https:/.../30c3-5713-en-To_Protect_And_Infect_Part_2_h264-hq.mp4

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Herald: Good morning to this last minute
edition to our “Fahrplan” today.

There will probably be time for a few
minutes of Q&A in the end, so you can

ask questions here or on IRC
and Twitter via our Signal Angels.

Please welcome Jake Appelbaum,
independent journalist,

for his talk
“To Protect And Infect Part 2”.

applause

Jacob: Okay. Alright. Thanks so much
for coming so early in the morning.

Or maybe not so early in the morning
for most of you apparently since

you’ve all been up for more than an hour.
But I’m gonna talk today a little bit

about some things that we’ve heard about
at the conference and I’m gonna talk a bit

about some things that you have not
probably ever heard about in your life and

are even worse than your worst nightmares.

So recently we heard a little bit about
some of the low-end corporate spying

that’s often billed as being sort of like
the hottest, most important stuff, so the

FinFisher, the HackingTeam, the VUPEN.
And sort of in that order it becomes

more sophisticated and more and more
tied in with the National Security Agency.

There are some Freedom of Information Act
requests that have gone out that actually

show VUPEN being an NSA contractor writing
exploits, that there are some ties there.

This sort of covers the… sort of…
the whole gamut, I believe,

which is that, you know you can buy these
like little pieces of forensics hardware.

And just as a sort of fun thing I bought
some of those and then I looked at

how they worked and I noticed that this
‘Mouse Jiggler’, you plug it in and

the idea is that it like keeps your screen
awake. So have any of you seen that

at all? It’s a piece of forensics hardware
so your screensaver doesn’t activate.

So I showed it to one of the systemd
developers, and now when you plug those

into a Linux box that runs systemd,
they automatically lock the screen

when it sees the USB ID.
applause

So when people talk about Free Software,
‘free as in freedom’, that’s part of

what they’re talking about. So there are
some other things which I’m not going

to really talk a lot about it because
basically this is all bullshit that

doesn’t really matter and we can defeat
all of that. This is individualized things

we can defend against. But I want
to talk a little bit about how it’s

not necessarily the case that because
they’re not the most fantastic, they’re

not the most sophisticated, that
therefore we shouldn’t worry about it.

This is Rafael. I met him when
I was in Oslo in Norway

for the Oslo Freedom Forum, and basically
he asked me to look at his computer

because he said, “You know, something
seems to be wrong with it. I think that

there’s something, you know,
slowing it down.” And I said:

“Well, I’m not going to find anything.
I don’t have any tools. We are just

going to like sit at the computer…”
And I looked at it, and it has to be

the lamest back door I’ve ever found. It
was basically a very small program that

would just run in a loop and take
screenshots. And it failed to upload

some of the screenshots, and so there were
8 GB of screenshots in his home directory.

laughter and applause
And I said, “I’m sorry to break it to you

but I think that you’ve been owned.
And… by a complete idiot.”

laughter
And he, he, yeah, he was,

he was really… actually, he felt really
violated and then he told me what he does,

which is he’s an investigative journalist
who works with top secret documents

all the time, with extreme, extreme
operational security to protect

his sources. But when it came to computing
J[ournalism] school failed him.

And as a result, he was compromised
pretty badly. He was not using

a specialized operating system like
Tails, which if you’re a journalist

and you’re not using Tails you should
probably be using Tails unless

you really know what you’re doing.
Apple did a pretty good job at

revoking this application, and it was, you
know, in theory it stopped, but there are

lots of samples from the same group
and this group that did this is tied to

a whole bunch of other attacks across
the world, actually, which is why

it’s connected up there with Operation
Hangover. The scary thing, though, is that

this summer, after we’d met, he was
actually arrested relating to some

of these things. And now, as
I understand it, he’s out, but,

you know, when you mess with a military
dictatorship it messes with you back.

So even though that’s one of the lamest
backdoors, his life is under threat.

So just simple things can cause serious,
serious harm to regular people that are

working for some kind of truth telling.
And that to me is really a big part

of my motivation for coming here to talk
about what I’m going to talk about next,

which is that for every person that we
learn about like Rafael, I think there are

lots of people we will never learn about,
and that’s, to me that’s very scary,

and I think we need to bring some
transparency, and that’s what we’re

going to talk about now. And I really want
to emphasize this point. Even though

they’re not technically impressive, they
are actually still harmful, and that,

that is really a key point to drive home.
I mean, some of the back doors that

I’ve seen are really not sophisticated,
they’re not really that interesting, and

in some cases they’re common off-the-shelf
purchases between businesses,

so it’s like business-to-business
exploitation software development.

I feel like that’s really kind of sad,
and I also think we can change this.

We can turn this around by exposing it.
So, what’s it all about, though?

Fundamentally it’s about control, baby,
and that is what we’re going to get into.

It’s not just about control of machines.
What happened with Rafael is about

control of people. And fundamentally
when we talk about things like internet

freedom and we talk about tactical
surveillance and strategic surveillance,

we’re talking about control of people
through the machinery that they use.

And this is a really, I think a really
kind of – you know I’m trying

to make you laugh a little bit because
what I’m going to show you today

is wrist-slitting depressing.
So. Part 2, or Act 2 of Part 2.

Basically the NSA, they want
to be able to spy on you, and

if they have 10 different options for
spying on you that you know about,

they have 13 ways of doing it and they
do all 13. So that’s a pretty scary thing,

and basically their goal is to have
total surveillance of everything that

they’re interested in. So there really
is no boundary to what they want to do.

There is only sometimes a boundary of
what they are funded to be able to do and

the amount of things they’re able to do at
scale. They seem to just do those things

without thinking too much about it. And
there are specific tactical things

where they have to target a group or an
individual, and those things seem limited

either by budgets or simply by their time.
And as we have released today

on Der Spiegel’s website, which it should
be live – I just checked, it should be live

for everyone here – we actually
show a whole bunch of details

about their budgets as well as the
individuals involved with the NSA

and the Tailored Access Operations group
in terms of numbers. So it should give you

a rough idea showing that there was a
small period of time in which the internet

was really free and we did not have people
from the U.S. military that were watching

over it and exploiting everyone on
it, and now we see every year

that the number of people who are hired to
break into people’s computers as part of

grand operations, those people are growing
day by day, actually. In every year

there are more and more people that are
allocated, and we see this growth. So

that’s the goal: non-attribution, and total
surveillance, and they want to do it

completely in the dark. The good
news is that they can’t. So,

now I’m going to show you a bit about it.
But first, before I show you any pictures,

I want to sort of give you the big picture
from the top down. So there is

a planetary strategic surveillance system,
and there – well, there are many of them

actually. Everything from I think
off-planetary surveillance gear, which is

probably the National Reconnaissance
Office and their satellite systems

for surveillance like the Keyhole
satellites – these are all things most,

for the most part we actually know about
these things. They’re on Wikipedia.

But I want to talk a little bit more about
the internet side of things because

I think that’s really fascinating. So
part of what we are releasing today

with ‘Der Spiegel’, or what has actually
been released – just to be clear

on the timeline, I’m not disclosing it
first, I’m working as an independent

journalist summarizing the work that we
have already released onto the internet

as part of a publication house that went
through a very large editorial process

in which we redacted all the names of
agents and information about those names,

including their phone numbers
and e-mail addresses.

applause

And I should say that I actually think
that the laws here are wrong,

because they are in favor of
an oppressor who is criminal.

So when we redact the names of people who
are engaged in criminal activity including

drone murder, we are actually not doing
the right thing, but I believe that

we should comply with the law in order
to continue to publish, and I think

that’s very important.
applause

We also redacted the names of
victims of NSA surveillance,

because we think that there’s a balance.
Unfortunately there is a serious problem

which is that the U.S. government asserts
that you don’t have standing to prove

that you’ve been surveilled unless
we release that kind of information,

but we don’t want to release that kind
of information in case it could be

a legitimate target, and we – I’m really
uncomfortable with that term, but let’s

say that there is a legitimate target, the
most legitimate target, and we didn’t want

to make that decision. But we
did also want to make sure

that we didn’t harm someone, but we
also wanted to show concrete examples.

So if you look at the ‘Spiegel’ stuff online,
we redacted the names even of those

who were victimized by the NSA’s
oppressive tactics, which I think

actually goes further than is necessary,
but I believe that it strikes

the right balance to ensure continued
publication and also to make sure

that people are not harmed and that
legitimate good things, however rare

they may be, they are also not harmed.
So if you’ve been targeted by the NSA

and you would have found out today
if we had taken a different decision,

I’m really sorry, but this is the thing
I think that keeps us alive,

so this is the choice that I think is the
right choice, and I think it’s also

the safest choice for everyone.
So that said, basically the NSA has

a giant dragnet surveillance system that
they call TURMOIL. TURMOIL is a passive

interception system. That passive
interception system essentially spans

the whole planet. Who here has heard
about the Merkel phone incident?

Some of you heard about Chancellor Merkel?
So we revealed that in ‘Der Spiegel’, and

what we found was that they tasked her
for surveillance. And I’ll talk a little bit

about that later. But basically the way
that this works is that they have this

huge passive set of sensors; and any data
that flows past it, they actually look at it.

So there was a time in the past where
surveillance meant looking at anything

at all. And now the NSA tries
to basically twist the words

of every person who speaks whatever
language they’re speaking in, and they

try to say that it’s only surveillance
if after they collect it and record it

to a database, and analyze it with
machines, only if – I think – an NSA agent

basically looks at it
personally and then clicks

“I have looked at this” do
they call it surveillance.

Fundamentally I really object to that
because if I ran a TURMOIL collection

system – that is passive signals
intelligence systems collecting data

from the whole planet, everywhere they
possibly can – I would go to prison

for the rest of my life.
That’s the balance, right?

Jefferson talks about this. He says, you
know, “That which the government

is allowed to do but you are not, this is
a tyranny.” There are some exceptions

to that, but the CFAA in the United
States, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act,

you know, it’s so draconian
for regular people,

and the NSA gets to do something like
intercepting 7 billion people all day long

with no problems, and the rest of us
are not even allowed to experiment

for improving the security of our own
lives without being put in prison

or under threat of serious indictment, and
that I think is a really important point.

So the TURMOIL system is a surveillance
system, and it is a dragnet surveillance

system that is a general warrant dragnet
surveillance if there ever was one.

And now we shot the British over this when
we started our revolution. We called them

“general writs of assistance.” These
were generalized warrants which

we considered to be a tyranny. And
TURMOIL is the digital version of a

general writ of assistance system. And
the general writ of assistance itself,

it’s not clear if it even exists, because
it’s not clear to me that a judge

would understand
anything that I just said.

applause

Okay, so now we’re gonna get scary.
So that’s just the passive stuff.

There exists another system that’s called
TURBINE, and we revealed about this system

in the ‘Spiegel’ publications
today as well. So if TURMOIL

is deep packet inspection, then
TURBINE is deep packet injection.

And it is the system that combined
together with a thing…

– with TURMOIL and TURBINE you can create
a platform which they have consolidated

which they call QFIRE. QFIRE is
essentially a way to programmatically

look at things that flow across the
internet that they see with TURMOIL

and then using TURBINE they’re able to
actually inject packets to try to do attacks,

and I’ll describe some of those attacks
in detail in a moment. But essentially

the interesting thing about QFIRE also
is that they have a thing that’s called

a diode. So if you have for
example a large number

of systems where you control them, you
might say: “Hey, what are you doing

on that backbone?”, “Hey, what’s going on
with these systems?” And they could say,

well, you know, we paid for access, we’re
doing this, it’s all legal, etcetera.

QFIRE has this really neat little detail
which is that they compromise

other people’s routers and then redirect
through them so that they can beat

the speed of light. And how
they do that is that they have

a passive sensor that’s nearby,
a thing that they can inject from.

And when they see that that thing sees
a selector that is interesting to them

or is doing a thing that they would like
to tamper with in some way, then they

take a packet, they encapsulate the
packet, they send it to the diode,

which might be your home router
potentially, and then that home router

decapsulates that packet and sends it out.
And because that is very close to you,

and let’s say you’re visiting Yahoo, then
the Yahoo packet will not beat you.

That is, they will not beat the NSA
or GCHQ. So it’s a race condition.

And so they basically are able to
control this whole system and then

to localize attacks in that
process. So that’s a pretty –

pretty scary stuff, actually. And while it
is a digital thing, I think it’s important

to understand that this is what Jefferson
talked about when he talked about tyranny.

This is turnkey tyranny, and it’s not that
it’s coming, it’s actually here. It’s just

merely the question about whether or not
they’ll use it in a way that we think is

a good way or not a good way. One
of the scariest parts about this is that

for this system or these sets of systems
to exist, we have been kept vulnerable.

So it is the case that if the Chinese,
if the Russians, if people here

wish to build this system, there’s nothing
that stops them. And in fact the NSA has

in a literal sense retarded the process
by which we would secure the internet

because it establishes a hegemony
of power, their power in secret,

to do these things. And in fact I’ve seen
evidence that shows that there are so many

compromises taking place between the
different Five Eyes signals intelligence

groups that they actually have lists that
explain, “If you see this back door

on the system, contact a friendly agency.
You’ve just recompromised the machine

of another person.” So
when we talk about this,

we have to consider that this is
designed for at-scale exploitation.

And as far as I can tell it’s being
used for at-scale exploitation.

Which is not really in my mind a
targeted particularized type of thing,

but rather it’s fishing operations.
It’s fishing expeditions. It’s

more like fishing crusades, if you will.
And in some cases, looking at the evidence

that seems to be what it is. Targeting
Muslims, I might add. Because that’s

what they’re interested in doing.
So that said, that’s the internet,

and we get all the way down to the bottom
and we get to the Close Access Operations

and Off-Net. Off-Net and Close Access
Operations are pretty scary things,

but basically this is what we would call a
black bag job. That’s where these guys,

they break into your house, they put
something in your computer and

they take other things out of your
computer. Here’s an example.

First top secret document
of the talk so far.

This is a Close Access Operations box.

It is basically car
metasploit for the NSA,

which is an interesting thing. But
basically they say that the attack is

undetectable, and it’s sadly
a laptop running free software.

It is injecting packets. And they say that
they can do this from as far away as

8 miles to inject packets, so presumably
using this they’re able to exploit

a kernel vulnerability of some kind,
parsing the wireless frames, and, yeah.

I’ve heard that they actually put this
hardware, from sources inside of the NSA

and inside of other
intelligence agencies, that

they actually put this type of hardware on
drones so that they fly them over areas

that they’re interested in and they
do mass exploitation of people.

Now, we don’t have a document
that substantiates that part, but

we do have this document that actually
claims that they’ve done it from up to

8 miles away. So that’s a really
interesting thing because it tells us

that they understand that common wireless
cards, probably running Microsoft Windows,

which is an American company, that they
know about vulnerabilities and they

keep them a secret to use them. This is
part of a constant theme of sabotaging

and undermining American companies and
American ingenuity. As an American,

while generally not a nationalist, I find
this disgusting, especially as someone

who writes free software and would
like my tax dollars to be spent

on improving these things. And when they
know about them I don’t want them

to keep them a secret because
all of us are vulnerable.

It’s a really scary thing.

applause

And it just so happens that at my house,
myself and many of my friends,

when we use wireless devices
– Andy knows what I’m talking about,

a few other people here –
all the time we have errors

in certain machines which are set up at
the house, in some cases as a honey pot

– thanks, guys – where kernel
panic after kernel panic,

exactly in the receive handler of the
Linux kernel where you would expect

this specific type of thing to take place.
So I think that if we talk about

the war coming home, we probably will
find that this is not just used in places

where there’s a literal war on but where
they decide that it would be useful,

including just parking outside your house.
Now I only have an hour today,

so I’m gonna have to go through some
other stuff pretty quickly. I want to make

a couple of points clear. This wasn’t
clear, even though it was written

in the New York Times by my dear friend
Laura Poitras, who is totally fantastic

by the way, and… you are great.
But 15 years of data retention –

applause

So the NSA has 15 years
of data retention.

It’s a really important point to
drive home. I joked with Laura

when she wrote the New York Times article
with James Risen, she should do the math

for other people and say “15 years”. She
said: “They can do the math on their own,

I believe in them”. I just wanna do the
math for you. 15 years, that’s scary!

I don’t ever remember voting on that,
I don’t ever remember even having

a public debate about it. And that
includes content as well as metadata.

So they use this metadata. They search
through this metadata retroactively.

They do what’s called ‘tasking’, that is,
they find a set of selectors – so that’s

a set of unique identifiers, e-mail
addresses, cookies, MAC addresses, IMEIs…

whatever is useful. Voice prints
potentially, depending on the system.

And then they basically
task those selectors

for specific activities. So that ties
together with some of the attacks

which I’ll talk about, but essentially
QUANTUMINSERTION and things that are

like QUANTUMINSERTION, they’re triggered
as part of the TURMOIL and TURBINE system

and the QFIRE system, and they’re all put
together so that they can automate

attacking people based on the plain
text traffic that transits the internet

or based on the source or
destination IP addresses.

This is a second top secret document.

This is an actual NSA lolcat

for the QUANTUMTHEORY program.

applause

You’ll notice it’s a black cat, hiding. Okay.

So there are a few people in the audience
that are still not terrified enough, and

there are a few people that as part
of their process for coping with

this horrible world that we have found
ourselves in, they will say the following:

“There’s no way they’ll ever find me. I’m
not interesting.” So I just want to dispel

that notion and show you a little bit
about how they do that. So we mentioned

TURMOIL, which is the dragnet surveillance,
and TURBINE, which is deep packet injection,

and QFIRE, where we tie it all together,
and this is an example of something which

I think actually demonstrates a crime but
I’m not sure, I’m not a lawyer, I’m

definitely not your lawyer, and I’m
certainly not the NSA’s lawyer.

But this is the MARINA system. This is
merely one of many systems where they

actually have full content as well as
metadata. Taken together, they do

contact chaining, where they find out you
guys are all in the same room with me

– which reminds me, let’s
see, I’ve got this phone…

Okay. That’s good. Let’s
turn that on. So now…

laughter
You’re welcome.

laughter
You have no idea!

laughter
But I just wanted to make sure that

if there was any question about whether
or not you are exempt from needing to do

something about this,
that that is dispelled.

applause

Okay? Cell phone’s on.
Great. So. Hey, guys!

laughter
So, the MARINA system is a

contact chaining system as well as a
system that has data, and in this case

what we see is in fact reverse contact
and forward contact graphing. So,

any lawyers in the audience? If there
are American citizens in this database,

is reverse targeting like this illegal?
Generally? Is it possible that that

could be considered illegal?
Someone from audience mumbling

Yeah, so, interesting. If it’s called
reverse contacts instead of

reverse targeting – yeah, exactly.
So, you’ll also notice the,

on the right-hand side, webcam photos.

So, just in case you’re wondering,
in this case this particular target,

I suppose that he did not or
she did not have a webcam.

Good for them. If not, you should follow
the EFF’s advice and you should put

a little sticker over your webcam. But
you’ll also note that they try to find

equivalent identifiers. So every time
there’s a linkable identifier that you

have on the internet, they try to put that
and tie it together and contact chain it,

and they try to show who you are among all
of these different potential identifiers –

if you have 5 e-mail addresses, they would
link them together – and then they try

to find out who all your friends are.
You’ll also note at the bottom here,

logins and passwords. So they’re
also doing dragnet surveillance

in which they extract – the feature set
extraction where they know semantically

what a login and a password is in a
particular protocol. And in this case

this guy is lucky, I suppose, and they
were not able to get passwords or webcam,

but you’ll note that they were able to get
his contacts and they were able to see

in fact 29, give or take,
received messages as well,

of which there are these things. Now in
this case we have redacted the e-mail

and instant messenger information,
but this is an example of how

laughs
you can’t hide from these things, and

thinking that they won’t find you
is a fallacy. So this is basically

the difference between taking one wire and
clipping onto it in a particularized

suspicious way where they’re really
interested, they have a particularized

suspicion, they think that someone is a
criminal, they think someone has taken

some serious steps that are illegal, and
instead what they do is they put all of us

under surveillance, record all of this
data that they possibly can, and then

they go looking through it. Now
in the case of Chancellor Merkel,

when we revealed NSRL 2002-388,
what we showed was that

they were spying on Merkel. And by their
own admission 3 hops away, that’s everyone

in the German Parliament
and everyone here.

So that’s pretty serious stuff. It also
happens that if you should be visiting

certain websites, especially if you’re
a Muslim, it is the case that you can be

attacked automatically by this system.
Right? So that would mean that

they would automatically start to break
into systems. That’s what they would call

‘untasked targeting’. Interesting idea
that they call that targeted surveillance.

To me that doesn’t really sound too
much like targeted surveillance unless

what you mean by carpet bombing, it – you
know, I mean it just – you know, like… it

just doesn’t… it doesn’t strike me right.
It’s not my real definition of ‘targeted’.

It’s not well defined. It’s not that a
judge has said, “Yes, this person is

clearly someone we should target.” Quite
the opposite. This is something where

some guy who has a system has decided to
deploy it and they do it however they like

whenever they would like. And while there
are some restrictions, it’s clear that

the details about these programs do not
trickle up. And even if they do, they

do not trickle up in a useful way. So
this is important, because members

of the U.S. Congress, they have no clue
about these things. Literally, in the case

of the technology. Ask a Congressman
about TCP/IP. Forget it.

You can’t even get a meeting with them.
I’ve tried. Doesn’t matter. Even if you

know the secret interpretation of Section
215 of the Patriot Act and you go

to Washington, D.C. and you meet with
their aides, they still won’t talk to you

about it. Part of that is because they
don’t have a clue, and another part of it

is because they can’t talk about it,
because they don’t have a political solution.

Absent a political solution, it’s very
difficult to get someone to admit that

there is a problem. Well, there is a
problem, so we’re going to create

a political problem and also talk
about some of the solutions.

The Cypherpunks generally have
come up with some of the solutions

when we talk about encrypting the entire
internet. That would end dragnet mass

surveillance in a sense, but it will
come back in a different sense

even with encryption. We need both
a marriage of a technical solution

and we need a political solution
to go with it, and if we don’t have

those 2 things, we will unfortunately be
stuck here. But at the moment the NSA,

basically, I feel, has more power than
anyone in the entire world – any one

agency or any one person. So Emperor
Alexander, the head of the NSA, really has

a lot of power. If they want to right now,
they’ll know that the IMEI of this phone

is interesting. It’s very warm, which is
another funny thing, and they would be

able to break into this phone almost
certainly and then turn on the microphone,

and all without a court.
So that to me is really scary.

And I especially dislike the fact that
if you were to be building these

types of things, they treat you as an
opponent, if you wish to be able to

fulfill the promises that you make to your
customers. And as someone who writes

security software
I think that’s bullshit.

So. Here’s how they do a bit of it.
So there are different programs.

So QUANTUMTHEORY, QUANTUMNATION,
QUANTUMBOT, QUANTUMCOPPER

and QUANTUMINSERT. You’ve heard of a few
of them. I’ll just go through them real quick.

QUANTUMTHEORY essentially has
a whole arsenal of zero-day exploits.

Then the system deploys what’s called
a SMOTH, or a seasoned moth.

And a seasoned moth is an
implant which dies after 30 days.

So I think that these guys either took a
lot of acid or read a lot of Philip K. Dick,

potentially both!
applause

And they thought Philip K. Dick
wasn’t dystopian enough.

“Let’s get better at this”.
And after reading VALIS, I guess,

they went on, and they also have
as part of QUANTUMNATION

what’s called VALIDATOR or COMMONDEER.
Now these are first-stage payloads

that are done entirely in memory.
These exploits essentially are where they

look around to see if you have what are
called PSPs, and this is to see, like,

you know, if you have Tripwire, if you
have Aid, if you have some sort of

system tool that will detect if an
attacker is tampering with files or

something like this, like
a host intrusion detection system.

So VALIDATOR and COMMONDEER, which,
I mean, clearly the point of COMMONDEER,

while it’s misspelled here – it’s not
actually… I mean that’s the name

of the program… but the point is to make
a pun on commandeering your machine. So,

you know, when I think about the U.S.
Constitution in particular, we talk about

not allowing the quartering of
soldiers – and, gosh, you know?

Commandeering my computer sounds
a lot like a digital version of that, and

I find that’s a little bit confusing, and
mostly in that I don’t understand

how they get away with it. But part of it
is because until right now we didn’t know

about it, in public, which is why we’re
releasing this in the public interest,

so that we can have a better debate
about whether or not that counts, in fact,

as a part of this type of what I would
consider to be tyranny, or perhaps

you think it is a measured and reasonable
thing. I somehow doubt that. But

in any case, QUANTUMBOT is where
they hijack IRC bots, because why not?

They thought they would like to do
that, and an interesting point is that

they could in theory stop a lot
of these botnet attacks and

they have decided to maintain that
capability, but they’re not yet doing it

except when they feel like doing it for
experiments or when they do it to

potentially use them. It’s not clear
exactly how they use them. But

the mere fact of the matter is that that
suggests they’re even in fact able to do

these types of attacks, they’ve tested
these types of attacks against botnets.

And that’s the program you should FOIA
for. We’ve released a little bit of detail

about that today as well. And
QUANTUMCOPPER to me is really scary.

It’s essentially a thing that can
interfere with TCP/IP and it can do things

like corrupt file downloads. So if you
imagine the Great Firewall of China,

so-called – that’s for the whole planet.

So if the NSA wanted to tomorrow, they
could kill every anonymity system

that exists by just forcing everyone who
connects to an anonymity system to reset

just the same way that the Chinese do
right now in China with the Great Firewall

of China. So that’s like the NSA builds
the equivalent of the Great Firewall

of Earth. That’s, to me that’s
a really scary, heavy-handed thing,

and I’m sure they only use it for good.
clears throat

But, yeah. Back here in reality that to
me is a really scary thing, especially

because one of the ways that they are able
to have this capability, as I mentioned,

is these diodes. So what that suggests
is that they actually repurpose

other people’s machines in order to
reposition and to gain a capability

inside of an area where they actually
have no legitimacy inside of that area.

That to me suggests it is not only
heavy-handed, that they have probably some

tools to do that. You see where I’m going
with this. Well, QUANTUMINSERTION,

this is also an important point, because
this is what was used against Belgacom,

this is what’s used by a whole number of
unfortunately players in the game where

basically what they do is they inject
a packet. So you have a TCP connection,

Alice wants to talk to Bob, and for some
reason Alice and Bob have not heard

about TLS. Alice sends an HTTP
request to Bob. Bob is Yahoo.

NSA loves Yahoo. And basically they
inject a packet which will get to Alice

before Yahoo is able to respond, right?
And the thing is that if that was a

TLS connection, the man-on-the-side
attack would not succeed.

That’s really key. If they were using TLS,
the man-on-the-side attack could at best,

as far as we understand it at the moment,
they could tear down the TLS session but

they couldn’t actually actively inject.
So that’s a man-on-the-side attack.

We can end that attack with TLS.
When we deploy TLS everywhere

then we will end that kind of attack. So
there was a joke, you know, when you

download .mp3s, you ride with communism
– from the ’90s, some of you may

remember this. When you bareback with
the internet, you ride with the NSA.

applause

Or you’re getting a ride, going for
a ride. So the TAO infrastructure,

Tailored Access and Operations. Some
of the FOXACID URLs are public.

FOXACID is essentially like a watering
hole type of attack where you go to,

you go to a URL. QUANTUMINSERT
puts like an iframe or puts some code

in your web browser, which you then
execute, which then causes you to

load resources. One of the resources that
you load while you’re loading CNN.com,

for example, which is one of their
examples, they – you like that, by the way?

So, you know, that’s an extremist site. So
coughs

you might have heard about that. A lot of
Republicans in the United States read it.

So – right before they wage
illegal imperialist wars. So,

the point is that you go to a FOXACID
server and it basically does a survey

of your box and decides if it can break
into it or not, and then it does.

Yep, that’s basically it. And the FOXACID
URLs, a few of them are public.

Some of the details about that have been
made public, about how the structure

of the URLs are laid out and so on.
An important detail is that they pretend

that they’re Apache, but they actually
do a really bad job. So they’re

like Hacking Team, maybe it’s the same
guys, I doubt it though, the NSA wouldn’t

slum with scumbags like that, but…
Basically you can tell, you can find them,

because they aren’t really Apache servers.
They pretend to be, something else.

The other thing is that none of their
infrastructure is in the United States.

So, real quick anonymity question. You
have a set of things and you know that

a particular attacker never comes from one
place. Every country on the planet

potentially, but never one place. The
one place where most of the internet is.

What does that tell you in terms of
anonymity? It tells you usually that

they’re hiding something about that one
place. Maybe there’s a legal requirement

for this. It’s not clear to me. But what
is totally clear to me is that if you see

this type of infrastructure and it is not
in the United States, there is a chance,

especially today, that it’s the NSA’s
Tailored Access and Operations division.

And here’s an important point. When the
NSA can’t do it, they bring in GCHQ.

So, for example, for targeting certain
Gmail selectors, they can’t do it.

And in the documents we released today,
we show that they say: “If you have

a partner agreement form and you need to
target, there are some additional selectors

that become available should you
need them”. So when we have a limit

of an intelligence agency in the United
States, or here in Germany or

something like this, we have to recognize
that information is a currency

in an unregulated market. And these
guys, they trade that information, and

one of the ways they trade that is like
this. And they love Yahoo.

So, little breather?

It’s always good to make fun of
the GCHQ with Austin Powers!

laughter
Okay. Another classified document here.

That’s actual NSA OpenOffice or Powerpoint
clip art of their horrible headquarters

that you see in every news story, I can’t
wait to see a different photo of the NSA

someday. But you’ll notice right here they
explain how QUANTUM works. Now SSO is

a Special Source Operations site. So
you’ve seen U.S. embassies? Usually

the U.S. embassy has dielectric panels on
the roof, that’s what we showed in Berlin,

it was called “DAS NEST” on the cover
of ‘Der Spiegel’. That’s an SSO site.

So they see that this type of stuff is
taking place, they do an injection and

they try to beat the Yahoo packet back.
Now another interesting point is

that for the Yahoo packet to be beaten,
the NSA must impersonate Yahoo.

This is a really important detail because
what it tells us is that they are

essentially conscripting Yahoo and saying
that they are Yahoo. So they are

impersonating a U.S. company
to a U.S. company user

and they are not actually supposed
to be in this conversation at all.

And when they do it, then they of course
– basically if you’re using Yahoo,

you’re definitely going to get owned. So
– and I don’t just mean that in that

Yahoo is vulnerable, they are, but
I mean people that use Yahoo tend to

– maybe it’s a bad generalization,
but, you know – they’re not the most

security-conscious people on the planet,
they don’t keep their computers up to date,

I’m guessing, and that’s probably why
they love Yahoo so much. They also love

CNN.com, which is some other… I don’t know
what that says, it’s like a sociological

study of compromise. But that’s an
important detail. So the SSO site sniffs

and then they do some injection, they
redirect you to FOXACID. That’s for

web browser exploitation. They obviously
have other exploitation techniques.

Okay. So now. We all know
that cellphones are vulnerable.

Here’s an example. This is a base station

that the NSA has that, I think it’s the
first time ever anyone’s ever revealed

an NSA IMSI catcher. So, here it is.
Well, actually the second time, because

‘Der Spiegel’ did it this morning.
But you know what I mean.

applause

So they call it ‘Find, Fix and
Finish targeted handset users’.

Now it’s really important to understand
when they say “targeting” you would think

‘massive collection’, right? Because what
are they doing? They’re pretending to be

a base station. They want to overpower.
They want to basically be the phone

that you connect to… or the phone system
that you connect to. And that means

lots of people are going to connect
potentially. So it’s not just one

targeted user. So hopefully they have it
set up so that if you need to dial 911,

or here in Europe 112 – you know,
by the way, if you ever want to find

one of these things try to call different
emergency numbers and note which ones

route where. Just as a little detail.
Also note that sometimes if you go

to the Ecuadorian embassy you will receive
a welcome message from Uganda Telecom.

Because the British when they deployed
the IMSI catcher against Julian Assange

at the Ecuadorian embassy made the mistake
of not reconfiguring the spy gear they [had]

deployed in Uganda [before]
when they deployed in London.

applause

And this can be yours
for only US$ 175.800.

And this covers GSM and PCS and
DCS and a bunch of other stuff.

So basically if you use a cell phone
– forget it. It doesn’t matter

what you’re doing. The exception may
be Cryptophone and Redphone. In fact

I’d like to just give a shoutout to the
people who work on free software, and

software which is actually secure. Like
Moxie Marlinspike – I’m so sorry I mention

your name in my talk, but don’t worry,
your silence won’t protect you!

I think it’s really important to know
Moxie is one of the very few people

in the world who builds technologies that
is both free and open source, and

as far as I can tell he refuses to do
anything awful. No backdoors or anything.

And from what I can tell this proves
that we need things like that.

This is absolutely necessary because they
replace the infrastructure we connect to.

It’s like replacing the road that we would
walk on, and adding tons of spy gear.

And they do that too,
we’ll get to that. Okay.

So I’m gonna go a little quick through
these because I think it’s better that you

go online and you adjust. And I wanna
have a little bit of time for questions.

But basically here’s an example of how
even if you disable a thing the thing is

not really disabled. So if you have a WiFi
card in your computer the SOMBERKNAVE

program, which is another classified
document here, they basically repurpose

your WiFi gear. They say: “You’re not
using that WiFi card? We’re gonna scan

for WiFi nearby, we’re gonna exfiltrate
data by finding an open WiFi network

and we’re gonna jump on it”. So
they’re actually using other people’s

wireless networks in addition to having
this stuff in your computer. And this is

one of the ways they beat a so-called
air-gapped target computer.

Okay, so here’s some of the software
implants. Now we’re gonna name a bunch

of companies because – fuck those guys
basically, for collaborating when they do,

and fuck them for leaving us
vulnerable when they do.

applause

And I mean that in the most loving way
because some of them are victims, actually.

It’s important to note that we don’t
yet understand which is which.

So it’s important to name them, so that
they have to go on record, and so that

they can say where they are, and so
that they can give us enough rope

to hang themselves. I really want that to
happen because I think it’s important

to find out who collaborated and who
didn’t collaborate. In order to have truth

and reconciliation we need to start with
a little of truth. So STUCCOMONTANA

is basically BadBIOS if you guys have
heard about that. I feel very bad

for Dragos, he doesn’t really talk to me
right now. I think he might be kinda mad.

But after I was detained – by the
US Army on US soil, I might add –

they took a phone from me. Now it
shouldn’t matter but it did. They also

I think went after all my phone records so
they didn’t need to take the phone. But

for good measure, they just wanted
to try to intimidate me which is exactly

the wrong thing to do to me. But as he
told the story after that happened

all of his computers including his Xbox
were compromised. And he says

even to this day that some of those things
persist. And he talks about the BIOS.

Here’s a document that shows clearly
that they actually re-flash the BIOS

and they also have other techniques
including System Management Mode

related rootkits and that they have
persistence inside of the BIOS.

It’s an incredibly important point. This
is evidence that the thing that Dragos

talked about, maybe he doesn’t
have it, but it really does exist.

Now the question is how would he find it?
We don’t have the forensics tools yet.

We don’t really have the capabilities
widely deployed in the community

to be able to know that, and to be
able to find it. Here’s another one.

This one’s called SWAP. In this case it
replaces the Host Protected Area

of the hard drive, and you can see a
little graph where there’s target systems,

you see the internet, Interactive OPS, so
they’ve got like a guy who is hacking you

in real time, the People’s
Liberation Army… uh, NSA! And…

laughter
And you can see all of these different

things about it. Each one of these things,
including SNEAKERNET, these are

different programs, most of which we
revealed today in ‘Der Spiegel’.

But you’ll notice that it’s Windows,
Linux, FreeBSD and Solaris.

How many Al Qaeda people
use Solaris, do you suppose?

This tells you a really important point.
They are interested in compromising

the infrastructure of systems,
not just individual people.

They want to take control and
literally colonize those systems

with these implants. And that’s not part
of the discussion. People are not talking

about that because they don’t know about
that yet. But they should. Because

in addition to the fact that Sun is a U.S.
company which they are building

capabilities against – that to me, really,
it really bothers me; I can’t tell you

how much that bothers me – we also
see that they’re attacking Microsoft,

another U.S. company, and Linux and
FreeBSD, where there are a lot of people

that are building it from all around the
world. So they’re attacking not only

collective efforts and corporate
efforts, but basically every option

you possibly can, from end users
down to telecom core things.

Here’s another one, DEITYBOUNCE.
This is for Dell,

so Dell PowerEdge 1850,
2850, 1950, 2950…

RAID servers using any of the
following BIOS versions. Right?

So just in case you’re wondering, hey
Dell, why is that? Curious about that.

Love to hear your statements about it.
So if you write YARA sigs [signatures]

and you’re interested in looking
for NSA malware, look for things

that use RC6, so look for the constants
that you might find in RC6.

And when they run, if they emit UDP
traffic – we’ve actually seen a sample

of this but we were not able
to capture it, sadly, but

emitting UDP traffic that is encrypted.
You know, people that I’ve worked with

on things related to this, they’ve even,
they’ve had their house black bagged.

They’ve had pretty bad stuff happen
to them. That’s their story to tell.

But one of the interesting details is
that after those events occurred,

these types of things were seen. Ben
has a really bad idea for those guys,

I might add, because I wouldn’t have put
this slide in if that had not occurred.

But if you want to look for it, you’ll
find it. I know some people that have

looked with YARA sigs and they have
in fact found things related to this,

so I suspect a lot of malware researchers
in the near future are going to have

a lot of stuff to say about this
particular slide. I’ll leave that to them.

I think it’s very important to go looking
for these things, especially to find out

who is victimized by them. Here’s an
iPhone back door.

So DROPOUTJEEP, so
you can see it right there.

So, SMS, contact list retrieval,
voicemail, hot microphone,

camera capture, cell tower location. Cool.
Do you think Apple helped them with that?

I don’t know. I hope Apple will clarify
that. I think it’s really important

that Apple doesn’t. Here’s
a problem. I don’t really believe

that Apple didn’t help them. I can’t
prove it yet, but they literally claim

that any time they target an iOS device,
that it will succeed for implantation.

Either they have a huge collection of
exploits that work against Apple products,

meaning that they are hoarding
information about critical systems that

American companies produce
and sabotaging them,

or Apple sabotaged it themselves.
Not sure which one it is!

I’d like to believe that since Apple
didn’t join the PRISM program until

after Steve Jobs died that maybe it’s
just that they write shitty software.

We know that’s true!
laughter

applause

Here’s a HVT, high-value target.
This is a high-value target

being targeted with a back door for
Windows CE Thuraya phones.

So if you have a Thuraya phone and you’re
wondering if it was secure – yeah maybe.

Good luck! Here’s one where they
replaced the hard drive firmware.

There was a talk at OHM this year
[OHM2013] where a guy talked about

replacing hard drive firmware.
You were onto something.

You were really onto something. Whoever
you are, you were onto something.

Because the NSA has a program here,
IRATEMONK, and that’s exactly

what they do. They replace the firmware
in the hard drive, so it doesn’t matter

if you reformat the hard drive, you’re
done. The firmware itself can do

a whole bunch of stuff. So. Here are
the names of the hard drive companies

were it works: Western Digital, Seagate,
Maxtor and Samsung, and of course

they support FAT, NTFS, EXT3 and UFS.
They probably now have support for

additional file systems, but this is
what we can prove. Please note

at the bottom left and the bottom right:
“Status: Released and Deployed.

Ready for Immediate Delivery”.
And: “Unit Cost: $0”.

It’s free! No, you can’t get it.
It’s not free as in free software.

It’s free as in “You’re owned!”.
laughter

applause

I want to give a shoutout to Karsten Nohl
and Luca [Luca Melette] for their

incredible talk where they showed this
exact attack without knowing that

they had found it. Right?
They say – yeah, absolutely.

applause

Important point. The NSA says that when
they know about these things, that

nobody will come to harm, no one will be
able to find them, they’ll never be able

to be exploited by another third party.
Karsten found this exact vulnerability.

They were able to install a Java applet on
the SIM card without user interaction,

and it was based on the service provider’s
security configuration, which is exactly

what the NSA says here, and they talk
about attacking the same toolkit

inside of the phone; and Karsten
found the same vulnerability

and attacked it in the wild. This
is perfect evidence, not only of

how badass Karsten and Luca are
– they are, no question – but also about

how wrong the NSA is with this balance.
Because for every Karsten and Luca, there

are hundreds of people who are paid to do
this full-time and never tell us about it.

applause

Important detail. Do you see that
‘interdiction’ phrase right there?

“Through remote access” – in other
words, we broke into your computer –

“or interdiction” – in other words,
we stole your fucking mail. Now.

This is a really important point. We
all have heard about these paranoid

crazy people talking about people breaking
into their houses – that’s happened to me

a number of times – motherfuckers,
getting you back – it’s really important

to understand this process is
one that threatens all of us.

The sanctity of the postal system
has been violated. I mean – whoa!

God, it makes me so angry, you know?
You can’t even send a letter without

being spied on, but even worse that they
tamper with it! It’s not enough that

the U.S. Postal Service records all
of this information and keeps it

– that’s not enough. They also have to
tamper with the packages! So every time

you buy from Amazon, for example, every
time you buy anything on the internet,

there is the possibility that they will
actually take your package and change it.

One of the ways that I’ve heard that they
change it is that they will actually

take the case of your computer and they
will injection mold a hardware back door

into the case of the computer.
So that even if you were to look

at the motherboard or have it serviced,
you would not see this. It merely

just needs to be in the proximity
of the motherboard. So.

Let’s talk about hardware implants
that they will put into your devices.

Here’s one. This is called BULLDOZER.
It’s a PCI bus hardware implant.

Pretty scary, doesn’t look so great,
but let’s go on a little bit. Okay?

Here’s one where they actually exploit
the BIOS and System Management Mode.

There’s a big graph that shows all of
these various different interconnections,

which is important. Then they talk about
the long-range comms, INMARSAT, VSAT,

NSA MEANS and Future Capabilities. I think
NSA MEANS exists. Future Capabilities

seems self-explanatory. “This
hardware implant provides

2-way RF communication.” Interesting.
So you disable all the wireless cards,

whatever you need. There you go.
They just added a new one in there and

you don’t even know. Your system has no
clue about it. Here’s a hardware back door

which uses the I2C interface, because
no one in the history of time

other than the NSA probably has ever
used it. That’s good to know that finally

someone uses I2C for something
– okay, other than fan control. But,

look at that! It’s another American
company that they are sabotaging.

They understand that HP’s servers
are vulnerable, and they decided,

instead of explaining that this is
a problem, they exploit it. And IRONCHEF,

through interdiction, is one of
the ways that they will do that.

So I wanna really harp on this. Now it’s
not that I think European companies

are worth less. I suspect especially
after this talk that won’t be true,

in the literal stock sense, but I don’t
know. I think it’s really important

to understand that they are sabotaging
American companies because of the

so-called home-field advantage. The
problem is that as an American who writes

software, who wants to build hardware
devices, this really chills my expression

and it also gives me a problem, which
is that people say: “Why would I use

what you’re doing? You know,
what about the NSA?”

Man, that really bothers me.
I don’t deserve the Huawei taint,

and the NSA gives it. And President
Obama’s own advisory board

that was convened to understand the scope
of these things has even agreed with me

about this point, that this should not be
taking place, that hoarding of zero-day

exploits cannot simply happen without
thought processes that are reasonable

and rational and have an economic and
social valuing where we really think about

the broad-scale impact. Now.
I’m gonna go on to a little bit more.

Here’s where they attack SIM cards. This
is MONKEYCALENDAR. So it’s actually

the flow chart of how this would work.
So in other words, they told you all of

the ways in which you should be certainly,
you know, looking at this. So if you ever

see your handset emitting encrypted SMS
that isn’t Textsecure, you now have

a pretty good idea that it might be this.
Here’s another example. If you have

a computer in front of you… I highly
encourage you to buy the Samsung SGH-X480C

– that’s the preferred phone of the NSA
for attacking another person’s phone.

I’m not exactly sure why, but an important
point is, they add the back door, then

they send an SMS from a regular phone
– what does that tell you? What does that

tell you about the exploitation process?
It tells you that it’s actually something

which is pretty straightforward,
pretty easy to do, doesn’t require

specialized access to the telecoms once
they’ve gotten your phone compromised.

That to me suggests that other people
might find it, other people might use

these techniques. Okay, here’s a USB
hardware implant called COTTONMOUTH.

We released this in ‘Spiegel’ today as
well. See the little red parts. It will

provide a wireless bridge onto the
target network with the ability to load

exploit software. Here’s a little bit of
extra details about that. It actually

shows the graph at the bottom, how they do
this, how they get around, how they beat

the air gap with these things. And they
talk a bit about being GENIE compliant.

So GENIE, and for the rest of these
programs, these are – like DROPOUTJEEP

is part of the CHIMNEYPOOL programs,
and COTTONMOUTH is part of the rest of

these programs over here. These are huge
programs where they’re trying to beat

a whole bunch of different adversaries,
and different capabilities are required.

And this is one of the probably I think
more interesting ones, but here’s

the next revision of it where it’s in a
USB plug, not actually in the cable.

And look, 50 units for US$ 200,000.
It’s really cheap.

You like my editorializing there, I hope?
So, $200,000, okay.

And here’s where you look for it. If you
happen to have an x-ray machine,

look for an extra chip. And that’s
a HOWLERMONKEY radiofrequency transmitter.

Well what’s a HOWLERMONKEY? We’ll
talk about that in a second, but basically

this is for ethernet, here. This is the
FIREWALK. It can actually do injection

bidirectionally on the ethernet controller
into the network that it’s sitting on.

So it doesn’t even have to do things
directly to the computer. It can actually

inject packets directly into the network,
according to the specification sheet,

which we released today on
Der Spiegel’s website. As it says,

‘active injection of ethernet packets onto
the target network’. Here’s another one

from Dell with an actual FLUXBABBITT
hardware implant for the PowerEdge 2950.

This uses the JTAG debugging interface
of the server. Why did Dell leave

a JTAG debugging interface on these
servers? Interesting, right? Because,

it’s like leaving a vulnerability in. Is
that a bug door or a back door or

just a mistake? Well hopefully they will
change these things or at least make it so

that if you were to see this you would
know that you had some problems.

Hopefully Dell will release some
information about how to mitigate

this advanced persistent threat. Right?
Everything that the U.S. Government

accuse the Chinese of doing – which they
are also doing, I believe – we are learning

that the U.S. Government has been doing to
American companies. That to me is really

concerning, and we’ve had no public debate
about these issues, and in many cases

all the technical details are obfuscated
away and they are just completely

outside of the purview of discussions. In
this case we learn more about Dell, and

which models. And here’s the HOWLERMONKEY.
These are actually photographs

of the NSA implanted chips that they
have when they steal your mail.

So after they steal your mail they put
a chip like this into your computer.

So the one, the FIREWALK
one is the ethernet one, and

that’s an important one. You probably will
notice that these look pretty simple,

common off-the-shelf parts. So.

Whew! All right. Who here
is surprised by any of this?

waits for audience reaction
I’m really, really, really glad to see

that you’re not all cynical fuckers and
that someone here would admit

that they were surprised. Okay, who
here is not surprised? waits

I’m going to blow your fucking mind!
laughter

Okay. We all know about TEMPEST,
right? Where the NSA pulls data

out of your computer, irradiate stuff
and then grab it, right? Everybody

who raised their hand and said they’re
not surprised, you already knew

about TEMPEST, right?
Right? Okay. Well.

What if I told you that the NSA had
a specialized technology for beaming

energy into you and to the computer
systems around you, would you believe

that that was real or would that be
paranoid speculation of a crazy person?

laughter
Anybody? You cynical guys

holding up your hand saying that you’re
not surprised by anything, raise your hand

if you would be unsurprised by that.
laughter

Good. And it’s not the same number.
It’s significantly lower. It’s one person.

Great. Here’s what they do with those
types of things. That exists, by the way.

When I told Julian Assange about this, he
said: “Hmm. I bet the people who were

around Hugo Chavez are going to wonder
what caused his cancer.” And I said:

“You know, I hadn’t considered that. But,
you know, I haven’t found any data

about human safety about these tools.
Has the NSA performed tests where they

actually show that radiating people
with 1 kW of RF energy

at short range is safe?”
laughter

My God! No, you guys think I’m
joking, right? Well, yeah, here it is.

This is a continuous wave generator,
a continuous wave radar unit.

You can detect its use because it’s
used between 1 and 2 GHz and

its bandwidth is up to 45 MHz,
user adjustable, 2 watts

using an internal amplifier. External
amplifier makes it possible to go

up to 1 kilowatt.

I’m just gonna let you take that
in for a moment. clears throat

Who’s crazy now?
laughter

Now, I’m being told I only have one
minute, so I’m going to have to go

a little bit quicker. I’m sorry. Here’s
why they do it. This is an implant

called RAGEMASTER. It’s part of the
ANGRYNEIGHBOR family of tools,

laughter
where they have a small device that they

put in line with the cable in your monitor
and then they use this radar system

to bounce a signal – this is not unlike
the Great Seal bug that [Leon] Theremin

designed for the KGB. So it’s good to
know we’ve finally caught up with the KGB,

but now with computers. They
send the microwave transmission,

the continuous wave, it reflects off of
this chip and then they use this device

to see your monitor.

Yep. So there’s the full life cycle.
First they radiate you,

then you die from cancer,
then you… win? Okay, so,

here’s the same thing, but this time for
keyboards, USB and PS/2 keyboards.

So the idea is that it’s a data
retro-reflector. Here’s another thing,

but this one, the TAWDRYYARD program, is
a little bit different. It’s a beacon, so

this is where probably then
they kill you with a drone.

That’s pretty scary stuff. They also have
this for microphones to gather room bugs

for room audio. Notice the bottom. It says
all components are common off the shelf

and are so non-attributable to the NSA.
Unless you have this photograph

and the product sheet. Happy hunting!

applause

And just to give you another idea, this is
a device they use to be able to actively

hunt people down. This is a hunting
device, right? Handheld finishing tool

used for geolocation targeting
handsets in the field. So!

Who was not surprised by this? I’m so
glad to have finally reached the point

where no one raised their hand except
that one guy who I think misheard me.

laughter
Or you’re brilliant. And

please stay in our community
and work on open research!

somebody off mike shouts:
Audience: Maybe he can add something!

Yeah! And if you work for the NSA,
I’d just like to encourage you

to leak more documents!
laughter

applause, cheers

applause

applause

applause, cheers, whistles

applause, cheers, whistles, ovation

applause, ovation

applause, cheers, ovation

applause, ovation

Herald: Thank you very much, Jake.

Thank you. I’m afraid we ran
all out of time for the Q&A.

I’m very sorry for anyone
who wanted to ask questions.

Jacob: But we do have a press conference.
Well, if you guys… you know,

I’d say: “occupy the room for another
5 minutes”, or… know that there’s

a press conference room that will be
opened up, where we can all ask

as many questions as we want,
in 30 minutes, if you’re interested.

And I will basically be available until
I’m assassinated to answer questions.

laughter, applause
So…

in the immortal words of Julian Assange:
Remember, no matter what happens,

even if there’s a videotape of it,
it was murder! Thank you!

Herald: Thank you. Please give a warm
round of applause to Jake Appelbaum!

applause

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