately have lead to David's death.
-
(Music)
-
Horizon has been following the story of David Reimer for years.
-
It all began on the 22 of August 1965. In Winnepeg, Canada.
-
For it was then, that Janet Reimer was granted her dearest wish.
-
Janet: I was so proud.
-
I was so pleased.
-
You know, when I was a little girl, I used to dream about having twins and
-
I always thought I would never be lucky enough to have twins.
-
I wasn't the lucky kind.
-
Narrator: Janet gave birth to two twin boys, Bruce and Brian.
-
All went well, until the boys went for a routine circumcision operation,
-
when they were seven months old.
-
On the 27 of April 1966, Bruce was operated on before his brother, Brian.
-
Janet: When we first heard that there had been an accident,
-
we thought, "what kind of accident could there be?"
-
But, we went to the hospital, not suspecting a thing. They wouldn't tell us
-
anything over the telephone.
-
And then, the doctor told us there has been a slight accident.
-
The penis has been burnt off from circumcision.
-
And I could not comprehend what he was talking about,
-
because I thought they were going to use a knife.
-
I didn't know there was electricity involved.
-
Narrator: The electrical equipment had malfunctioned.
-
and burned off Baby Bruce's entire penis.
-
Brian was not operated on.
-
Janet: It was like a little, burnt piece of string. Right up to the crotch was burned off.
-
I said, "Oh my God. What are we going to do now? Boys put such great store in their penises."
-
He doesn't have one.
-
Narrator: Janet and her husband, Ron didn't know where to turn.
-
At the time, plastic surgery wasn't advanced enough to help Bruce Reimer.
-
Man: Only a few weeks ago, John's Hopkins in Baltimore annouced that it was opening a Gender Identity Clinic, for people who wish to change their sex.
-
Then, several months later, the Reimer family saw something on television that make them feel hopeful
-
for the first time since the accident.
-
Dr. John Money, originally from New Zealand, was a pioneer in the astonishing new field of sex change surgery.
-
Man: Dr. Money, it's still a pretty drastic procedure, isn't it?
-
Dr. Money: Well, it is a drastic procedure by your standards and mine.
-
Janet: Dr. Money was on there.
-
He was very charismatic.
-
He seemed highly intelligent and very confident of what he was saying.
-
Dr. Money had brought a transsexual with him. A man who had been changed into a woman.
-
Janet: The transsexual certainly made an impact.
-
Because she was a very feminine-seeming woman.
-
And I thought, here's our answer.
-
Here is our salvation. Here is our hope.
-
Narrator: Janet wrote to Dr. Money after the show ended. He replied promptly.
-
When they met, Dr. Money suggested that the Reimers could change their baby son into a baby girl.
-
It looked as if Ron and Janet had solved the problem.
-
But, it wasn't just that Dr. Money was the answer to the Reimer's prayers,
-
they were the answer to his.
-
(Music)
-
Narrator: Dr. Money had developed a radical new theory about nature versus nurture.
-
And how these twin forces effect whether we think of ourselves as a girl or a boy.
-
He thought that while genes are important,
-
as far as gender is concerned, a baby is essential neutral for the first two years of life.
-
During these critical two years,
-
the child's upbringing, how it is nurtured,
-
will determine whether it feels masculine or feminine.
-
(Music)
-
Dr. Money had developed this theory in his research with hermaphrodites.
-
People now known as intersexed, who are physically both male and female.
-
Dr. Money: I have some very fascinating pairs of cases that have taught me a lot. Of course who have taught other people a lot, indirectly, too.
-
Narrator: But intersexed children are not necessarily the same as other children.
-
They receive different amounts of hormones in the womb, so some argued that Dr. Money's hypothesis might not be true for all children.
-
To prove that nurture is more important than nature, would require an extraordinary experiment.
-
Dr. Money needed two ordinary boys. One would be raised as a girl. The other would remain a boy.
-
Dr. Money now had the perfect opportunity.
-
The Reimer twins.
-
Professor Richard Green was one of Dr. Money's students.
-
Professor Green: This was an opportunity to apply what was learned about intersexed children
-
to a child who was not intersexed at birth,
-
but who had a traumatic loss of a major variable contributing
-
to whether you were a male or female--the penis.
-
On July 3, 1967, when Bruce Reimer was almost two,
-
he was castrated by a surgeon at John's Hopkins Medical Hospital.
-
Without his testicles, Bruce could no longer produce male hormones.
-
The surgeon, also created a rudimentary vulva for him.
-
Janet: It made sense at the time,
-
that he became a daughter.
-
Maybe it is a matter of nurture or nature.
-
And I thought,
-
if it was simply a matter of nurture,
-
I could nurture my child into being feminine.
-
Narrator: As Dr. Money suggested, the Reimer's changed Bruce's name to Brenda.
-
And dressed her as a girl.
-
Dr. Money, also gave Janet and Ron very strict instructions.
-
He said that if they ever revealed the truth to their daughter,
-
the sex change would fail.
-
Janet: John Money's advice to us was,
-
"don't let her think that she was ever a boy.
-
Keep that secret."
-
(Music)
-
Narrator: Brenda, as Bruce was now called, grew up to be a very pretty little girl.
-
Janet: I dressed Brenda as a girl,
-
I tried to interest her in feminine pursuits,
-
such as playing with dolls, helping me make cookies, wearing makeup.
-
All those things that girls do.
-
Narrator: Janet wrote to Dr. Money of Brenda's progress.
-
And once a year, the Reimers visited the psychologist.
-
This is dramatic reconstruction of an interview of Dr. Money and the twins, when they were six years old.
-
Horizon has used the original transcripts of these interviews.
-
This is what really happened.
-
And these are the actual words that Dr. Money and the children used.
-
In this session, Dr. Money's theory seemed to be working.
-
Doctor: "Tell me, which one of you is the boss?"
-
Girl: "Brian's the boss, because he is a boy."
-
Doctor: "Brian, are you the boss?"
-
Boy: "I don't know."
-
Doctor: "When boys start to fight, do you fight back or do you run away?"
-
Boy: "I fight back."
-
Doctor: "I guess Brenda fights back, too sometimes.
-
Do you, Brenda?"
-
Girl: "No, because I'm a girl."
-
Doctor: "You're a girl?!"
-
Girl: "I'm not a boy. Girls don't fight back. Do they?"
-
Boy: "Girls can't hit very hard, but boys can."
-
Narrator: In 1972, when Brenda Reimer was seven years old,
-
Dr. Money announced to the world how successful his theory was.
-
That a boy, if given the correct upbringing, could be turned into a girl.
-
Doctor Money: "The behavior of a little girl is a remarkable contrast to the little boy behavior of her identical twin brother...."
-
Narrator: Dr. Money's book, "Man and Boy, Woman and Girl," was reviewed all over the world.
-
"The girl wanted and received for Christmas: dolls, a doll house, and a doll carriage.
-
Clearly related to the maternal aspect of the female adult role."
-
(Music)
-
Narrator: Dr. Money's idea became known as, "The Theory of Gender Neutrality."
-
It seemed to proof one of the great issues in science.
-
As far as gender identity was concerned, nurture was improtant than nature.
-
Dr. Money: It makes it very exciting, don't you think,
-
to live in an age of the discovery of human personality this way.
-
Narrator: But back in Canada,
-
the Reimer family were unaware that Dr. Money
-
was triumphantly describing their daughter's sex change as a success.
-
Life was rather different for the Reimers.
-
Brenda was behaving in a distinctly masculine manner.
-
Janet: I had doubts all the time,
-
because it was just so obvious to everyone--not just to me.
-
that she was masculine.
-
David: I had a sewing machine. A toy sewing machine.
-
I had Barbie dolls, clothing...
-
but, my brother was very generous.
-
He would let me borrow his toys and we would play together.
-
Because he knew how unhappy I was,
-
so he let me play with his toys.
-
(Music)
-
Even at this early stage, it was clear that the case was not working as well as Dr. Money had claimed.
-
Some argue that Dr. Money only published the positive results, to make it look as though his theory was true.
-
Others disagree.
-
Professor Green: At the time that John reported the initial reports on how the twins were faring,
-
I believe that they were based on interviews and observations that John had made.
-
And that they, at the time, were accurate.
-
However, Dr. Money's original transcripts,
-
show that as early as 1970,
-
even before he publicized Brenda's case as a success,
-
he was aware that there could be some problems.
-
Dr. Money: From this evidence and others,
-
I would say that there is not much chance
-
of talking this girl into a change of mind.
-
This negativism is the most extreme she displayed on this visit.
-
Last time, she was almost maniacal in the way she hit, kicked,
-
and otherwise attacked people, altogether, in a playful manner.
-
(Music)
-
According to Dr. Money's theory,
-
that it is possible to raise a boy as a girl,
-
Brenda needed to believe that she was female.
-
So, the year after his book was published, Dr. Money tried to make her accept her new gender
-
by focusing on the diference between a girl's and a boy's genitalia.
-
He began by asking her a series of intimate questions.
-
Doctor: "Now I've go a good question for you."
-
Child: "What?"
-
Doctor: "How do you tell the difference between a boy and a girl?"
-
Child: "Well, a girl has long hair and a boy has short hair."
-
Doctor: "What if I have short hair and you have short hair?"
-
Child: "Well, I have a dress on and you have pants."
-
Doctor: "I guess that would be a way, but there is another way."
-
Child: "What?"
-
Doctor: "Take their clothes off."
-
Doctor: "What about a baby when it has no clothes on?
-
How can you tell whether it is a boy or a girl?"
-
Child: "I don't know."
-
Doctor: "Well, I'll help you.
-
Have a look down here, between the legs. Right?
-
How is a girl and how is a boy down there? What is the difference?"
-
Child: Mumbles
-
Doctor: "A boy has a penis for peeing through,
-
like a little sausage, huh?
-
What does a girl have?"
-
Child: "I don't know."
-
Doctor: "She has it flat. A boy doesn't have that.
-
They're both different.
-
They're both different."
-
David: The type of questions that we were asked
-
were sexual in nature.
-
To the point where it would make me blush.
-
If I would think of talking that way to my son, I would be very embarassed.
-
It was very explicit about the sexual parts.
-
Narrator: There is no doubt that Brenda found Dr. Money's approach distressing.
-
But, his supporters argued that focusing on genitalia was a scientifially correct procedure at the time.
-
Professor Green: This is a very important issue with children.
-
To know whether they are boys or girls,
-
or are male or female, by the appearance of their genitalia.
-
This is the insignia, if you will, that distinguishes boys and girls and is very commonly used, clinically.
-
Certainly, I do as well.
-
(Music)
-
To try and make Brenda understand that she was a girl,
-
Dr. Money showed her a book called Two Births.
-
It contained explicit photos of women giving birth.
-
And was clearly shocking for a young child.
-
David: I thought he was perverted. I thought he was as sick man.
-
My parents didn't know a lot that was going on.
-
and if they'd known, it would never have happened.
-
With Brenda still resisting her female gender,
-
Dr. Money, then had to adopt a more extreme approach.
-
He thought that the only way he could get Brenda to accept a feminine identity
-
would be if her rudimentary vulva looked more like a normal girl's genitalia.
-
He, therefore, tried to persuade her to have a vagina constructed.
-
Brenda; however, was clearly uncomfortable with the idea of having surgery.
-
Doctor: "And that reminds me of something else I wanted to tell you about.
-
You know, really, the way you were made that way,
-
you're not exactly the same as other girls.
-
Well, I have a message for you about that.
-
Here at the hospital we can fix it up and make it look like it's supposed to look.
-
Fix it up so, that when you sit down to pee,
-
it goes straight down the bowl, instead of splashing.
-
How old would you be when you're ready for that?"
-
Child: "I don't know."
-
Doctor: "How old are you now?"
-
Child: "Seven."
-
Doctor: Well, maybe, if you feel okay by the time you're 8 years old,
-
we can let the doctor in the white coat have a look down there.
-
He's the one who can do the operation to fix it up.
-
Last year, a man had a look down there.
-
Maybe next year, it will be okay to let the other doctor have a look down there.
-
And let him fix it up."
-
Child: "I wouldn't do that."
-
Doctor: "You don't have to, if you don't want to."
-
When would be a good age for the operation?"
-
Child: "13"
-
Doctor: "13?" Laughs
-
We'll see about that. It might be a bit late."
-
Although the theory around the operation made sense,
-
Brenda was horrified at the prospect.
-
David: I was scared to death.
-
I figured I was perfectly fine.
-
My heart was fine, there was nothing wrong with my kidneys.
-
What do I need surgery for?
-
I thought deep-down inside that if I went through this surgery,
-
it would change me, somehow, for the worst.
-
It seems that Dr. Money may have felt that time was running out.
-
If Brenda did not feel female, his theory: that a boy can be raised as a girl would fail.
-
It is alleged, that he now resorted to drastic measures.
-
Doctor: Now--how do you tell the difference between a girl and a boy?
-
Narrator: This is the one part of the film, not based on existing transcriptions.
-
And it is not clear precisely when this interview may have taken place.
-
It is based on accounts given by the twins, who were both present.
-
Doctor: Now, take your clothes off.
-
Child: No
-
Doctor: Take your clothes off.
-
Child: No
-
Doctor: I want to make you understand what I'm getting at.
-
Now take your clothes off.
-
Child: No!
-
Doctor: Move! Come on!
-
Move!
-
Take your clothes off now!
-
Good.
-
Now, what's the difference?
-
Look down there.
-
What does Brian have?
-
A penis, right?
-
And what do you have?
-
Child: Flat. It's flat.
-
Doctor: That's right. That's how you know you're a girl.
-
Stay there.
-
I'm going to take a couple of photographs.
-
Don't move.
-
David: When my folks weren't around, we did what we were told.
-
If we didn't, we got yelled at to the point
-
that we thought we were going to get backhanded.
-
If we were told to take our clothes off,
-
well, eventually we took our clothes off and sat on the couch.
-
Had photos of us taken.
-
Narrator: If this incident took place,
-
it may have been reported in files that Dr. Money
-
gave to the Kinsey Institute and,
-
which he will not allow to be released.
-
David: I have two years of my files that are buried and those are
-
the same files where I was on the couch,
-
nude, getting photographed into positions.
-
So, he can sit there and paint himself all rosie all he wants.
-
I know better.
-
Narrator: If Dr. Money did indeed behave like this, the family were unaware.
-
The twins only revealed their experiences when they were adults.
-
Janet: David told us what Dr. Money had done.
-
Long after we had stopped seeing him.
-
And we were horrified.
-
We thought, "how could this happen
-
to children?"
-
Narrator: But, not everyone believes David's testimony.
-
Professor Green: I asked John about that
-
and John said it is absolutely false.
-
People remember things
-
that have sexual meaning to them from earlier years.
-
They, very often, are not true.
-
So called, "false memories," or "false memory syndrome."
-
Things that happen earlier on in life
-
that have a sexual meaning to them
-
sometimes get misremembered, sometimes get elaborated,
-
expands into things that sometimes did not actually happen.
-
That's one possibility.
-
(Music)
-
Narrator: Whatever the truth of these allegations,
-
it is fair to say, that Brenda grew up a troubled and lonely child.
-
Janet: Brenda had almost no friends growing up.
-
Girls didn't want to play with her because she wanted to play boys things.
-
And boys, of course didn't want a girl in their games.
-
(Children taunting)
-
Children: Cave woman! Cave woman!
-
(Laughing)
-
Girl: Need some help, Cave woman?
-
David: The kids at school were bullying me, because I was different.
-
that's what kids do.
-
Kids always bully someone who's different.
-
It's the law.
-
(Chuckle)
-
Narrator: One test in particular, showed how unhappy Brenda was.
-
Girl: Compared to most families, mine's a loser.
-
(Music)
-
Girl: I think most girls aren't very nice.
-
My feeling about married life is rotten.
-
(Music)
-
My mother and I have nothing in common.
-
(Music)
-
To me, the future looks bad.
-
Some day, I will see the sun soon.
-
(Music)
-
Narrator: Brenda was still refusing to have surgery.
-
She had also become increasingly masculine.
-
By 1978, the year of the proposed surgery,
-
when she was almost 13,
-
Dr. Money made one last attempt to persuade Brenda to have a vagina constructed.
-
The psychologist enlisted the help of a transsexual.
-
Woman: Is there anything you would like to ask me or anything you would like to say?
-
Narrator: He thought when Brenda saw someone,
-
who had voluntarily submitted to a genital operation,
-
she would be willing to have surgery, too.
-
Some experts think this was a reasonable course of action.
-
Professor Fausto-Sterling: I could imagine that Money would have asked a transsexual
-
to talk with Brenda,
-
to offer a kind of role model, an example,
-
of why it would be okay
-
and to give her a vision of someone, who was happy to have had
-
such surgery and who felt good about herself, as an adult woman.
-
Actually, it seems like it could have been a smart thing to have done.
-
Narrator: We don't know what the transsexual and Brenda spoke about,
-
but we do have a record of what happened next.
-
As Dr. Money concluded their interview.
-
Doctor: When you talk about your identity:
-
male or female, boy or girl, man or woman,
-
that's called your gender identity.
-
And that's a very, very tough thing for you to talk about.
-
Now, I've had not just a few,
-
but many people come into this office
-
with exactly the same feelings as you have.
-
There's something that you can't talk about,
-
and yet, it's the most important thing in your life.
-
Child: Are we finished?
-
Doctor: Thanks for talking.
-
I want you to know, I am going to be the one person in the world
-
you can tell anything to.
-
(Music)
-
Woman: It's good to have a run.
-
I'm going to a garage about eight blocks away.
-
You're welcome to come along.
-
Child: I don't want to talk.
-
Woman: That's okay.
-
Look, you need a walk,
-
and I have to go to the garage,
-
so we'll keep each other company.
-
You don't have to say one word, unless you'd like.
-
(Music)
-
Dr. Money's approach backfired catastrophically.
-
Brenda told her parents,
-
that she would kill herself
-
if she had to see John Money again.
-
David: It got so bad,
-
where you ended up, well, that I ended up having a breakdown.
-
I would shake like a baby and cry.
-
Huddle in the corner.
-
I didn't know why I was behaving like that.
-
Narrator: Dr. Money had stressed that for Brenda's gender realignment to work,
-
she must never be told about her real identity.
-
But finally, faced with a suicidal 13-year-old,
-
Brenda's parents decided to tell her and her brother the truth.
-
(Music)
-
Ron Reimer took Brenda for an ice cream
-
and told her who she really was.
-
David: Oh, my dad just wanted to take me for an ice cream cone.
-
Usually, when dad takes you for an ice cream cone
-
it's usually has to do with bad news of some sort.
-
Child: Um, Dad, is there anything wrong with Mom?
-
Dad: No, Mom's fine.
-
Child: What about Brian?
-
Is he okay?
-
Dad: Brian's good.
-
Child: Then what about my school work, is that okay too?
-
Dad: We're very proud of your school work, Brenda.
-
It's great.
-
Child: Then, what's wrong?
-
Dad: Well,
-
you have a right to know something.
-
David: I don't remember
-
90% of what happened in the car.
-
Dad told me that I had a glaze over my eyes,
-
I was staring at the dashboard
-
and I had ice cream all over me that was melted.
-
Dad: We brought you up as a girl.
-
David: I thought to myself, well I'm not crazy.
-
I'm not turning insane.
-
I thought I was turning insane.
-
Narrator: At the same time, Janet told Brenda's twin, Brian.
-
Janet: I told Brian to come see me.
-
I said, "You know how Brenda was always more of a tomboy than other girls?"
-
He said, "yes."
-
I said, "Well, you know, Brenda was born a boy.
-
Your twin brother."
-
Child: No!
-
(Crashing Sound)
-
Janet: I think Brian reacted like he did
-
because now, all of a sudden, to realize that
-
she was his brother and he wasn't the only boy,
-
was a terrible shock to him.
-
(Music)
-
Narrator: But for Brenda, this was the first time in her life
-
she started to feel happy.
-
She said she wanted to be a boy.
-
Ron: At that moment,
-
when she said, "I don't want to be a girl. I want to be a boy."
-
So I said, "Okay, are you sure?
-
Because there is no going back after."
-
He said, "Yes.
-
Yes. I'm sure. That is what I want to do."
-
Narrator: He decided to call himself David.
-
Janet: When Brenda became David....
-
Harold: I don't think he was that shy.
-
I think he was more withdrawn from people.
-
He was more scared.
-
It was a very good friendship.
-
He wasn't asking for much.
-
Just for me to be there and be his friend.
-
Narrator: David, now decided to undergo painful surgery,
-
similar to this,
-
to create a new penis.
-
(Music)
-
Life for David was looking up.
-
He had a gender he was comfortable with,
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and money.
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He'd received compensation for the botched circumcision.
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His thoughts, now turned to the future.
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David: I got to thinking,
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maybe I was too young to think that:
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What would it be like if I was a father?
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I could be a good husband.
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Narrator: But, because he had been castrated,
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David couldn't have children of his own.
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Then, his twin, Brian's wife had an idea, but no partner.
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David: We hit it off ever since.
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Like two peas in a pod.
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Jane: I'd say maybe six months into the relationship,
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we knew that it was meant to be.
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Narrator: On the 22 of September 1990,
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David Reimer married Jane Fontaine.
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Harrold Norman was his best man.
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Harrold: This was something he never thought, he would ever have.
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And he was tickled pink about the whole thing.
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Narrator: At last, David had a normal life.
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Jane: I would have to say, he was a great father.
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You know, a wonderful husband,
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and he was very romantic.
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We always did little love letters thoughout the years
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and kept them hidden throughout the house.
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We had a lot of good times.
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(Music)
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Narrator: But, there was one thing that was still not right in David's life.
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And that was his relationship, with his twin brother, Brian.
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They'd always had difficulties.
-
But, the real problem began when
-
Brian learned the truth about his twin.
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Janet: Once I told Brian,
-
what the relationship really was
-
between him and his ex-sister,
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Brian, sort of, abandoned Brenda.
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Narrator: For Brian,
-
this was the beginning of a mental disturbance
-
that would develop into schizophrenia.
-
(Music)
-
Then, something happened that would
-
have a terrible effect on both twins.
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David discovered that Dr. Money had continued to publicize his case,
-
as a success.
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Proof that you could raise a boy as a girl.
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David: I was appalled, disgusted,
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and angry when I heard about it.
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Because, there was nothing further from the truth.
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Doctor Money: You're a cute little boy!
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Reporter: Three decades after this misguided experiment began,
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Narrator: To prevent others from being traumatized in the same way,
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David persuaded Brian to go public with him
-
and speak about their ordeal.
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Janet: David said we have to do this
-
and stop Dr. Money from doing what he's doing.
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He's ruined our lives, we can't let him ruin any more.
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So, Brian agreed.
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Brian: The experiments that he made us do,
-
going into sexual positions with no clothes on,
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taking pictures of us,
-
how degrading for seven year olds.
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Narrator: But once the documentary was broadcast,
-
Brian's mental health deteriorated.
-
(Music)
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Ron: David used to come here quite often,
-
bring him flowers and I guess, I don't know exactly
-
what he'd talk about, but
-
he came here and talked to him quite a few times.
-
It must have been at least, four or five times a week.
-
Crows cawing
-
Crickets chirping
-
(Music)
-
Narrator: Brian's death affected all aspects
-
of David's life, even the parts that he'd been happy about.
-
Harrold: Dave had a lot of time on his hands
-
and he'd go into deep thinking.
-
Narrator: A catalog of disasters befell him.
-
Janet: First, his brother died, who he grieved over terribly.
-
Then he made a very bad investment
-
and a man absconded with the money.
-
That was quite a lot of money.
-
And he couldn't find a job.
-
He was 38 years old.
-
Who's gonna hire you at semi-skilled work?
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Narrator: Finally, all these problems affected his marriage,
-
Jane: I needed some separation time.
-
I knew that we needed separation time.
-
I remember telling him,
-
I said, "I love you. I'm not asking for a divorce,
-
but, separation time--I think we need it."
-
Janet: He cried on his friend's shoulder
-
for about three or four hours.
-
And he says, "I can't make my wife happy.
-
My wife- just- I just can't make her happy."
-
(Music)
-
Narrator: On May 4, 2004, 38 year-old,
-
David Reimer left his parents' house, for the last time.
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(Loud Music)
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David took a shot gun with him.
-
And killed himself.
-
(Music)
-
After David died, there was an outcry.
-
Professor Fauston-Sterling: The case--it was too beautiful for him to let go of it.
-
And I think that was unethical behavior on his part.
-
Narrator: Horizon asked Dr. Money to participate in this documentary,
-
but he declined.
-
His former student, Richard Green,
-
argues that Dr. Money did the best he could in an era when we knew less.
-
Professor Green: With the benefit of hindsight,
-
based on what we knew at the time about
-
how you became male or female, boy or girl,
-
with the advantage of hindsight,
-
knowing the difficulties, to say the least,
-
of creating a penis surgically.
-
The decision that John Money made, at the time,
-
was the correct one and I would have made the same one at that time.
-
Narrator: What we do know,
-
is that Dr,. Money's theory,
-
that it is possible to raise a boy, as a girl,
-
does not seem to hold true for most children.
-
Nature, as far as gender identity is concerned,
-
cannot be overridden by nurture.
-
Above all, this is a cautionary tale.
-
This is what can happen,
-
when science pursues a beautiful theory,
-
with scant regard for the human cost.
-
David: You are always going to see people who are going to say,
-
"Well, the David Reimer case could have been successful."
-
I'm living proof,
-
and you're not going to take my word as gospel,
-
because I've lived though it.
-
What else are you going to listen to? Who else is there?
-
I've lived though it.
-
Stammer
-
Is it going to take someone to end up killing themselves?
-
Shooting themselves in the head before people listen?
-
(Music)