杜克博士为什么跑来全职做公益 | 李治中 | TEDxDukeKunshanU

It is a great honor to be here
at Duke Kunshan University.

It feels like returning to my alma mater.

It’s the first time I’ve felt like
I’ve returned to

my old school since
graduating from Duke.

I haven’t got a chance
to revisit the Duke campus.

Today, I’m honored to be here.

I’d like to share with you
what I’m doing now.

Today’s theme is “Exploration.”

I want to tell you that we’re exploring

on the path of public
welfare 2.0 in China.

So the title of my speech is
“Why a Duke Ph.D. holder

would work in public welfare."

This is a decision that might
seem very odd to many people.

I hope that after today's speech,
more Duke students

can join in and do something that
seems like deviating from your proper work.

In fact, the first half of my
experience is very straightforward,

a typical experience of a
so-called straight-A student.

After graduating from high school,
I went to college, to Tsinghua University

and then successfully got
accepted to Duke.

At Duke, I spent less
than four years to get my Ph.D.

Many people might think,
as things went so well,

I should go into academics,
like Prof. Haiyan Gao,

to become a good professor in the future.

But at that time,
for personal reasons,

I chose to join Novartis Pharmaceuticals,
because my dream has always

been in developing new cancer drugs.

I went to Duke to study because
my mother had breast cancer.

Otherwise,
I would definitely do something else.

So, my dream has always been the same.

I later worked in research
and pop science.

All are actually related
to this experience.

Many people might wonder why,
in 2018, I wrote an article titled

“I quit my job on the first day of
Chinese New Year and returned to China

with my whole family to work
in public welfare.”

Why did I do it?

Today, I will share with
you the story behind it.

First, let me introduce
to you this little girl.

We’ll call her Little Li
for privacy reasons.

Little Li is a very cute girl
about 1 year old.

One day, her parents noticed
she was squinting her eyes.

They were very worried and took her
to the county hospital for an examination.

The doctor said she had probably
played too much with a mobile phone.

It doesn’t matter, he said.

You should go back and wait three months

before coming back for
another examination.

So, they waited.

Three months later,

a tumor had already grown in her eyes.

This time, her parents took
Little Li to the provincial hospital.

The doctors told them
they had no clue how to treat the girl,

and suggested they go
to Beijing for treatment.

So, they went to Beijing.

Due to the long journey and delay,
the girl developed a serious infection.

As a result,
she couldn’t receive immediate treatment.

The infection needed to be treated first.

It was 22 days later when she finally
received any medicine to treat her cancer.

The last time I saw Little Li,

both her eyes had been removed
because of retinoblastoma,

a very rare but potentially
very malignant tumor of the eyes.

Her father sent this photo to me

and urged me to tell everyone
about their experience.

Her father is in the army.

After Little Li was born,
her father joined the army.

When he returned home,
his daughter’s eyes were gone.

This is the problem that we have to solve.

There are 40,000 children
like Little Li in China.

Some 40,000 children
get cancer every year.

Although the public believe
that cancer is a geriatric disease,

many children get cancer too.

The vast majority of children
with cancer are misdiagnosed in China,

because of information asymmetry

and because parents have
no awareness of childhood cancers.

From all of you here,
I believe barely anyone really knows

what childhood cancer is,

what types of cancer children get,

what hospitals they can go to for treatment,

and what drugs to use.

Almost none.

I hope that after my speech today,

you will have some ideas
about childhood cancer

and how we are promoting awareness
through public welfare projects.

For any parents who have just
learned that their child has cancer,

they must be very scared
and feel very helpless.

They will have many, many questions,

such as what the disease is exactly?

Which hospital is the best?

Why does my child has cancer?

And can we have a second child?

These are very practical questions.

But before,
in China,

no one was able to answer these questions.

When you go to a hospital,

the doctors have no time
to answer these questions.

Why did tragedies like Little Li’s happen?

Why do these parents feel so helpless?

It is because of the missing of
professional information

in this area in China.

If we are in the United States, at Duke,

we’d use Google to search

“pediatric cancer” or “childhood cancer”,

we’d find a lot of very professional
and systematic pop

science materials that
give answers to all these questions.

But, before I returned,

if you searched for keywords

such as “child cancer” in China,

the first results to come up would be:

“Why do children get cancer?

Mostly because of their mothers.”

And there are all kinds of advertisements.

This is the problem parents are facing.

They not only have to face the shock
of the disease and their child's illness,

but also the stress of not being able
to find any reliable information.

This is what we want to do.

The survival rate of childhood cancer in
China is much lower than that in the U.S.,

although the overall figure is very good.

Childhood cancer survival is
much better than that of adults.

But there is a 20 percent gap between China and the U.S.

Why?

Not because of new drugs,

as there are few new
drugs for child cancers.

Later, I will talk about some
latest developments in new drugs.

But as a whole,

there are few new drugs for

conventional treatment,

just surgery,

chemotherapy,

radiotherapy

and bone marrow transplantation.

The treatment in China
and the U.S. is the same.

So where is the gap?

Children in China are usually delayed

until a very late stage
in seeking hospital treatment.

This is the gap.