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How we could make carbon-negative concrete

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    Concrete is all around us,
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    but most of us don't even
    notice that it's there.
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    We use concrete to build our roads,
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    buildings, bridges,
    airports; it's everywhere.
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    The only resource we use
    more than concrete is water.
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    And with population
    growth and urbanization,
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    we're going to need
    concrete more than ever.
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    But there's a problem.
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    Cement's the glue that
    holds concrete together.
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    And to make cement, you burn limestone
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    with other ingredients in a
    kiln at very high temperatures.
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    One of the byproducts of that process
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    is carbon dioxide, or CO2.
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    For every ton of cement
    that's manufactured,
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    almost a ton of CO2 is
    emitted into the atmosphere.
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    As a result, the cement industry
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    is the second-largest
    industrial emitter of CO2,
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    responsible for almost 8%
    of total global emissions.
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    If we're going to solve global warming,
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    innovation in both cement production
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    and carbon utilization
    is absolutely necessary.
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    Now, to make concrete, you mix cement
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    with stone, sand, and other ingredients,
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    throw in a bunch of water,
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    and then wait for it to harden or cure.
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    With precast products
    like pavers and blocks,
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    you might shoot steam
    into the curing chamber
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    to try to accelerate the curing process.
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    For buildings, roads, and bridges,
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    we pour what's called
    ready-mix concrete into a mold
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    on the job site and wait
    for it to cure over time.
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    Now, for over 50 years,
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    scientists believed that if
    they cured concrete with CO2
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    instead of water, it
    would be more durable,
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    but they were hamstrung by
    Portland Cement's chemistry.
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    You see, it likes to react
    with both water and CO2,
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    and those conflicting chemistries
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    just don't make for very good concrete.
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    So, we came up with a
    new cement chemistry.
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    We use the same equipment
    and raw materials,
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    but we use less limestone
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    and we fire the kiln
    at a lower temperature,
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    resulting in up to a 30%
    reduction in CO2 emissions.
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    Our cement doesn't react with water.
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    We cure our concrete with CO2,
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    and we get that CO2 by capturing waste gas
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    from industrial facilities
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    like ammonia plants or ethanol plants
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    that otherwise would've been
    released into the atmosphere.
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    During curing, the chemical
    reaction with our cement
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    breaks apart the CO2,
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    capturing the carbon to make limestone,
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    and that limestone's used to
    bind the concrete together.
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    Now, if a bridge made out of our concrete
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    were ever demolished,
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    there is no fear of the CO2 being emitted
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    because it doesn't exist any longer.
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    When you combine the emissions reduction
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    during cement production
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    with the CO2 consumption
    during concrete curing,
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    we reduce cement's carbon
    footprint by up to 70%.
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    And because we don't consume water,
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    we also save trillions of liters of water.
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    Now, convincing a 2,000-year-old industry
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    that hasn't evolved much
    over the last 200 years
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    is not easy, but there are lots of new
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    and existing industry players
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    that are attacking that challenge.
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    Our strategy is to ease adoption
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    by seeking solutions that go
    beyond just sustainability.
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    We use the same processes,
    raw material, and equipment
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    that's used to make traditional concrete,
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    but our new cement makes
    concrete cured will CO2
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    that is stronger, more
    durable, lighter in color,
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    and it cures in 24 hours
    instead of 28 days.
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    Our new technology for ready-mix
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    is in testing and
    infrastructure applications,
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    and we've pushed our research even further
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    to develop a concrete that
    may become a carbon sink.
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    That means that we will consume more CO2
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    than is emitted during cement production.
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    Since we can't use CO2 gas
    at a construction site,
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    we knew we had to deliver
    it to our concrete
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    in either a solid or liquid form.
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    So, we've been partnering with companies
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    that are taking waste CO2
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    and transforming it into a
    useful family of chemicals
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    like oxalic acid or citric acid,
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    the same one you use in orange juice.
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    When that acid reacts with our cement,
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    we can pack in as much
    as four times more carbon
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    into the concrete, making
    it carbon negative.
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    That means that for a
    one-kilometer road section,
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    we would consume more CO2
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    than almost a 100,000
    trees do during one year.
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    So, thanks to chemistry and waste CO2,
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    we're trying to convert
    the concrete industry,
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    the second-most-used
    material on the planet,
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    into a carbon sink for the planet.
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    Thank you.
Title:
How we could make carbon-negative concrete
Speaker:
Tom Schuler
Description:

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Video Language:
English
Team:
closed TED
Project:
TEDTalks
Duration:
04:37

English subtitles

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