Wireless Standards - Network+ (N10-008)

today's lesson is about wireless

standards wireless standards is

basically the various types of wireless

frequencies you actually get out there

there are plenty of frequencies and not

all of them were released at the same

time

nor are they all used for the same

purposes or even in the same manner one

thing they all have in common though is

the fact that they are all wireless

obviously

that and the fact that they all normally

tend to start with 802.11.

you'll notice that whenever we talk

about a wireless frequency it tends to

start with the numbers 802.11

and then obviously something after

that.11 which is normally going to be a

letter of some kind whatever comes after

the dot 11 normally tells us which

frequency we're dealing with and that

will normally be indicated with a letter

or two letters of some kind

so in a nutshell

wireless standards are a set of services

and protocols that dictate how your

wi-fi network and other wireless

networks actually act

all right so

to get you folks started let's start by

first listing some of the various

wireless standards you actually get the

first one you get is something called

802.11

a you see what i mean by the letters

there's always going to be a letter of

some kind behind the dot 11. the second

one is something called 802.11b

the third will be 802.11g

all of them are going to end with dot 11

obviously

the fourth is 802.

in and the fifth on my list is

802.11 ac

and then lastly folks the sixth one the

last one is 802.11ax

this is the last one but it's also the

most recent one so looking at this list

in front of us

the very first ones i mentioned to you

guys is the very oldest ones the very

first ones and if you go down the list

they become newer and newer more recent

and obviously faster and faster or at

least in most cases you'll see what i

mean once we start

now like i said earlier wireless

standards usually start with the numbers

802.11 and then obviously something you

can probably see now that these

standards listed here are all starting

with those numbers which is of course

the 802.11.

all right folks so just a quick reminder

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okay then so let's have a peek at that

first standard on the list being the

802.11a

this is actually one of the oldest

wireless standards which was originally

released in

1999 believe it or not

this

802.11a standard operates in the 5

gigahertz range and has a speed of 54

megabits per second you'll still find

this standard being used even today but

it's not commonly used anymore so it's

out there but good luck finding it

next up we've got the 802.11b

standard this is also one of the oldest

and one of the first ieee standards that

came out it was also released in 1999

like the 802.11a which we mentioned

earlier previously

unlike data2.11a which operates at a

frequency of five gigahertz

this 802.11b

standard operates at the 2.4 gigahertz

frequency range it has a much lower

speed of only 11 megabits per second and

also sadly tends to conflict with a lot

more commonly things out there so

there's a lot of things out there that

sadly run at the same frequency as this

standard and that's not always such a

good thing it's going to cause a lot of

conflict

it's not uncommon to have things

conflict that run on the same frequency

range but unfortunately the 2.4

gigahertz range is one of the most

common frequencies which now means

you're going to experience a great deal

of possible conflict

just to give you an idea of what i'm

talking about

other random devices that also operate

at the 2.4 gigahertz range are things

like cordless phones i'm not talking

about cell phones or mobile devices

folks i'm talking about those phones

that have a charging base you'll

normally go and pick them up to make a

phone call or receive a phone call

they've got like a line plugged into the

charging base kind of looks like an old

walkie-talkie if you think about it or

one of the all very first cell phones

yeah one of those

those cordless phones run at 2.4

gigahertz

other things that also run at 2.4

gigahertz are random things like a

microwave oven yes i'm not kidding folks

now with microwave ovens you'll notice

it's usually only a problem if you

actually turn the microwave on

if it's just plugged into the wall

socket or the wall plug and let's say

the lcd display is displaying something

or whatever

that doesn't normally do anything it's

only once you actually turn it on to

let's say for example heat something up

that is when that bad boy runs at 2.4

gigahertz and that becomes a bit of a

problem you'll also find that bluetooth

things like wireless bluetooth headsets

operated 2.4 gigahertz also

baby monitors just to name a few

all of these things i just mentioned are

things that will be a problem if they

were too close to your router or too

close to your access point which is

operating at this 2.4 gigahertz

they would basically

cancel each other out if i have to put

it in simple terms

please be aware folks there are

definitely questions in the exam about

this about what i just mentioned

these questions are sometimes a little

odd

but if you understand how these

standards and frequencies operate the

questions themselves will make sense to

you and they won't actually seem that

weird to you anymore

for example they sometimes like to ask

something weird an exam along the lines

of

a user let's say a user has a company or

there's a user at a company he or she

complains the wi-fi at the office keeps

going down during lunch time

what could be a possible reason for this

and then in the exam you'll normally be

presented with four possible answers of

which you can only choose one because

it's mostly going to be multiple

multiple choice questions in the exam

and you'll notice

one of those four answers is going to be

something along the lines of microwave

oven because it runs at 2.4 gigahertz

and guess what folks like to do during

lunch time they like to heat up their

lunch folks that's what they like to do

so

yeah if you understand that these things

run at 2.4 gigahertz and you understand

that that's something people will do

during lunch time then you'll understand

the question that's being asked here so

it's a bit of an odd question i know but

i kid you not that's an actual question

and exam doesn't mean you'll get it i

mean the pool of amount of questions

that's an exam there's many many many of

them but as long as you understand what

is being asked of you it doesn't matter

how they ask it it doesn't matter what

they ask you you'll get the questions

right and that's the goal here of this

course

anyway folks moving on to the third one

on our list which is 802.11g

this is basically a newer version of the

previous 802.11b

we just discussed it's a

it's an upgrade if you will

this standard was released in 2004

unlike the previous two which were

released in 1999

vado

2.11g standard operates at the 2.4

gigahertz range which is the same range

as the 802.11b we literally just

mentioned previously

so this also means that it's going to

tend to conflict of quite a lot of

things out there from time to time

unlike the previous 802.11b standard

this

newer 802.11 g standard runs at a speed

of 54 megabits per second which

basically matches that of the 802.11a

standard which we mentioned earlier that

was the very first one on our list next

we have the 802.11n

standard this is basically an update to

the 802.11a

the 802.11b

and of course the 802.11g

standard it was released many years

after previous three coming in at the

year 2009

this bad boy operates at a frequency

range at 2.4 gigahertz but

also

at 5 gigahertz so what i'm saying here

is it's able to operate at both the 2.4

gigahertz as well as the 5 gigahertz

frequency range you can go and choose

which one you want to go and use

as long as as long as you keep in mind

that there is a difference in speed

sometimes 2.4 gigahertz can't always go

nearly as fast as five gigahertz five

gigahertz because the frequencies which

is runs and all that you're able to get

much much faster speeds or out of that

which brings us to our next bullet point

here the speeds can be up to

600 megabits per second but whether

you'll actually get that 600 megabits

per second is going to depend quite a

lot of things uh i mean just to name one

that depends on the various factors like

the amount of antennas you've got

plugged in each antenna will be able to

give you another 150 megabits per second

so the more antennas you've got the more

speed you get basically it's also going

to depend on whether you're running at

2.4 gigahertz or if you're running on

five gigahertz so if you want at 600

megabits per second you're gonna have to

get yourself onto to the five gigahertz

frequency range and you're gonna have to

get yourself up to four antennas yes

folks

speaking of antennas this frequency can

make use of something called memo

so that is multiple input multiple

output so when you have yourself

an access point or a router and this

thing has multiple antennas especially

if it's got up to four you can have

yourself

multiple input and multiple output

streams being the memo so you can go and

connect multiple phones multiple tablets

multiple laptops multiple whatever it is

basically wireless and using these mimo

streams you can go and choose what the

stream speeds are

so if i want to go and connect a phone a

phone for example doesn't use that much

data you can give it one stream if it's

something more resource hungry like a

laptop or what have you you can go and

connect two three or four streams and

you can give it more bandwidth if that's

what we want to go and call it so

depending on the device depending on the

needs of that device you can give it

more streams you can give it more

bandwidth so in a nutshell what we're

saying here is you've got some sort of

control now as to how much bandwidth and

how much speed

certain devices have when they connect

to your wireless device now pretty mean

right

all right folks then we have the fifth

one on that list of us which is the 802

802.11 ac

so this

802.11 ac standard is also known as

wi-fi five for the folks that didn't

know that already

it was released in 2014 which is about

roughly five years after previous

802.11n

standard we just spoke of

every couple of years the ieee releases

a new standard so we'll probably be

seeing some new standards being released

again in the near foreseeable future

maybe in about a year or two from now

the 802.11 ac has

massive speed increases over the 802.11

n standard coming at speeds of up to 7

gigabits per second

really fast if you compare it to the

first standards which literally just

discussed in this list of ours

this 802.11 ac standard operates on the

five gigahertz frequency range there is

simply way too much interference and way

too much noise in the uh frequencies so

if we talk about like the 2.4 frequency

range yeah there's just way too much

noise there's way too much going on

there there's way too many devices it's

on that frequency at this point in time

so it's not uncommon and it's not at all

surprising to see the newer frequencies

trying to move away from the 2.4

gigahertz range just because of so much

interference okay and then folks the

last wireless standard we had on our

list the 802.11ax

so this standard is the latest one out

of all of the ones we've mentioned in

this lesson it was released as recently

as 2021

which means it was released during the

pandemic that's obviously very recently

folks

this standard is also known as wi-fi six

the previous one which was the 802.11 ac

it's obviously also known as wi-fi five

which we've already mentioned to you

guys and then the one before that which

was the 802.11 n i forgot to mention to

you guys that's actually also known as

wi-fi for

so the fourth one was the was the the

end frequency that's wi-fi for the fifth

one is the ac frequency that's wi-fi

five

and

the six one which was the 802.11 ax or

let's just call it the ax frequency that

is known as wi-fi six right kids are not

so yeah since this wi-fi standard is

called wi-fi six and the previous one

was called wi-fi five it should come as

no surprise to you that this standard is

the successor to the previous one

so the 802.11 ace x standard runs at

both the 2.4 gigahertz and the 5

gigahertz frequency range and as for its

speed let's just say it's anywhere from

4 to 10 times faster than the previous

which is insane what the actual speed is

you get though will obviously depend on

a number of variables which we'll

discuss in a different lesson but it

basically comes down to things like the

amount of channels you use

and the amount of memos

that kinds of stuff

so but yeah you can get up the speeds to

about 9.6 gigabits per second 10

gigabits per second if not more it's

going to depend on the channels the

memos and a whole bunch of variables

all right folks let's do a quick summary

of all the wireless standards we

mentioned in this video

here i have a table for you which

more or less sums up most of the

important parts you need to know

at least when it comes to writing the

exam that is i wouldn't say it's

everything you need to know for going

into the field but from an exam

perspective this is good enough this is

all you need to know there's actually

way way more that can be said about

these wider standards but that will be

covered in a different lesson

otherwise this lesson is obviously going

to become too long and we're going to

probably end up mentioning a few things

that might not even be relevant to this

course

so everything that i'm going to be

mentioning in an upcoming lessons is

relevant to the course

and anything that doesn't need to be

mentioned i will not mention you know so

if it's something extra i will mention

hey guys this is something extra so at

least you guys will know now since we

are more or less done with this lesson

just a bit of an extra few folks if you

look at the standards on our table here

the second one from the top there that

ends with b let's just call it the b

frequency

that's generally used for things like

bluetooth in most cases these days so if

you're using bluetooth you know yeah

just remember you're actually using the

b frequency runs at 2.4 gigahertz the

third one on our list there from the top

the one ending with the g let's just

call it the g frequency that's easily

one of the most common wireless

standards you'll encounter today at the

present moment so if you go to someone's

home if you go to the office

that wireless wi-fi connections you guys

normally connect to guess what if you go

and check it out it's normally going to

be the g standard there are cases where

it's something else like the a standard

yes believe me or not it could actually

be the a standard in some cases but it's

usually going to be the g standard

we sometimes in some rare cases use the

a standard like i just said but if you

find it being the a standard it's

normally because the g standard is

interfering or there's some sort of

interference with that standard so

there's other things running at 2.4

gigahertz in an office environment or

not home environment that's causing a

bit of a conflict so the people that

configuring that router or that access

point didn't really have a choice and

they went and switched to the a

frequency so if you see people using the

a frequency it might just be because it

could be there's a conflict of some kind

if you look at the fourth standard error

on our list that's generally what a lot

of companies have been using to connect

their offices and their branches to one

another

wirelessly over the distances usually

it's over great distances but it's not

limited to great it could be a short

distance this is now obviously changing

with the new ac and the new ax that is

being released so it's becoming more and

more common to see companies use the ac

and the ax standards instead of the n

standard when it comes to connecting

buildings and branches and stuff

wirelessly over great distances and of

course over great speeds so basically

the engine standard is usually used to

connect things over great distances but

also over pretty decent speeds

the downside to this bad boy is it needs

line of sight real deal breaker actually

so the top three wireless standards on

our list there top three those are

obviously the oldest ones but those bad

boys don't actually need a lot of sight

if you just get near enough of them you

know if you are within range well there

you go but if you look at the bottom

three there those are faster

over greater distances but they need

line of sight really sucks doesn't it

anyway folks i hope you've learned

something in this lesson if you have do

me a solid and give the video a like

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the course or any of our other courses

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all right folks talk to you in lesson 18

of the comptia native plus course

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