What Makes Some Brains More Focused Than Others? | Marvin Chun | TEDxKFAS
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0:16 - 0:22For me, smart living has to start
with being productive. -
0:23 - 0:27How many of you
would like to be more productive? -
0:27 - 0:30If you are a student,
you would like to get better grades -
0:30 - 0:34without having to work harder.
-
0:34 - 0:38If you have a job, you want to be
more productive in your work, -
0:38 - 0:41you want to gain
more recognition for your work, -
0:41 - 0:43without having to put more hours,
-
0:43 - 0:46because everyone has
the same twenty-four hours a day. -
0:47 - 0:50And there are many ways
to be more productive. -
0:50 - 0:53But the one way that
I'm going to talk about in my session -
0:53 - 0:58is how you can improve your focus,
and how you can improve your attention, -
0:58 - 1:01and what psychology and neuroscience
-
1:01 - 1:05have to say to improve
your focus and attention. -
1:05 - 1:09The big challenge that faces all of us,
especially in modern society, -
1:09 - 1:11is that there's too much information.
-
1:13 - 1:17It's both a blessing, but also a curse,
-
1:17 - 1:20that we have access
to infinite amounts of information; -
1:20 - 1:23all the knowledge
that has been produced by humankind -
1:23 - 1:27is at the end of your thumbs
just by opening up your phone. -
1:27 - 1:29And again it's a huge privilege,
-
1:29 - 1:33and we're very lucky
to be in this kind of era. -
1:33 - 1:35But on the other hand,
-
1:35 - 1:39it's very hard to choose, and it's very
hard to decide where to start, -
1:39 - 1:43because we are constantly confronted
with too much information. -
1:44 - 1:49Secondly, we also distract ourselves.
It's hard to focus on our own. -
1:49 - 1:54One good example is that you commonly see
people walking down the street -
1:54 - 1:56with their eyes glued to their phone.
-
1:56 - 2:00And, of course, they're somewhat
oblivious to their surroundings. -
2:04 - 2:06See he's coming to the door and boom,
-
2:06 - 2:09he just hits the door,
walks right into it. -
2:09 - 2:13In the next video is a woman walking
in a mall checking out her cell phone. -
2:13 - 2:17And you can see that she fell
straight into that fountain. -
2:19 - 2:22Okay? So, you know,
we distract ourselves all the time, -
2:22 - 2:25making us oblivious to our surroundings.
-
2:25 - 2:27These are comical examples,
-
2:27 - 2:30but, of course, there are
more serious dangerous examples. -
2:30 - 2:35For instance, if you're driving a train,
an engineer driving a train, -
2:35 - 2:38and you lose your focus
for even just a few seconds, -
2:38 - 2:40then if you don't slow down your speed
-
2:40 - 2:44your train is going to run off
the tracks to very dangerous effect. -
2:45 - 2:50So these are just a few examples
of how we are overloaded with information -
2:50 - 2:52and how we distract ourselves.
-
2:52 - 2:55And so the question is:
How can we improve our focus? -
2:55 - 3:01We are living in what John Cassidy
of "The New Yorker" magazine -
3:01 - 3:03calls the "attention deficit
disorder economy" -
3:03 - 3:07or the "attention deficit
disorder society." -
3:07 - 3:11And the consequences of that
we're still trying to understand. -
3:11 - 3:14We know that it means
that we're a little less focused, -
3:14 - 3:18more distracted, we may be more shallow.
-
3:18 - 3:24This overwhelming information
may make us less productive. -
3:24 - 3:29And as I just pointed out over here,
it can also lead to dangerous situations. -
3:29 - 3:32The economic cost of attention deficit
-
3:32 - 3:37has been estimated to be even up to about
$200 billion in the United States alone. -
3:37 - 3:41These are serious problems
that affect our productivity. -
3:43 - 3:45So here's an example.
-
3:45 - 3:49I want to see how well you can attend
at the beginning of my talk. -
3:49 - 3:54This is a video, and your task is
to focus on the team with white clothes -
3:54 - 3:57and ignore the team
with black clothes, Okay? -
3:57 - 3:59They're going to run around the screen,
-
3:59 - 4:01and your task is to count
-
4:01 - 4:04how many times they're passing the ball
to other players on the screen, -
4:04 - 4:07other white players,
white T-shirt players, on the screen. -
4:07 - 4:09Okay, count it quietly in your head,
-
4:09 - 4:12and then at the end I'm going to ask you
to yell out the answer. -
4:12 - 4:15So count how many times
the white T-shirt team -
4:15 - 4:17passes the ball to other
players on its team. -
4:17 - 4:20And it's important to do this
as quietly as possible. -
4:20 - 4:24Don't laugh, don't cough or talk
-
4:24 - 4:26because that's going to hurt
other people's concentration. -
4:26 - 4:29Okay. So here's our first
attention deficit test. -
4:29 - 4:32Here we go. One, two, three.
-
4:33 - 4:37Video: How many passes
does the team in white make? -
4:37 - 4:39Go!
-
4:52 - 4:55Marvin Chun: Okay, what was the answer?
How many times? Thirteen? Thirteen? -
4:55 - 4:59Excellent, you guys have great attention
and that's really fantastic. -
4:59 - 5:00We're off to a good start.
-
5:00 - 5:04Now some of you may have seen this video
because it's on YouTube, -
5:04 - 5:05and it's a pretty well-known one.
-
5:05 - 5:07But if you've never seen
this video before, -
5:07 - 5:09please raise your hand up
as high as you can. -
5:09 - 5:12Look around, most of you
haven't seen the video. -
5:12 - 5:13Keep your hands up high, please.
-
5:13 - 5:16Now there was actually
something else going on in this video, -
5:16 - 5:19and you can lower your hands
- keep your hands up please - -
5:19 - 5:24you can lower your hand
if you saw a dancing bear. -
5:24 - 5:27But if you did not see the dancing bear,
keep your hands up, -
5:27 - 5:28look around, you're not alone.
-
5:28 - 5:32Most of you have missed
a very critical part of this video. -
5:32 - 5:34So now you can lower your hand.
-
5:34 - 5:37You're not alone.
Let's watch the video again, no counting. -
5:37 - 5:39Just watch the video now.
-
5:40 - 5:41Okay so now no counting.
-
5:41 - 5:43Video: How many passes
does the team in white make? -
5:43 - 5:45Marvin Chun: And just watch.
-
5:45 - 5:49As you were monitoring
the white T-shirt team, -
5:50 - 5:52on the right, this guy
in a bear suit comes out, -
5:52 - 5:54and he does this kind of dance. Right?
-
5:54 - 5:56And then moonwalks out.
-
5:56 - 5:59And the good majority of you,
the very smart group of people, -
5:59 - 6:05totally missed this very obvious
feature of the video. Okay? -
6:05 - 6:08On the one hand that means
that your attention is really good, -
6:08 - 6:10because you did not, you know,
see something -
6:10 - 6:12that I didn't ask you to look for.
-
6:12 - 6:15But on the other hand,
it really highlights -
6:15 - 6:19how limited your ability to see the world,
and to experience the world, is. -
6:19 - 6:21Our brains are limited.
-
6:21 - 6:25And that's the point
I'm trying to make with this video. -
6:25 - 6:28In fact, we studied this
in my own laboratory at Yale -
6:28 - 6:32in collaboration with one of my former
postdoc students, Yao Daju, -
6:32 - 6:34who is now a professor
at Harvard University. -
6:34 - 6:37We conducted this study
where we asked people -
6:37 - 6:38to do something very simple:
-
6:38 - 6:42Just look at these shapes
shown there on the left. -
6:43 - 6:45And we asked them to attend to the shapes,
-
6:45 - 6:47and try to remember them
for like two seconds. -
6:47 - 6:51And sometimes they have to remember one;
sometimes they have to remember two; -
6:51 - 6:53sometimes they have to remember three.
-
6:53 - 6:54Very simple task.
-
6:54 - 7:00People have no trouble attending to
and remembering one of the objects. Okay? -
7:00 - 7:02And we also measured
what their brains are doing -
7:03 - 7:06while they're looking at this task
and doing this task. -
7:06 - 7:08And that line on the bottom
with the light green -
7:08 - 7:11shows what happens when
people are attending to, -
7:11 - 7:14and remembering, just one item.
-
7:14 - 7:17The brain doesn't have to work too hard
and people do super well. -
7:17 - 7:20They're almost perfect in the task.
-
7:20 - 7:23But once you increase it
to two items or three items, -
7:23 - 7:27you can see in the darker lines
on the graph, -
7:27 - 7:30your brain has to work harder.
-
7:30 - 7:33And not only does your brain have to
work harder, the performance drops. -
7:33 - 7:35People start making mistakes.
-
7:35 - 7:38Even for something this simple.
-
7:38 - 7:43Basically your brain can
handle only one thing at a time. -
7:43 - 7:45Only one thing well at a time.
-
7:45 - 7:48Yes, you can you can try to remember
two things or three things. -
7:48 - 7:50You're capable of doing it,
-
7:50 - 7:54but your productivity, your performance,
is going to start to go down. -
7:55 - 7:58So let's do one more,
another attention test, -
7:58 - 8:01just in case you missed the bear,
try doing this one. -
8:01 - 8:04Just listen to this nice video again.
-
8:04 - 8:07It's actually a commercial
advertisement for a car, -
8:07 - 8:11but I think it makes good use
of psychology and cognitive science. -
8:11 - 8:13So I'll let it speak for itself.
-
8:13 - 8:16I don't receive any endorsements
from this company. -
8:16 - 8:17But here we go.
-
8:21 - 8:24Video: To test
just how much attention -
8:24 - 8:28the attention-stealing design
of the new Skoda Fabia actually steals, -
8:28 - 8:31we left one parked on this
ordinary road in West London. -
8:31 - 8:35We wanted to see if its sharp,
crystalline shapes, bold lines -
8:35 - 8:39and lower, wider profile would attract
the desired level of attention. -
8:40 - 8:45Will the 17-inch black alloy wheels
stop passersby in their tracks? -
8:45 - 8:50Will the angular headlights
attract the attention of other road users? -
8:50 - 8:55Will a crowd gather to check out
its fresh, sporty look? -
8:56 - 8:59Well not quite.
-
8:59 - 9:02But did the attention-stealing design
distract you from noticing -
9:02 - 9:07that the entire street has been changing
right before your very eyes? -
9:07 - 9:11Don't believe us? Have another look.
-
9:11 - 9:14Did you spot the van changing to a taxi?
-
9:14 - 9:17How about the scooter
changing to a pair of bicycles? -
9:17 - 9:20Or the lady holding a pig?
-
9:20 - 9:24Let alone the fact that the entire street
is now completely different. -
9:24 - 9:26Didn't think so?
-
9:26 - 9:29Marvin Chun: So hopefully
I've made the point -
9:29 - 9:33that your brain can really only attend to,
focus on, do well, -
9:33 - 9:38one thing at a time, one object at a time,
one task at a time. -
9:38 - 9:40And so with that background
-
9:40 - 9:44I'm now going to share three tips
on how to improve your focus and attention -
9:44 - 9:46given these limitations.
-
9:48 - 9:54Tip number one is to try to simplify
what you attend to. Okay? -
9:54 - 9:57And I'll explain that more in a moment,
-
9:57 - 10:00because first we have
to try to understand: -
10:00 - 10:05Why is it the case that the brain
can only attend to one thing at a time? -
10:05 - 10:08I would like for you
to think of your brain as an orchestra. -
10:08 - 10:10Okay? It's like an orchestra.
-
10:10 - 10:12When you listen to an orchestra
-
10:12 - 10:16you don't just focus on one instrument
or one player, -
10:16 - 10:19you listen to the whole harmony
of all the different instruments -
10:19 - 10:21coming in and out.
-
10:21 - 10:25Beautiful music comes from this synchrony
and harmony and coordination -
10:25 - 10:27of all the different instrument pieces.
-
10:27 - 10:30And that's exactly
how the brain works as well. -
10:30 - 10:32And right now, again, in my laboratory
-
10:32 - 10:35we're working on ways
to measure this harmony, -
10:35 - 10:39and to quantify this harmony using
something called functional connectivity. -
10:39 - 10:46And we can build models of how well
people attend based on this harmony -
10:46 - 10:50such that what you have here
on this graph over here on the X-axis -
10:50 - 10:55is a prediction of who's more attentive
and who's less attentive. -
10:55 - 10:57And what we have on the Y-axis
-
10:57 - 10:59is the actual individuals
that we're predicting. -
10:59 - 11:02And you can see that
our models do a good job. -
11:02 - 11:03If you listen to the entire brain,
-
11:03 - 11:06you can predict who's
going to be more attentive -
11:06 - 11:07and who's going to be less attentive.
-
11:07 - 11:10In fact, these graphs
allow us to even predict -
11:10 - 11:12symptoms for attentional
deficit disorders. -
11:13 - 11:15So clearly people differ. Okay?
-
11:15 - 11:19I told you that you're all limited
to only attend to one thing. -
11:19 - 11:22But still, different people, some people,
-
11:22 - 11:23are more focused than other people.
-
11:23 - 11:26The people on the top right
are more focused, -
11:26 - 11:28and can hold their attention
for a longer time, -
11:28 - 11:30than people on the bottom left.
-
11:30 - 11:32So what is different
about all of your brains, -
11:32 - 11:37and how can we help you have
a kind of brain that's on the top right, -
11:37 - 11:39that allows you to maintain focus?
-
11:39 - 11:41So my three tips as I mentioned.
-
11:41 - 11:43My first tip is: simplify.
-
11:44 - 11:47I told you that there is
too much information in the environment, -
11:47 - 11:52then control how much information
that you have to pay attention to. -
11:52 - 11:56If you are a company trying to
sell a product, or to teach something, -
11:56 - 11:58or to introduce something
to another person, -
11:58 - 12:01simplify your message.
-
12:01 - 12:04Likewise, as a consumer,
simplify what you see. -
12:04 - 12:09My favorite example is
this legendary introduction of the iPhone -
12:09 - 12:12by the past Steve Jobs.
-
12:13 - 12:15The phone design speaks for itself.
-
12:15 - 12:17He puts the price up.
-
12:17 - 12:21He puts up the size of the memory,
and just leaves it to the bare essentials, -
12:21 - 12:24so that people can focus
on the important information. -
12:24 - 12:26If he were an amateur presenter,
-
12:26 - 12:28he might have presented a slide like this:
-
12:28 - 12:31Introducing the new iPhone.
Revolutionary design. -
12:31 - 12:34And this is how some people
make their slides. -
12:34 - 12:37It's how some companies
sell their products. -
12:37 - 12:38But really you have to simplify,
-
12:38 - 12:41because consumers, all of us,
-
12:41 - 12:45we don't have the capacity
to process so much information. -
12:47 - 12:52Tip number two is to relax.
It's so important. -
12:52 - 12:59This is a very famous,
old principle in psychology -
12:59 - 13:01called the Yerkes-Dodson curve.
-
13:01 - 13:05And what we have here
on the X-axis is arousal. Okay? -
13:05 - 13:11Or stress, or emotion, or focus,
-
13:11 - 13:16it's all of that on the bottom axis,
from low to high. -
13:16 - 13:19Of course, what we care about
is the Y-axis, performance, okay? -
13:19 - 13:22We want to be high, show high performance.
-
13:22 - 13:28Some people act as if the more pumped-up
they are, and the harder they try, -
13:28 - 13:31their performance is always
going to go up. Okay? -
13:31 - 13:34The more stressed you get,
performance will go up. -
13:34 - 13:36Some people think that.
-
13:36 - 13:39But, of course, research indicates
that that's not the case. -
13:39 - 13:45The curve is actually
an upside-down U-shaped function. -
13:45 - 13:49So that optimal performance -
yes, you need some arousal, -
13:49 - 13:52you need to put some effort into any task,
-
13:52 - 13:54and then you hit your peak performance.
-
13:54 - 13:58But if you put too much effort in,
or you are over aroused, -
13:58 - 14:02then your performance is going
to drop over on the far right -
14:02 - 14:06So that's a very important principle
in attention research. -
14:06 - 14:07So how do you relax?
-
14:07 - 14:11Of course, that's a whole other TED talk,
on how to relax. -
14:11 - 14:14I'm just going to share
two quick sub tips for that. -
14:14 - 14:20One is to don't forget to breathe,
as basic as that sounds. -
14:20 - 14:23But if you're feeling stressed
or even if you're not feeling stressed, -
14:24 - 14:26it's really good to breathe.
-
14:26 - 14:27So let's try it once here.
-
14:27 - 14:31We're going to take a deep breath in
for about 5 to 10 seconds. -
14:31 - 14:32Just breathe in,
-
14:32 - 14:35make the air come all the way down
to the bottom of your lungs -
14:35 - 14:37and then exhale very slowly.
-
14:38 - 14:39Okay. Very good.
-
14:39 - 14:45Can't you feel the clarity
in your brain happening when you do that? -
14:45 - 14:46It makes two points.
-
14:46 - 14:51When you engage in deep breathing,
it will actually help you relax. -
14:51 - 14:54And another point is that
in order to breathe deeply -
14:54 - 14:56you actually have to relax.
-
14:56 - 14:58No one's going to do this deep breath
-
14:58 - 15:01while they're jumping up and down
or doing some kind of weird exercise. -
15:01 - 15:06And so that's, I think, one very simple
and free tip you can have -
15:06 - 15:08to try to help relaxing.
-
15:08 - 15:11Meditation, prayer, yoga,
-
15:11 - 15:13there are many other ways
to relax as well. -
15:13 - 15:16The second thing I'll share
on the topic of relaxation -
15:16 - 15:20is maybe a surprising one,
or maybe it's not. -
15:20 - 15:22But exercise is really great.
-
15:22 - 15:25And taking walks is huge.
-
15:25 - 15:26There's actually a ton of research
-
15:26 - 15:31showing that taking a walk is
very beneficial, not only for your mood, -
15:31 - 15:35but also for your attention,
for your cognitive skills. -
15:35 - 15:38And importantly, it's important
to take a walk in a park -
15:38 - 15:40or a place where there are trees,
-
15:40 - 15:43where there's greenery,
where there's a green environment. -
15:43 - 15:45So, if you take two groups
-
15:45 - 15:49- and this is work done by Berman and
Jonides at the University of Michigan - -
15:49 - 15:50if you take two groups,
-
15:50 - 15:55compare walking in a city versus walking
in a park or walking in a forest, -
15:55 - 15:59people who walk in a forest
are not only more relaxed and happier, -
15:59 - 16:03but they actually show
improved attention and focus -
16:03 - 16:05after they return from their walk.
-
16:05 - 16:09So just a little plug
for taking a walk after lunch. -
16:10 - 16:13My final tip is unitasking,
-
16:13 - 16:16and this is probably the most
important tip I want to share with you -
16:16 - 16:18because I think
there's a ton of research -
16:18 - 16:20that is counterintuitive to people.
-
16:20 - 16:23People think: "In order to be productive,
I need to multitask. -
16:23 - 16:26I need to do more things
at any given time." -
16:26 - 16:29But that's actually opposite
to everything I just told you -
16:29 - 16:30about how the brain works.
-
16:30 - 16:33Your brain works better
when it's unitasking, -
16:33 - 16:36when it's only doing
one thing at a time. Okay? -
16:36 - 16:39How many of you check your phones
when you're studying, -
16:39 - 16:41or when you're doing something important
-
16:41 - 16:44like writing a report
or making an important plan? -
16:44 - 16:46How many of you check your phones
when you do that? -
16:46 - 16:48Let's be honest.
-
16:48 - 16:50Everyone checks their phones right?
-
16:50 - 16:53How many of you check your phones
more than one or two times an hour? -
16:53 - 16:56Yes, all of your hands are still up. Okay?
-
16:56 - 16:58Psychology and neuroscience
research suggests -
16:58 - 17:01that that's not
a very efficient way to work. -
17:02 - 17:03So let's try this out.
-
17:03 - 17:06I think this is
an important demonstration. -
17:06 - 17:08I'm going to show
a list of numbers on the left. -
17:08 - 17:13If the number is blue, add seven;
if the number is pink, subtract seven. -
17:13 - 17:15Then move on to the next number.
-
17:15 - 17:17You're going down the list
as fast as you can. -
17:17 - 17:20Add seven if it's blue,
and just subtract seven if it's red, -
17:20 - 17:22and move on to the next number.
-
17:22 - 17:26When you're done just clap your hands
so I know when people are finished. -
17:26 - 17:28Okay? It's clear instructions.
Add seven or subtract seven. -
17:28 - 17:30Here we go. One, two, three.
-
17:31 - 17:34Do it as fast as you can.
-
17:44 - 17:46Okay. I am hearing some claps.
-
17:46 - 17:48When you're done clap your hands quickly.
-
17:50 - 17:52Okay. Great.
So, you're pretty much done. -
17:52 - 17:54Let's just do it one more time.
-
17:54 - 17:56Now the list on the on the right.
-
17:56 - 17:59Here we go.
-
18:01 - 18:04If it's blue add seven;
if it's pink subtract seven. -
18:04 - 18:07As fast as you can.
-
18:08 - 18:11And then you can clap
at the end of the list. -
18:20 - 18:23Okay. So what do you think?
-
18:24 - 18:27Much harder isn't it? It's much harder.
-
18:27 - 18:29But you probably also noticed
-
18:29 - 18:31that these two lists are the same.
-
18:31 - 18:36The same number of addition problems,
the same number of subtraction problems. -
18:36 - 18:38But on the left you're unitasking,
-
18:38 - 18:42doing a bunch of addition and then
only switching once to do subtraction. -
18:42 - 18:45On the right you're multitasking. Okay?
-
18:45 - 18:48So when you're studying or working
while checking your phone, -
18:48 - 18:49you're doing stuff on the right,
-
18:49 - 18:52you're making your job
harder for yourself. -
18:52 - 18:55And if you'd like to test this
in the laboratory, -
18:55 - 19:01on the right you're going to be 30% slower
and going to be 30% less accurate, -
19:01 - 19:03and your brain has to work harder.
-
19:03 - 19:06It's like exercising wearing
a big heavy backpack. -
19:06 - 19:08Why would you handicap yourself
-
19:08 - 19:12if you can unitask
like we showed you here on the left? -
19:12 - 19:14Okay? So that's my final tip.
-
19:14 - 19:19It's to try to unitask
to improve your focus and productivity. -
19:19 - 19:20It's okay to check your phone;
-
19:20 - 19:25just do it after you've finished working
for 30 minutes or an hour as a reward. -
19:25 - 19:26Don't check it every five minutes.
-
19:26 - 19:29Don't check your emails
every five minutes, -
19:29 - 19:31don't check your Facebook
every five minutes. -
19:31 - 19:35So in conclusion, my three tips
for improving focus and attention are: -
19:35 - 19:39simplify, relax, unitask.
-
19:39 - 19:43I guarantee that the research indicates
that your productivity will go up -
19:43 - 19:45if you follow these tips,
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19:45 - 19:47and it may even make you smarter.
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19:47 - 19:48Thank you very much.
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19:48 - 19:50(Applause)
- Title:
- What Makes Some Brains More Focused Than Others? | Marvin Chun | TEDxKFAS
- Description:
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This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://tedxkfas.com
Faced with overwhelming amounts of information and an increasing need to multitask, how can our brains focus on important tasks and avoid distractions? Cognitive neuroscience researcher Dr. Marvin Myungwoo Chun discusses why some people are more attentive than others, allowing them to perform better at school, sports, and in the workplace. He also reveals the difference in our brains that explain superior performance, and gives tips on how to enhance our focus.
Dr. Marvin Myungwoo Chun is a cognitive neuroscience researcher and psychology professor and received the highest teaching prize at Yale University. He is the Richard M. Colgate Professor of Psychology at Yale, with joint appointments in the Cognitive Science Program and the School of Medicine Department of Neurobiology. He also serves as the John B. Madden Master of Berkeley College. He received his B.A. from Yonsei University, his Ph.D. from MIT and his postdoctoral training at Harvard. He serves on the Board of Directors for the Federation of Associations in Behavioral and Brain Sciences, and as a scientific advisor on the NIKE (Sport) Performance Council.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 19:58
Robert Tucker edited English subtitles for What Makes Some Brains More Focused Than Others? | Marvin Chun | TEDxKFAS | ||
Robert Tucker approved English subtitles for What Makes Some Brains More Focused Than Others? | Marvin Chun | TEDxKFAS | ||
Robert Tucker edited English subtitles for What Makes Some Brains More Focused Than Others? | Marvin Chun | TEDxKFAS | ||
Robert Tucker edited English subtitles for What Makes Some Brains More Focused Than Others? | Marvin Chun | TEDxKFAS | ||
Robert Tucker edited English subtitles for What Makes Some Brains More Focused Than Others? | Marvin Chun | TEDxKFAS | ||
Robert Tucker edited English subtitles for What Makes Some Brains More Focused Than Others? | Marvin Chun | TEDxKFAS | ||
Robert Tucker edited English subtitles for What Makes Some Brains More Focused Than Others? | Marvin Chun | TEDxKFAS | ||
Robert Tucker edited English subtitles for What Makes Some Brains More Focused Than Others? | Marvin Chun | TEDxKFAS |