Art in the age of machine intelligence

Hi. I'm Refik. I'm a media artist.

I use data as a pigment

and paint with a thinking brush

that is assisted
by artificial intelligence.

Using architectural spaces as canvases,

I collaborate with machines

to make buildings dream and hallucinate.

You may be wondering,
what does all this mean?

So let me please take you
into my work and my world.

I witnessed the power of imagination

when I was eight years old

as a child growing up in Istanbul.

One day, my mom brought home
a videocassette

of the science fiction movie
"Blade Runner."

I clearly remember being mesmerized

by the stunning architectural vision
of the future of Los Angeles,

a place that I had never seen before.

That vision became a kind of a staple

of my daydreams.

When I arrived in LA in 2012

for a graduate program
in design media arts,

I rented a car and drove downtown

to see that wonderful world
of the near future.

I remember a specific line
that kept playing

over and over in my head:

the scene where the android Rachael

realizes that her memories
are actually not hers,

and when Deckard tells her
they are someone else's memories.

Since that moment,

one of my inspirations

has been this question.

What can a mission do
with someone else's memories?

Or, to say that in another way,

what does it mean to be an AI
in the 21st century?

Any android or AI mission
is only intelligent

as long as we collaborate with it.

It can construct things
that human intelligence

intends to produce,

but does not have the capacity to do so.

Think about your activities
and social networks.

For example, they get smarter
the more you interact with them.

If machines can learn or process memories,

can they also dream?

Hallucinate?

Involuntarily remember,

or make connections

between multiple people streams?

Does being an AI in the 21st century

simply mean not forgetting anything?

And, if so,

isn't it the most revolutionary thing

that we have experienced

in our centuries-long effort
to capture history across media?

In other words,

how far have we come
since we discussed "Blade Runner"?

So I established my studio in 2014,

and invited architects,

computer and data scientists,
neuroscientists, musicians

and even storytellers to join me
in realizing my dreams.

Can data become a pigment?

This was the very first question we asked

when starting our journey

to embed media arts into architecture,

to collide virtual and physical worlds.

So we began to imagine

what I would call

the politics of data.

One of our first projects,
Virtual Depictions,

was a public data sculpture piece

commissioned by the city of San Francisco.

The work invites the audience

to be part of a spectacular
aesthetic experience

in a living urban space

by depicting a ?? network
of connections of the city itself.

It also stands as a reminder
of how invisible data

from our everyday lives,

like the ?? feeds
that are represented here,

can be made visible

and transformed into sensory knowledge

that can be experienced collectively.

In fact, data can only become knowledge

when it's experienced,

and what is knowledge and experience

can take many forms.

When exploring such connections

through the vast potential
of machine intelligence,

we also pondered

the connection between human senses

and the machines' capacity
for simulating nature.

These inquiries began while working
on wind data paintings.

They took the shape of visualized plans

based on hidden data sets

that we collected from wind sensors.

We then used generative algorithms

to transform wind speed,
gust and direction

into an ethereal data pigment.

The result was a meditative

yet speculative experience.

This kinetic data sculpture,
titled, "Bosphorus,"

was a similar attempt to question
our capacity to reimagine

natural occurrences.

Using high-frequency radar collections
of the Marmara Sea,

we collected sea surface data

and projected its dynamic movement
with machine intelligence.

We create the sense of immersion

in a calm yet constantly changing

synthetic serial.

Seeing with the brain

is often called imagination,

and, for me, imagining architecture

goes beyond just glass,

metal or concrete,

instead experimenting with
the furthermost possibilities of immersion

and ways of augmenting
our perception in built environments.

Research in artificial intelligence
is growing every day,

leaving us with the feeling
of being plugged into a system

that is bigger and more knowledgeable

than ourselves.

In 2017, we discovered
an open source library

of cultural documents in Istanbul

and began working on "Archive Dreaming,"

one of the first AI-driven
public installations in the world,

an AI exploring approximately
1.7 million documents that span 270 years.

One of our inspirations
during this process

was a short story
called "The Library of Babel"

by the Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges.

In the story, the author conceives
a universe in the form of a vast library

containing all possible 410-page books

of a certain format and character set.

Through this inspiring image,

we imagine a way to physically explore

the vast archives of knowledge

in the age of machine intelligence.

The resulting work, as you can see,

was a user-driven immersive space.

"Archive Dreaming" profoundly transformed
the experience of a library

in the age of machine intelligence.

"Machine Hallucination"
is an exploration of time and space

experienced through New York City's

public photographic archives.

For this one-of-a-kind immersive project,

we deployed machine-learning algorithms

to find and process over
100 million photographs of the city.

We designed an innovative narrative system

to use artificial intelligence
to predict or to hallucinate new images,

allowing the viewer to step
into a dreamlike fusion

of past and future New York.

As our projects delve deeper into
remembering and transmitting knowledge,

we thought more about how memories

were not static recollections

but ever-changing
interpretations of past events.

We pondered how machines

could simulate unconscious
and subconscious events

such as dreaming,

remembering

and hallucinating.

Thus we created "Melting Memories"

to visualize the moment of remembering.

The inspiration came from a tragic event

when I found out that my uncle
was diagnosed with Alzheimer's.

At that time, all I could think about

was to find a way to celebrate

how and what he remembered

when we are still able to do so.

I began to think of memories

not as disappearing

but as melting

or changing shape.

With the help of machine intelligence,

we worked with the scientists
at the Neuroscape Laboratory

at the University of California,

who showed us how to understand
brain signals as memories are made.

Although my own uncle was losing
the ability to process memories,

the artwork generated by the EEG data

explored the materiality of remembering

and stood as a tribute

to what my uncle had lost.

Almost nothing about contemporary LA

matched my childhood expectation

of the city,

with the exception
of one amazing building:

the Walt Disney Concert Hall,
designed by Frank Gehry,

one of my all-time heroes.

In 2018, I had a call
from the LA Philharmonic

who was looking for an installation

to help mark the celebrated symphony's
hundredth year anniversary.

For this, we decided to ask the question,

can a build learn? Can it dream?

To answer this question,

we decided to collect everything recorded

in the archives of the LA field and WHC,

to be precise, 77 terabytes
of digitally archived memories.

By using machine intelligence,

the entire archive going back 100 years

became projections on the building's skin,

42 projectors to achieve
this futuristic public experience

in the heart of Los Angeles,

getting one step closer
to the LA of "Blade Runner."

If ever a building could dream,

it was in this moment.

Now, I am inviting you to one last journey

into the mind of a machine.

Right now, we are fully immersed
in the data universe

of every single created TED Talk

from the past 30 years.

That means, this data set includes
7,705 talks from the TED stage.

Those talks have been translated

into 7.4 million seconds,

and each second is represented
here in this data universe.

Every image that you are seeing in here

represents unique moments
from those talks.

By using machine intelligence,

we processed a total of 487,000 sentences

into 330 unique clusters of topics
like nature, global emissions,

extinction, race issues,

computation,

trust, emotions, water and refugees.

These clusters are then
connected to each other

by an algorithm,

and generated 113 million line segments,

which revealed new
conceptual relationships.

Wouldn't it be amazing

to be able to remember

all the questions that have ever
been asked on the stage?

Here I am,

inside the mind
of countless great thinkers,

as well as a machine

interacting with various feelings

attributed to learning,

remembering,

questioning

and imagining all at the same time,

expanding the power of the mind.

For me, being right here

is indeed what it means
to be an AI in the 21st century.

It is in our hands, humans,

to train this mind to learn and remember

what we can only dream of.

Thank you.