How I use Minecraft to help kids with autism

My name is Stuart Duncan,

but I'm actually probably
better known online as AutismFather.

That's me on the internet.

I know the resemblance is uncanny.

(Laughter)

But I'm going to talk
a little bit today about Minecraft.

That's my Minecraft character.

But if you don't know the game very well,
don't worry too much about it.

It's just the medium that I used
at the time to fill a need,

and what I want to talk about applies
to pretty much every situation.

So about four years ago,
I started a Minecraft server

for children with autism
and their families,

and I called it Autcraft.

And since then, we've been in the news

all around the world on television
and radio and magazines.

Buzzfeed called us "one of
the best places on the internet."

We're also the subject
of an award-winning research paper called

"Appropriating Minecraft as an Assistive
Technology for Youth with Autism."

It's a bit of a mouthful.

But you get the idea, I think.

So I want to talk a little bit
about that research paper,

and what it's about,

but first I have to give you
a little bit of history

on how the server came to be.

Back in 2013, everybody
was playing Minecraft,

kids and adults alike,

with and without autism of course.

But it was the big thing.

But I saw parents on social media
reaching out to other parents,

asking if their autistic children
could play together,

and the reason is that when
they tried to play on public servers,

they kept running into bullies and trolls.

When you have autism, you behave
a little differently sometimes,

sometimes a lot differently,

and we all know that
a little bit of difference

is all you really need for a bully
to make you their next target.

So these terrible, terrible people online,

they would destroy everything
that they tried to make,

they would steal all their stuff,

and they would kill them
over and over again,

making the game virtually unplayable.

But the worst part,

the part that really hurt the most,

was what these bullies
would say to these kids.

They'd call them rejects and defects

and retards,

and they would tell these kids,
some as young as six years old,

that society doesn't want them,

and their own parents
never wanted a broken child,

so they should just kill themselves.

And of course, these kids, you understand,

they would sign off
from these servers angry and hurt.

They would break their keyboards,
they'd quite literally hate themselves,

and their parents felt
powerless to do anything.

So I decided I had to try and help.

I have autism,

my oldest son has autism,

and both my kids and I love Minecraft,

so I have to do something.

So I got myself a Minecraft server,

and I spent some time,
built a little village with some roads

and a big welcome sign and this guy
and a lodge up on a mountaintop,

and tried to make it inviting.

The idea was pretty simple.
I had a whitelist, so the only people

that I approved could join,

and I would just monitor
the server as much as I could,

just to make sure that nothing went wrong.

And that was it.
That was the whole promise,

just to keep the kids safe
so that they could play.

When it was done,
I went to Facebook and posted

a pretty simple message,
just to my friends' list, not publicly.

I just wanted to see if there
was actually any interest in this,

and if it really could help.

Turns out that I greatly underestimated
just how much this was needed,

because within 48 hours, I got 750 emails.

I don't have that many Facebook friends.

(Laughter)

Within eight days, I had to upgrade
the posting package eight times,

from the bottom package
to the most expensive package they had,

and now, almost four years later,

I have 8,000 names on the whitelist
from all around the world.

But the reason I'm up here
today to talk to you

isn't just because I gave kids
a safe place to play.

It's what happened while they played.

I started hearing from parents who said

that their children were learning
how to read and write

from playing on the server.

At first they spelled things
the way they sound, like most kids do,

but because they were part of a community,

they saw other people
spelling the same words properly,

and they just picked it up.

I started hearing from parents
who said that their nonverbal children

were starting to speak.

They only talked about Minecraft,
but they were talking.

(Laughter)

Some kids were making friends
at school for the first time ever.

Some were starting to share
and even give things to other people.

It was amazing.

And every single parent came to me
and said it was because of Autcraft,

it was because of what you're doing.

But why, though?

How could all of this be
just from a video game server?

Well, that goes back to that
research paper that I was talking about.

In it, she covers some of the guidelines

that I used when I created the server,

guidelines that I think help encourage
people to be their very best, I hope,

for example communication.

It can be tough for kids with autism.

It could be tough
for grown-ups without autism.

But I think that kids
should not be punished,

they should be talked to.

Nine times out of ten, when the kids
on the server act out,

it's because of something else
that's happened in the day,

at school or at home.
Maybe a pet died.

Sometimes it's just a simple
miscommunication between two children.

They don't tell the other person
what they're about to do.

And so we just offer to help.

We always tell the children
on the server that we're not mad

and they're not in trouble,

we only want to help.

And it shows that not only do we care,

but we respect them enough
to listen to their point of view.

Respect goes a long way,

plus it shows them that they have
everything they need to be able

to resolve these problems
on their own in the future

and maybe even avoid them,
because, you know, communication.

On most servers, as video games are,

children are rewarded,
well, players are rewarded,

for how well they do in a competition.

Right? The better you do,
the better reward you get.

That sort of thing can be automated.

The server does the work.
The code is there.

On Autcraft, we don't do that.

We have things like
"Player of the Week" and "CBAs,"

which is "Caught Being Awesome."

We award players ranks on the servers
based on the attributes that they exhibit,

such as the Buddy Rank for people
who are friendly towards others,

and Junior Helper for people
that are helpful towards others.

We have Senior Helper for the adults.

But they're obvious, right?

Like, people know what to expect
and how to earn these things

because of how they're named.

As soon as somebody signs onto the server,

they know that they're going
to be rewarded for who they are

and not what they can do.

Our top award, the AutismFather Sword,

which is named after me
because I'm the founder,

is a very powerful sword
that you can't get in the game

any other way than to show
that you completely put the community

above yourself,

and that compassion and kindness
is at the core of who you are.

And we've given away
quite a few of those swords, actually.

I figure, if we're going
to watch the server

to make sure nothing bad happens,

we should also watch for the good things
that happen and reward people for them.

We're always trying
to show all the players

that everybody is considered
to be equal, even me,

but we know that we can't
treat people equally to do that.

Some of the players get angry very easily.

Some of them have additional
struggles on top of autism,

such as OCD or Tourette's.

So I have this knack
of remembering all of the players.

I remember their first day
and the conversations we've had,

things we've talked about
and that they've built,

and so when somebody comes to me
with a problem, I handle that situation

differently than I would
with any other player,

based on what I know about them.

For the other admins and helpers,
we document everything

so that, whether it's good or bad
or a concerning conversation,

it's there so that everybody is aware.

I want to give you one example
of this one player.

He was with us for a little while,

but at some point he started
spamming dashes in the chat,

like a big long line of dashes
all the way across the screen,

and a little while later,
he'd do it again.

And so the other players
asked him not to do that,

and he'd say, "Okay."

And then he'd do it again.

So it started to frustrate
the other players.

They asked me to mute him
or to punish him for breaking the rules,

but I knew there had to be
something more to it.

So I went to his aunt, who is
the contact that I have for him,

and she explained that he
had gone blind in one eye

and was losing his vision in the other.

So what he was doing
was splitting up the chat

into easier-to-see blocks of text,
which is pretty smart.

So that very same night, I talked
to a friend of mine who writes code

and we created a brand new
plug-in for the server

that makes it so that
any player on the server,

including him of course,

could just enter a command
and instantly have every single line

separated by dashes.

Plus they can make it asterisks
or blank lines or anything they want,

whatever works best for them.

We even went a little bit extra and
made it so that it highlights your name,

so that it's easier to see
if somebody mentions you.

It's just one example of how
doing a little bit extra,

a small modification,

still helps everybody be on equal footing

even though you did a little extra
just for that one player.

The big one is to be not afraid.

The children on my server are not afraid.

They are free to just be themselves,

and it's because we support
and encourage and celebrate each other.

We all know what it feels like
to be the outcast

and to be hated simply for existing,

and so when we're together on the server,
we're not afraid anymore.

For the first two years
or so on the server,

I talked to two children per week
on average that were suicidal,

but they came to me because
I'm the one that made them feel safe.

They felt like I was the only person
in the world they could talk to.

So I guess my message is,
whether you have a charity

or some other organization,
or you're a teacher or a therapist

or you're a parent who is
just doing your very best,

or you're an autistic, like I am,

no matter who you are,
you absolutely must help

these children strip away these fears
before you do anything else,

because anything else
is going to feel forced

unless they're not afraid.

It's why positive reinforcement

will always do better
than any form of punishment.

They want to learn when they
feel safe and happy.

It just happens naturally.
They don't even try to learn.

These are words from the kids
on the server to describe the server.

The one thing I would hope
that you could take away

is that no matter what somebody else
is going through in life right now,

whether they're being bullied
at school or at home,

if they're questioning their sexuality
or even their gender,

which happens a lot
in the autism community,

if they're feeling alone or even suicidal,

you have to live your life

in such a way that that person feels
like they can come to and tell you.

They have to feel perfectly safe
in talking to you about it.

If you want to see
a group of autistic children,

kids who society wrongly things
are supposed to be antisocial

and lacking in empathy,

you want to see them come together
and build the most compassionate

and friendly and generous
community you've ever seen,

the kind of place that people
would write about

as one of the best places on the internet,

they'll do that. I've seen it.

I'm there every day.

But they have some huge obstacles
that they have to overcome to do that,

and it would be really helpful
to have somebody there

who could help to show them that
the only thing they really have to fear

is self-doubt,

So I guess I'm asking you
to please be that person for them,

because to them,

those kids, it means everything.

Thank you very much.

(Applause)